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Các sao gần Trái Đất nhất bên ngoài hệ Mặt Trời với khoảng cách chưa đến 5 pc đã được quan sát thấy bao gồm 50 hệ sao sau:

Danh sách

Các ngôi sao gần nhất với Mặt Trời theo thang thời gian từ 20.000 năm trong quá khứ đến 80.000 năm trong tương lai.
#Danh phápPhân loại saoCấp sao biểu kiến (mV)Cấp sao tuyệt đối (MV)Nhiệt độ hiệu lực Teff
theo K (+/-)
KNTV J2000.0Thị sai[1][2]
Giây cung(±err)
Khoảng cách[3]
Năm ánh sáng (+/-)
Tham khảo
Hệ thống saoSaoSao #Xích kinh[1]Xích vĩ[1]
Hệ Mặt TrờiMặt TrờiG2V[1]−26.74[1]4.85[1]5,778[4]variable: the Sun travels along the ecliptic180°0,0000158(3)
hay 8,32(16)
phút ánh sáng
có 8 hành tinh và 5 hành tinh lùn đã biết
1Alpha Centauri
(Rigil Kentaurus; Toliman)
Proxima Centauri (V645 Centauri)1M5.5Ve11.09[1]15.53[1]3,040[5]14h 29m 43.0s−62° 40′ 46″0.768 87(0 29)″[6][7]4.2421(16)[8]
α Centauri A (HD 128620)2G2V[1]0.01[1]4.38[1]5,790[5]14h 39m 36.5s−60° 50′ 02″0.747 23(1 17)″[6][9]4.3650(68)
α Centauri B (HD 128621)2K1V[1]1.34[1]5.71[1]5,260[5]14h 39m 35.1s−60° 50′ 14″
2Barnard's Star (BD+04°3561a)4M4.0Ve9.53[1]13.22[1]3,134(102)[10]17h 57m 48.5s+04° 41′ 36″0.546 98(1 00)″[6][7]5.9630(109)
3Wolf 359 (CN Leonis)5M6.0V[1]13.44[1]16.55[1]2,800(100)[11]10h 56m 29.2s+07° 00′ 53″0.419 10(2 10)″[6]7.7825(390)
4Lalande 21185 (BD+36°2147)6M2.0V[1]7.47[1]10.44[1]3,400[12]11h 03m 20.2s+35° 58′ 12″0.393 42(0 70)″[6][7]8.2905(148)
5Sirius
(α Canis Majoris)
Sirius A7A1V[1]−1.46[1]1.42[1]9,940(210)[13]06h 45m 08.9s−16° 42′ 58″0.380 02(1 28)″[6][7]8.5828(289)
Sirius B7DA2[1]8.44[1]11.34[1]25.000(200)[14]
6Luyten 726-8Luyten 726-8 A (BL Ceti)9M5.5Ve12.54[1]15.40[1]2,67001h 39m 01.3s−17° 57′ 01″0.373 70(2 70)″[6]8.7280(631)
Luyten 726-8 B (UV Ceti)10M6.0Ve12.99[1]15.85[1]~2,600
7Ross 154 (V1216 Sagittarii)11M3.5Ve10.43[1]13.07[1]2,70018h 49m 49.4s−23° 50′ 10″0.336 90(1 78)″[6][7]9.6813(512)
8Ross 248 (HH Andromedae)12M5.5Ve12.29[1]14.79[1]?23h 41m 54.7s+44° 10′ 30″0.316 00(1 10)″[6]10.322(36)
9Epsilon Eridani (BD−09°697)13K2V[1]3.73[1]6.19[1]5,10003h 32m 55.8s−09° 27′ 30″0.309 99(0 79)″[6][7]10.522(27)có 1 hành tinh (second awaiting confirmation)
10Lacaille 9352 (CD−36°15693)14M1.5Ve7.34[1]9.75[1]3,34023h 05m 52.0s−35° 51′ 11″0.303 64(0 87)″[6][7]10.742(31)
11Ross 128 (FI Virginis)15M4.0Vn11.13[1]13.51[1]2,80011h 47m 44.4s+00° 48′ 16″0.298 72(1 35)″[6][7]10.919(49)1 hành tinh Ross 128 b
12EZ Aquarii
(GJ 866, Luyten 789-6)
EZ Aquarii A16M5.0Ve13.33[1]15.64[1]?22h 38m 33.4s−15° 18′ 07″0.289 50(4 40)″[6]11.266(171)
EZ Aquarii B16M?13.27[1]15.58[1]?
EZ Aquarii C16M?14.03[1]16.34[1]?
