1810–11 United States Senate elections

1810–11 United States Senate elections
11 of the 34 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections); 18 seats needed for a majority
	Results:; Federalist hold Dem-Republican hold; Legislature Failed To Elect
Majority Party before election; ; Democratic-Republican	Elected Majority Party ; ; Democratic-Republican

The 1810–11 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1810 and 1811, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.^[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2.

The Democratic-Republican Party maintained their Senate majority. The minority Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (8 out of 34, or 23.5%) that, had they won all of the elections, they would still not have reached a majority.

Change in composition

Before the elections

Composition after June 1810 special election in New Hampshire.

DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇
Majority →									DR₁₈ Ga. Ran
F₈ Mass. Ran	DR₂₆ Va. Ran	DR₂₅ Tenn. Ran	DR₂₄ S.C. Retired	DR₂₃ R.I. Unknown	DR₂₂ N.C. Ran	DR₂₁ N.J. Ran	DR₂₀ N.H. Ran	DR₁₉ Ky. Retired	DR₁₈ Ga. Ran
F₇ Del. Ran	F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Result of the regular elections

DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₈	DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇
Majority →									DR₁₈ Ga. Re-elected
V₁ Mass. F Loss	DR₂₆ Va. Re-elected	DR₂₅ Tenn. Re-elected	DR₂₄ S.C. Hold	DR₂₃ R.I. Hold	DR₂₂ N.C. Re-elected	DR₂₁ N.J. Re-elected	DR₂₀ N.H. Re-elected	DR₁₉ Ky. Hold	DR₁₈ Ga. Re-elected
F₇ Del. Re-elected	F₆	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Key

DR_#	Democratic-Republican
F_#	Federalist
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Except if/when noted, number following candidates is whole number votes.

Special elections during the 11th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1810 or before March 4, 1811; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Delaware (Class 1)	Samuel White	Federalist	1796 (special) 1801 (Appointed) 1803 1809	Incumbent died November 4, 1809. New senator elected January 12, 1810. Federalist hold.	▌ Y Outerbridge Horsey (Federalist) 27 ▌Blank 1^[2]
New Hampshire (Class 3)	Nahum Parker	Democratic-Republican	1807	Incumbent resigned June 1, 1810. New senator elected June 21, 1810. Federalist gain.	▌ Y Charles Cutts (Federalist)^[a] 99 ▌Thomas W. Thompson (Federalist) 73 ▌Jedediah K. Smith (Democratic-Republican) 4 ▌Oliver Peabody (Federalist) 2 ▌Isaac Hill (Democratic-Republican) 1 ▌Nay 5^[3]
Connecticut (Class 1)	James Hillhouse	Federalist	1796 (special) 1797 1803 1809	Incumbent resigned June 10, 1810. New senator elected June 1810. Federalist hold.	▌ Y Samuel W. Dana (Federalist) 137 ▌Asa Spalding (Democratic-Republican) 19^[4]^[5]
Ohio (Class 1)	Return J. Meigs Jr.	Democratic-Republican	1808 (special) 1808	Incumbent resigned December 8, 1810, to become Governor of Ohio. New senator elected December 15, 1810 on the sixth ballot. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌ Y Thomas Worthington (Democratic-Republican) 35 ▌Samuel Huntington (Democratic-Republican) 31 ▌James Pritchard (Democratic-Republican) 2 ▌George Tod Eliminated ▌John Bigger (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated ▌Thomas Kirker (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated ▌Thomas Morris (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated ▌James Caldwell (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated^[6]^[7]
South Carolina (Class 2)	Thomas Sumter	Democratic-Republican	1801 (special) 1809	Incumbent resigned December 16, 1810. New senator elected December 18, 1810 on the third ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner also elected to the next term, see below.	▌ Y John Taylor (Democratic-Republican) 83 ▌Joseph Alston (Democratic-Republican) 74^[8]

