Kị sĩ Bàn Tròn

Hội Bàn Tròn; The Round Table
	Vua Arthur và hội Bàn Tròn.
Xuất hiện trong Truyền thuyết Arthur
Xuất hiện lần đầu	Roman de Brut
Tác giả	Wace
Loại	Huyền ảo
Thông tin trong tác phẩm
Thể loại	Chiếc bàn hư cấu
Người sở hữu	Vua Arthur

Kị sĩ Bàn Tròn (tiếng Anh: Knights of the Round Table) là một tập hợp của 28 nhân vật phò tá vua Arthur đi tìm Chén Thánh.

Lịch sử

Khi du hành tới Camylard, Arthur lần đầu tiên gặp Guinevere - ái nữ của vua Lodegrean. Guinevere là công chúa có nhan sắc tuyệt trần tựa nữ thần vậy. Arthur và Guinevere yêu nhau đắm đuối ngay từ cái nhìn đầu tiên. Nhưng thêm lần nữa, Merlin nhìn thấy những điểm tối quanh số phận Arthur và cảnh báo rằng sau này chính Guinevere là nguyên nhân gây nên sự suy vong của vương quốc, cũng như thị rồi sẽ phản bội vua. Nhưng tình yêu của họ quá sâu đậm và mù quáng lúc đó khiến Arthur bỏ ngoài tai những lời răn đe của thầy phù thủy, quyết định cưới Guinevere và phong làm vương hậu Anh Quốc.

Không còn cách nào khác, Merlin đành chấp thuận và sắp xếp đám cưới cho họ. Trong cái ngày trọng đại, Lodegrean tặng quà cưới cho Arthur và vương hậu là chiếc bàn tròn có 150 chỗ và thêm 100 kị sĩ để trợ giúp nhà vua. Chiếc bàn tròn đó được xem là biểu tượng cho sự đoàn kết, toàn vẹn và trường cửu của Arthur cùng các kị sĩ của ngài.

Liệt biểu

Danh tính các nhân vật truyền thuyết Arthur vốn tồn tại cả ở dạng khẩu truyền và thành văn nên chưa có thống kê chính xác về số lượng cách gọi. Trong giới hạn Wikipedia, chuẩn mực tạm dùng là Anh ngữ.

Nhân số kị sĩ Hội Bàn Tròn thay đổi trong từng thập niên, dưới đây là thống kê tương đối các nhân vật trọng tâm, gồm tôn xưng Sir (tôn ông) và nguyên danh.