13Procyon
(α Canis Minoris)
Procyon A19F5V-IV[1]0.38[1]2.66[1]6,65007h 39m 18.1s+05° 13′ 30″0.286 05(0 81)″[6][7]11.402(32)
Procyon B19DA[1]10.70[1]12.98[1]9,700
1461 Cygni61 Cygni A (BD+38°4343)21K5.0V[1]5.21[1]7.49[1]4,64021h 06m 53.9s+38° 44′ 58″0.286 04(0 56)″[6][7]11.403(22)first star (other than Sun) to have its distance measured
61 Cygni B (BD+38°4344)21K7.0V[1]6.03[1]8.31[1]4,44021h 06m 55.3s+38° 44′ 31″
15Struve 2398
(GJ 725, BD+59°1915)
Struve 2398 A (HD 173739)23M3.0V[1]8.90[1]11.16[1]?18h 42m 46.7s+59° 37′ 49″0.283 00(1 69)″[6][7]11.525(69)
Struve 2398 B (HD 173740)23M3.5V[1]9.69[1]11.95[1]?18h 42m 46.9s+59° 37′ 37″
16Groombridge 34
(GJ 15)
Groombridge 34 A (GX Andromedae)25M1.5V[1]8.08[1]10.32[1]?0h 18m 22.9s+44° 01′ 23″0.280 59(0 95)″[6][7]11.624(39)
Groombridge 34 B (GQ Andromedae)25M3.5V[1]11.06[1]13.30[1]?
17Epsilon Indi
(CPD−57°10015)
Epsilon Indi A27K5Ve[1]4.69[1]6.89[1]4,28022h 03m 21.7s−56° 47′ 10″0.275 84(0 69)″[6][7]11.824(30)
Epsilon Indi Ba27T1.0V>23>251,28022h 04m 10.5s−56° 46′ 58″
Epsilon Indi Bb27T6.0V>23>25850
18DX Cancri (G 51-15)30M6.5Ve14.78[1]16.98[1]?08h 29m 49.5s+26° 46′ 37″0.275 80(3 00)″[6]11.826(129)
19Tau Ceti (BD−16°295)31G8Vp[1]3.49[1]5.68[1]5,34401h 44m 04.1s−15° 56′ 15″0.274 39(0 76)″[6][7]11.887(33)
20GJ 1061 (LHS 1565)32M5.5V[1]13.09[1]15.26[1]?03h 35m 59.7s−44° 30′ 45″0.272 01(1 30)″[15]11.991(57)[16][17]
21YZ Ceti (LHS 138)33M4.5V[1]12.02[1]14.17[1]?01h 12m 30.6s−16° 59′ 56″0.268 84(2 95)″[6][7]12.132(133)
22Luyten's Star (BD+05°1668)34M3.5Vn9.86[1]11.97[1]?07h 27m 24.5s+05° 13′ 33″0.263 76(1 25)″[6][7]12.366(59)
23Teegarden's star (SO025300.5+165258)35M6.5V15.14[1]17.22[1]?02h 53m 00.9s+16° 52′ 53″0.260 63(2 69)″[15]12.514(129)[17]
24SCR 1845-6357SCR 1845-6357 A36M8.5V[1]17.3919.41?18h 45m 05.3s−63° 57′ 48″0.259 45(1 11)″[15]12.571(54)[17]
SCR 1845-6357 B36T6[18]??950[18]18h 45m 02.6s−63° 57′ 52″
25Kapteyn's Star (CD−45°1841)38M1.5V[1]8.84[1]10.87[1]3,80005h 11m 40.6s−45° 01′ 06″0.255 27(0 86)″[6][7]12.777(43)
26Lacaille 8760 (AX Microscopii)39M0.0V[1]6.67[1]8.69[1]3,34021h 17m 15.3s−38° 52′ 03″0.253 43(1 12)″[6][7]12.870(57)
27Kruger 60
(BD+56°2783)
Kruger 60 A40M3.0V[1]9.79[1]11.76[1]3,18022h 27m 59.5s+57° 41′ 45″0.248 06(1 39)″[6][9]13.149(74)
Kruger 60 B (DO Cephei)40M4.0V[1]11.41[1]13.38[1]2,890
28DEN 1048-395642M8.5V[1]17.39[1]19.37[1]?10h 48m 14.7s−39° 56′ 06″0.247 71(1 55)″[15]13.167(82)[19][20]
29Ross 614
(V577 Monocerotis, GJ 234)
Ross 614A (LHS 1849)43M4.5V[1]11.15[1]13.09[1]?06h 29m 23.4s−02° 48′ 50″0.244 34(2 01)″[6][9]13.349(110)
Ross 614B (LHS 1850)43M5.5V14.23[1]16.17[1]?