Races leading to the 12th Congress

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1811 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Delaware	James A. Bayard	Federalist	1804 (special) 1805	Incumbent re-elected January 8, 1811.	▌ Y James A. Bayard (Federalist) 17 ▌James Tilton (Democratic-Republican) 9^[9]
Georgia	William H. Crawford	Democratic-Republican	1807 (special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1810 or 1811.	▌ Y William H. Crawford (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Kentucky	Henry Clay	Democratic-Republican	1810 (Appointed)	Appointee retired to run for U.S. House of Representatives. New senator elected January 8, 1811. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌ Y George M. Bibb (Democratic-Republican) 77 ▌Christopher Greenup (Democratic-Republican) 20 ▌Matthew Lyon (Democratic-Republican) 0^[10]
Massachusetts	Timothy Pickering	Federalist	1803 (special) 1805	Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect due to partisan deadlock in the Massachusetts Senate. Federalist loss.	▌Timothy Pickering (Federalist) ▌Joseph B. Varnum (Democratic-Republican) ▌William King (Democratic-Republican) ▌Richard Cutts (Democratic-Republican) ▌Perez Morton ▌Josiah Quincy III (Federalist) ▌Joseph Sprague^[11]^[12]
New Hampshire	Nicholas Gilman	Democratic-Republican	1804	Incumbent re-elected June 21, 1810, on the fourth ballot.	▌ Y Nicholas Gilman (Democratic-Republican) ▌Jedediah K. Smith (Democratic-Republican) 78 ▌Charles Cutts (Democratic-Republican)^[a] 1 ▌Oliver Peabody (Federalist) 1 ▌Nay 1^[13]
New Jersey	John Condit	Democratic-Republican	1803 (Appointed) 1803 (special) 1809 (Lost) 1809 (Appointed) 1809 (special)	Incumbent re-elected November 5, 1810.	▌ Y John Condit (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed^[14]
North Carolina	James Turner	Democratic-Republican	1804	Incumbent re-elected November 28, 1810, on the third vote.	▌ Y James Turner (Democratic-Republican) 106 ▌David Stone (Democratic-Republican) 83 ▌Blank 1 ▌Benjamin Smith (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated ▌Thomas Davis Eliminated^[15]
Rhode Island	Elisha Mathewson	Democratic-Republican	1807 (special)	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected November 2, 1810. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌ Y Jeremiah B. Howell (Democratic-Republican) 42 ▌James Burrill Jr. (Federalist) 41^[16]
South Carolina	Thomas Sumter	Democratic-Republican	1801 (special) 1809	Incumbent resigned December 16, 1810. New senator elected December 18, 1810, on the third ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner also elected to finish the current term, see above.	▌ Y John Taylor (Democratic-Republican) 83 ▌Joseph Alston (Democratic-Republican) 74^[8]
Tennessee	Jenkin Whiteside	Democratic-Republican	1809 (special)	Incumbent re-elected early October 28, 1809.	▌ Y Jenkin Whiteside (Democratic-Republican) 39 Unopposed^[17]
Virginia	William B. Giles	Democratic-Republican	1804 (Appointed) 1804 (special) 1804	Incumbent re-elected January 2, 1811.	▌ Y William B. Giles (Democratic-Republican) 123 ▌Scattering 15^[18]

Special elections during the 12th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1811 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Massachusetts (Class 2)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect, see above. New senator elected late June 6, 1811 on the second ballot. Democratic-Republican gain.	▌ Y Joseph Varnum (Democratic-Republican) 341 ▌Timothy Pickering (Federalist) 267^[19]
Tennessee (Class 2)	Jenkin Whiteside	Democratic-Republican	1809 (special)	Incumbent resigned October 8, 1811. New senator elected October 1, 1811. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌ Y George W. Campbell (Democratic-Republican) 38 Unopposed^[20]
Rhode Island (Class 1)	Christopher G. Champlin	Federalist	1809 (special)	Incumbent resigned October 12, 1811. New senator elected October 28, 1811. Federalist hold.	▌ Y William Hunter (Federalist) Unanimous^[21]

Connecticut (special)

Delaware

Delaware (regular)

Delaware (special)

Georgia

Kentucky

Massachusetts

Massachusetts (regular)

Massachusetts (special)

New Hampshire

New Hampshire (regular)

New Hampshire (special)

New Jersey

North Carolina

Ohio (special)

Rhode Island

Rhode Island (regular)

Rhode Island (special)

South Carolina

South Carolina (regular)

South Carolina (special)

Tennessee

Tennessee (regular)

Tennessee (special)

Virginia

Notes

References

External links

Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov

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