Đoàn Trác huynh đệ (Đoàn kị sĩ Bàn Tròn)
Nguyên danh	Biệt danh	Nguồn gốc	Tác phẩm	Tạp chú
Accolon	Sir Accolon of Gaul	Post-Vulgate Cycle, c. 13th century	Le Morte d'Arthur	Loved by Morgan le Fay, accidentally killed in a duel by Arthur.
Aglovale	Agloval, Sir Aglovale de Galis		The Life of Sir Aglovale de Galis	King Pellinore's eldest son.
Agravain	Agravaine		Lancelot-Grail, Le Morte d'Arthur	Second son of King Lot (of either Lothian hoặc Orkney) and Arthur's sister Morgause.
Arthur	Arthur Pendragon, Arturus, King Arthur	Y Gododdin, c. 7th century	Many	High King of the Britons, ruler of Logres and lord of Camelot.
Bagdemagus			Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart, 1170s	Meleagant's father and ruler of Gorre.
Bedivere	(Welsh: Bedwyr, French: Bédoier) Bedevere	Pa Gur yv y Porthaur, c. 10th century	Vita Cadoc, Culhwch and Olwen, Stanzas of the Graves, Welsh Triads, Historia Regum Britanniae, Le Morte d'Arthur, numerous others	Returns Excalibur to the Lady of the Lake; brother to Lucan.
Bors the Younger				Son of Bors the Elder, father of Elyan the White; Arthur's successor in some versions.
Brunor	Breunor le Noir, La Cote Male Taile ("The Badly-shaped Coat")			Knight who wears his murdered father's coat; brother of Dinadan and Daniel.
Cador	(Latin: Cadorius)		Historia Regum Britanniae, The Dream of Rhonabwy	Raised Guinevere as her ward, father to Constantine; described in some works as Arthur's cousin.
Calogrenant	Colgrevance	Yvain, the Knight of the Lion, 1170s	Le Morte d'Arthur	Cousin to Sir Yvain.
Caradoc	(Latin: Caractacus) (Welsh: Caradog Freichfras, meaning Caradoc Strong Arm) (French: Carados Briefbras) (English: Carados of Scotland)		Perceval, the Story of the Grail, the Mabinogion	Rebelled against Arthur when he first became king, but later supported him. Sometimes two characters: Caradoc the Elder (a king) and Caradoc the Younger (a knight).
Claudin			Lancelot-Grail, Le Morte d'Arthur	Virtuous son of the villain king Claudas.
Constantine III of Britain		Historia Regum Britanniae, c. 1136	Le Morte d'Arthur	Arthur's cousin and successor to his throne; Cador's son.
Dagonet				Arthur's court jester.
Daniel von Blumenthal		Daniel von Blumenthal, 1220		Knight found in an early German offshoot of Arthurian legend.
Dinadan		Prose Tristan, 1230s	Le Morte d'Arthur	Son of Sir Brunor the Senior.
Ector	Hector, Antor, Ectorius	Lancelot-Grail, early 13th century	Le Morte d'Arthur	Raises Arthur according to Merlin's command; father to Kay.
Elyan the White	(French: Helyan le Blanc)			Son of Bors
Erec		Unclear; first literary appearance as Erec in Erec and Enide, c. 1170	See Geraint and Enid	Son of King Lac.
Esclabor				Exiled Saracen king; father of Palamedes, Safir, and Segwarides.
Feirefiz		Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival, early 13th century		Half-brother to Percival; Arthur's nephew.
Gaheris			Le Morte d'Arthur	Son of King Lot and Morgause, brother to Gawain, Agravaine, and Gareth, and half-brother to Mordred.
Galahad		Lancelot-Grail, early 13th century	Post-Vulgate Cycle, Le Morte d'Arthur	Bastard son of Sir Lancelot and Elaine of Corbenic; the main achiever of the Holy Grail.
Galehault	Galehalt, Galehaut	Lancelot-Grail, early 13th century		A half-giant foreign king, a former enemy of Arthur who becomes close to Lancelot.
Galeschin	Galeshin	The Vulgate Cycle		Son of Elaine of Garlot and King Nentres; nephew of Arthur.
Gareth	Beaumains		Le Morte d'Arthur, Idylls of the King	Also a son of King Lot and Morgause; in love with Lyonesse.
Gawain	(Latin: Walwanus, Welsh: Gwalchmai, Irish: Balbhuaidh)	Culhwch and Olwen, c. 11th century	Conte du Graal, Lancelot-Grail cycle, Prose Tristan,Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Le Morte d'Arthur and many short Middle English romances	Another son of King Lot and Morgause; father of Gingalain.
Geraint			Geraint and Enid	Enid's lover.