30Wolf 1061 (GJ 628, BD−12°4523)45M3.0V[1]10.07[1]11.93[1]?16h 30m 18.1s−12° 39′ 45″0.236 01(1 67)″[6][7]13.820(98)
31Van Maanen's star (GJ 35, LHS 7)46DZ7[1]12.38[1]14.21[1]?00h 49m 09.9s+05° 23′ 19″0.231 88(1 79)″[6][7]14.066(109)
32Gliese 1 (CD−37°15492)47M3.0V[1]8.55[1]10.35[1]?00h 05m 24.4s−37° 21′ 27″0.229 20(1 07)″[6][7]14.231(66)
33Wolf 424
(FL Virginis, LHS 333, GJ 473)
Wolf 424 A48M5.5Ve13.18[1]14.97[1]?12h 33m 17.2s+09° 01′ 15″0.227 90(4 60)″ [6]14.312(289)
Wolf 424 B48M7Ve13.17[1]14.96[1]?
34TZ Arietis (GJ 83.1, Luyten 1159-16)50M4.5V[1]12.27[1]14.03[1]?02h 00m 13.2s+13° 03′ 08″0.224 80(2 90)″[6]14.509(187)
35GJ 687 (LHS 450, BD+68°946)51M3.0V[1]9.17[1]10.89[1]?17h 36m 25.9s+68° 20′ 21″0.220 49(0 82)″[6][7]14.793(55)
36LHS 292 (LP 731-58)52M6.5V[1]15.60[1]17.32[1]?10h 48m 12.6s−11° 20′ 14″0.220 30(3 60)″[6]14.805(242)
37GJ 674 (LHS 449)53M3.0V[1]9.38[1]11.09[1]?17h 28m 39.9s−46° 53′ 43″0.220 25(1 59)″[6][7]14.809(107)có 1 hành tinh
38GJ 1245GJ 1245 A54M5.5V[1]13.46[1]15.17[1]?19h 53m 54.2s+44° 24′ 55″0.220 20(1 00)″[6]14.812(67)
GJ 1245 B54M6.0V[1]14.01[1]15.72[1]?19h 53m 55.2s+44° 24′ 56″
GJ 1245 C54M?16.75[1]18.46[1]?19h 53m 54.2s+44° 24′ 55″
39GJ 440 (WD 1142-645)57DQ6[1]11.50[1]13.18[1]7,50011h 45m 42.9s−64° 50′ 29″0.216 57(2 01)″[6][7]15.060(140)
40GJ 100258M5.5V[1]13.76[1]15.40[1]?00h 06m 43.8s−07° 32′ 22″0.213 00(3 60)″[6]15.313(259)
41Gliese 876 (Ross 780)59M3.5V[1]10.17[1]11.81[1]3,48022h 53m 16.7s−14° 15′ 49″0.212 59(1 96)″[6][7]15.342(141)có 3 hành tinh
42LHS 288 (Luyten 143-23)60M5.5V[1]13.90[1]15.51[1]?10h 44m 21.2s−61° 12′ 36″0.208 95(2 73)″[15]15.610(204)[17]
43GJ 412GJ 412 A61M1.0V[1]8.77[1]10.34[1]?11h 05m 28.6s+43° 31′ 36″0.206 02(1 08)″[6][7]15.832(83)
GJ 412 B (WX Ursae Majoris)61M5.5V[1]14.48[1]16.05[1]?11h 05m 30.4s+43° 31′ 18″
44Groombridge 1618 (GJ 380)63K7.0V[1]6.59[1]8.16[1]4,00010h 11m 22.1s+49° 27′ 15″0.205 81(0 67)″[6][7]15.848(52)
45GJ 38864M3.0V[1]9.32[1]10.87[1]?10h 19m 36.4s+19° 52′ 10″0.204 60(2 80)″[6]15.942(218)
46Gliese 83265M3.0V[1]8.66[1]10.20[1]?21h 33m 34.0s−49° 00′ 32″0.202 78(1 32)″[6][7]16.085(105)có 1 hành tinh
47LP 944-02066M9.0V[1]18.50[1]20.02[1]?03h 39m 35.2s−35° 25′ 41″0.201 40(4 20)″[21]16.195(338)
48DEN 0255-470067L7.5V[1]22.92[1]24.44[1]?02h 55m 03.7s−47° 00′ 52″0.201 37(3 89)″[15]16.197(313)[20]
Parallax margin of error overlaps 0.200″
49GJ 68268M4.5V[1]10.95[1]12.45[1]?17h 37m 03.7s−44° 19′ 09″0.199 65(2 30)″[6][7]16.337(188)
#Hệ thống saoSaoSao #Phân loại saoCấp sao biểu kiến (mV)Cấp sao tuyệt đối (MV)Nhiệt độ hiệu lực Teff
theo K (±err)
Xích kinh[1]Xích vĩ[1]Thị sai[1][2]
Giây cung(±err)
Khoảng cách[3]
Light-years (±err)
Additional
references
Danh phápKNTV J2000.0

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