Gingalain	Guinglain, Gingalin, Gliglois, Wigalois, etc., also Le Bel Inconnu, or The Fair Unknown		Le Bel Inconnu	Gawain's son.
Gornemant	Gurnemanz	Perceval, the Story of the Grail	Parzival	Mentor of Perceval.
Griflet	Girflet, Jaufre		Jaufré	A cousin to Lucan and Bedivere.
Hector de Maris	Ector de Maris		Quest du Saint Graal (Vulgate Cycle)	Half-brother of Lancelot, son of King Ban; Bors and Lionel are his cousins.
Hoel	(Welsh: Howel, Hywel)		The Dream of Rhonabwy, Geraint and Enid	Son of King Budic of Brittany; father to St. Tudwal.
Kay	(Welsh: Cai, Latin: Caius)	Pa Gur yv y porthaur? 10th century	Many	Ector's son, foster brother to Arthur.
Lamorak		Prose Tristan, c. 1235	Lancelot-Grail Cycle	Son of King Pellinore, brother to Tor, Aglovale, Percival, and Dindrane; lover of Morgause.
Lancelot	Lancelot du Lac, Lancelot of the Lake, Launcelot	Erec and Enide, c. 1170	Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart, Lancelot-Grail, many others	Son of King Ban from France, most famous for his affair with Queen Guinevere, father of Galahad; most prominent Knight of the Round Table in later romances.
Lanval	Landevale, Launfal, Lambewell	Marie de France's Lanval, late 12th century	Sir Landevale, Sir Launfal, Sir Lambewell	Enemy of Guinevere.
Leodegrance	Leondegrance			Guinevere's father, King of Cameliard.
Lionel			Lancelot-Grail, early 13th century	Son of King Bors of Gaunnes (or Gaul) and brother of Bors the Younger.
Lucan	Sir Lucan the Butler		Le Morte d'Arthur	Servant to King Arthur; Bedivere's brother, Griflet's cousin.
Maleagant	Malagant, Meleagant, perhaps Melwas	Unclear, a similar character named "Melwas" appears in the 12th century Life of Gildas	Lancelot-Grail, Post-Vulgate Cycle, Le Morte d'Arthur	Abductor of Guinevere.
Mordred	Modred (Welsh: Medrawd, Latin: Medraut)	Annales Cambriae, c. 970	Many	In the Round Table stories, Arthur's illegitimate son through Morgause.
Morholt	Marhalt, Morold, Marhaus	Tristan poems of Béroul and Thomas of Britain, 12th century	Tristan poems of Eilhart von Oberge, Gottfried von Strassburg, Prose Tristan, Post-Vulgate Cycle, Le Morte d'Arthur	Irish knight, rival of Tristan and uncle of Iseult.
Morien	Moriaen	Dutch romance Morien, 13th century		Half-Moorish son of Aglovale.
Palamedes				Saracen, Son of King Esclabor, brother of Safir and Segwarides.
Pelleas	Pellias	Post-Vulgate Cycle, 1230s	Le Morte d'Arthur	In love with Ettarre, later lover of Nimue.
Pellinore			Lancelot-Grail, Post-Vulgate Cycle	King of Listenoise and friend to Arthur.
Percival	(Welsh: Peredur) Perceval, Parzifal	As Percival, Erec and Enide, c. 1170	Perceval, the Story of the Grail, Lancelot-Grail, many	Achiever of the Holy Grail; King Pellinore's son in some tales.
Safir			Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur, Prose Tristan	Son to King Esclabor; brother of Segwarides and Palamedes.
Sagramore	Sagramor		Lancelot-Grail, Post-Vulgate Cycle, Prose Tristan, Le Morte d'Arthur	Ubiquitous Knight of the Round Table; various stories and origins are given for him.
Segwarides			Le Morte d'Arthur, Prose Tristan	Son of Esclabor; brother of Safir and Palamedes.
Tor			Le Morte d'Arthur	Son of King Ars, adopted by Pellinore.
Tristan	(Latin/Brythonic: Drustanus; Welsh: Drystan; Portuguese: Tristão; Spanish: Tristán) Tristran, Tristram, etc.	Beroul's Roman de Tristan	The two Folies Tristans, Marie de France's Chevrefeuil, Eilhart von Oberge, Gottfried von Strassburg, Prose Tristan, Post-Vulgate Cycle, Le Morte d'Arthur	King Mark's son or relative, Iseult's lover.
Urien	Uriens	Historical figure	Welsh Triads	King of Rheged (or Gorre), father of Yvain (Owain mab Urien) and husband of Morgan le Fay.
Yvain	(Welsh: Owain) Ywain, Ewain or Uwain	Based on the historical figure Owain mab Urien	Historia Brittonum, Yvain, the Knight of the Lion	King Urien's son.
Yvain the Bastard	Ywain the Adventurous, Uwain le Avoutres			Urien's illegitimate son.

There have been furthermore many others, generally more or less obscure. For instance, Malory's own original^[1] episode "Healing of Sir Urry" in the Winchester Manuscript of Le Morte d'Arthur lists also (in addition to many of the above) the following:^[2]

King Anguish of Ireland
Earl Aristance
Sir Azreal
Sir Arrok
Sir Ascamore
Sir Balan (brother of Sir Balin, whom he killed by accident in a duel in which both wore helmets and did not know who they were fighting)
Sir Barrant le Apres (also known as the King With the Hundred Knights)
Sir Bellenger le Beau
Sir Belliance le Orgulous
Sir Blamor de Ganis (brother of Bleoberis)
Sir Bleoberis de Ganis
Sir Bohart le Cure Hardy (one of King Arthur's sons)
Sir Brandiles
Sir Brian de Listinoise
Sir Cardok
Duke Chalance of Clarence
King Clariance of Northumberland
Sir Clarus of Cleremont
Sir Clegis
Sir Clodrus
Sir Crosslem
Sir Damas (reformed co-conspirator of Morgan in the Accolon-Excalibur plot)
Sir Degrave sans Villainy (fought with the giant of the Black Lowe)
Sir Degrevant
Sir Dinas le Seneschal de Cornwall
Sir Dinas
Sir Dodinas le Savage
Sir Dornar
Sir Drian
Sir Edward of Orkney
Sir Epinogris (son of King Clariance of Northumberland)
Sir Fergus
Sir Florence (son of Gawain by Sir Brandiles' sister)
Sir Gahalantine
Sir Galihodin (not Galehaut, but see Galehaut)
Sir Galleron of Galway
Sir Gauter
Sir Gillimer
Sir Grummor Grummorson
Sir Gumret le Petit
Sir Harry le Fils Lake
Sir Hebes (not Hebes le Renowne)
Sir Hebes le Renowne
Sir Hectimere
Sir Herminde
Sir Hervis de la Forest Savage
Sir Ironside (Knight of the Red Launds)
Sir Kay l'Estrange (not Kay, Arthur's seneschal)
Earl Lambaile
Sir Lambegus
Sir Lamiel
Sir Lavain (son of Barnard of Ascolat)
Sir Lovell (another son of Gawain by Sir Brandiles' sister)
Sir Mador de la Porte (brother of Gaheris of Karahau)
Sir Marrok (whose wife turned him into a werewolf)
Sir Melias de l'Isle
Sir Melion of the Mountain
Sir Meliot de Logris
Sir Menaduke
Sir Morganor
King Nentres of Garlot
Sir Neroveus
Sir Ozanna le Cure Hardy
Sir Perimones (brother to Persant and Pertolepe; called the Red Knight)
Sir Persant
Sir Pertolepe
Sir Petipace of Winchelsea
Sir Plaine de Fors
Sir Plenorius
Sir Priamus
Sir Reynold
Sir Sadok
Sir Selises of the Dolorous Tower
Sir Sentrail
Sir Severause le Breuse (known for rejecting battles with men in favour of giants, dragons, and wild beasts)
Sir Suppinabiles
Earl Ulbawes
Sir Urry
Sir Villiars the Valiant

Conversely, the Winchester Round Table features only the knights Sirs Alynore (Alymere), Bedwere (Bedivere), Blubtlrys (Bleoberis), Bors De Ganys (Bors de Ganis), Brumear (Brunor le Noir), Dagonet, Degore, Ectorde Marys (Ector de Maris), Galahallt (Galahault or Galahad), Garethe (Gareth), Gauen (Gawain), Kay, Lamorak, Launcelot Deulake (Lancelot du Lac), Lacotemale Tayle (La Cote Male Taile), Lucane (Lucan), Lybyus Dysconyus (Le Bel Desconneu), Lyonell (Lionel), Mordrede (Mordred), Plomyde (Palomedes), Pelleus (Pelleas), Percyvale (Percival), Safer (Safir), and Trystram Delyens (Tristram de Lyones) for the total of merely 24 (not counting Arthur).^[3]

Xem thêm

Tham khảo

Tài liệu

Bromwich, Rachel (2006). Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain. University Of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-1386-8.
Geoffrey of Monmouth; Thorpe, Lewis (1988). The History of the Kings of Britain. New York: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-044170-0.
Lacy, Norris J. (ed.) (1991). The New Arthurian Encyclopedia. New York: Garland. ISBN 0-8240-4377-4.
Loomis, Roger S. (1959). "Arthurian Influence on Sport and Spectacle". Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages. Oxford.
Padel, O. J. (2000). Arthur in Medieval Welsh Literature. University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-1689-1.
Rouse, Robert; and Cory Rushton (2005). The Medieval Quest for Arthur. Tempus, Stroud. ISBN 0-7524-3343-1.
Thomas, Charles (1953). “Folklore from a Northern Henge Monument”. Folklore. 64 (3): 427–429. doi:10.1080/0015587x.1953.9717383. JSTOR 1256826.

Liên kết ngoài

[1]

[2]

[3]

Search