1812–13 United States Senate elections

1812–13 United States Senate elections
12 of the 36 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections); 19 seats needed for a majority
	Results:; Federalist hold Federalist gain; Dem-Republican hold Dem-Republican gain; Legislature Failed To Elect
Majority Party before election; ; Democratic-Republican	Elected Majority Party ; ; Democratic-Republican

The 1812–13 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with President James Madison's re-election. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1812 and 1813, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.^[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.

The Democratic-Republican Party lost two seats but still retained an overwhelming Senate majority. As in recent elections, the minority Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (6 out of 36, or 16.7%) that if they had won every one of the elections, they would still not have controlled a majority.

Change in composition

Before the elections

Composition after September 1812 elections in the new state of Louisiana.

DR₈	DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇	DR₁₈
Majority →									DR₁₉
DR₂₈ Pa. Retired	DR₂₇ Ohio Retired	DR₂₆ N.C. Retired	DR₂₅ Ky. Retired	DR₂₄ Md. Unknown	DR₂₃ La. Unknown	DR₂₂ S.C. Ran	DR₂₁ N.Y. Ran	DR₂₀ Ga. Ran	DR₁₉
DR₂₉ Vt. Retired	F₇ N.H. Ran	F₆ Conn. Ran	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Result of the regular elections

DR₈	DR₇	DR₆	DR₅	DR₄	DR₃	DR₂	DR₁
DR₉	DR₁₀	DR₁₁	DR₁₂	DR₁₃	DR₁₄	DR₁₅	DR₁₆	DR₁₇	DR₁₈
Majority →									DR₁₉
V₁ Md. DR Loss	DR₂₇ S.C. Re-elected	DR₂₆ Ga. Re-elected	DR₂₅ Vt. Hold	DR₂₄ Pa. Hold	DR₂₃ Ohio Hold	DR₂₂ N.C. Hold	DR₂₁ La. Hold	DR₂₀ Ky. Hold	DR₁₉
V₂ N.H. F Loss	F₆ N.Y. Gain	F₅ Conn. Re-elected	F₅	F₄	F₃	F₂	F₁

Key:

DR_#	Democratic-Republican
F_#	Federalist
V_#	Vacant

Race summaries

Special elections during the 12th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1812 or before March 4, 1813; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Louisiana (Class 2)	New seat			Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812. Inaugural senator elected September 3, 1812. Democratic-Republican gain.	▌ Y Jean Destréhan (Democratic-Republican) 21 ▌ Y Allan Magruder (Democratic-Republican) 21 ▌James Brown (Democratic-Republican) 16 ▌Eligius Fromentin (Democratic-Republican) 5 ▌Livingston 3^[2]
Louisiana (Class 3)	New seat			Louisiana was admitted to the Union on April 30, 1812. Inaugural senator elected September 3, 1812. Democratic-Republican gain.
Louisiana (Class 2)	Thomas Posey	Democratic- Republican	1812 (Appointed)	Jean Destréhan had resigned October 1, 1812 without having qualified. Interim successor appointed October 8, 1812. Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected February 4, 1813 on the second ballot. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌ Y James Brown (Democratic-Republican) 26 ▌Thomas Posey (Democratic-Republican) 14 ▌Fulwar Skipwith Eliminated^[3]

Races leading to the 13th Congress

In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1813 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Connecticut	Chauncey Goodrich	Federalist	1807 (special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1813.	▌ Y Chauncey Goodrich (Federalist) [data missing]
Georgia	Charles Tait	Democratic- Republican	1809 (special)	Incumbent re-elected in 1813.	▌ Y Charles Tait (Democratic-Republican) [data missing]
Kentucky	John Pope	Democratic- Republican	1806	Incumbent retired. New senator elected January 12, 1813 on the third ballot. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌ Y Jesse Bledsoe (Democratic-Republican) 56 ▌Stephen Ormsby (Democratic-Republican) 51 ▌Anthony Butler Eliminated ▌Isham Talbot (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated^[4]
Louisiana	Allan B. Magruder	Democratic- Republican	1812	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1813. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌ Y Eligius Fromentin (Democratic-Republican) 25 ▌Thomas Posey (Democratic-Republican) 13 ▌Richard Butler 6 ▌Blank^[5]
Maryland	Philip Reed	Democratic- Republican	1806 (special) 1806	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic-Republican loss.	[data missing]
New Hampshire	Charles Cutts	Federalist	1810 (special)	Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect after 12 ballots. Federalist loss.	▌Jedediah Kilburn Smith (Democratic-Republican) 89 ▌John Goddard 83 ▌Charles Cutts (Federalist) 3 ▌David L. Morril (Democratic-Republican) 1^[6]
New York	John Smith	Democratic- Republican	1804 (special) 1807	Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 2, 1813. Federalist gain.	▌ Y Rufus King (Federalist) 51.5% ▌James W. Wilkin (Democratic-Republican) 46.2% ▌John Smith (Democratic-Republican) 2.3%^[7]
North Carolina	Jesse Franklin	Democratic- Republican	1799 1804 (Lost) 1806	Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1812. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌ Y David Stone (Democratic-Republican) 100 ▌A.D. Murphy (Democratic-Republican) 83 ▌Thomas Davis (Democratic-Republican) 12^[8]
Ohio	Alexander Campbell	Democratic- Republican	1809 (special)	Incumbent retired. New senator elected February 6, 1813. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌ Y Jeremiah Morrow (Democratic-Republican) 63 ▌Calvin Pease 18^[9]
Pennsylvania	Andrew Gregg	Democratic- Republican	1806	Incumbent retired. New senator elected December 8, 1812. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌ Y Abner Lacock (Democratic-Republican) 63 ▌Daniel Montgomery Jr. (Democratic-Republican) 26 ▌James Brady (Independent) 22 ▌Isaac Weaver (Democratic-Republican) 6 ▌Not voting 5^[10]
South Carolina	John Gaillard	Democratic- Republican	1804 (special) 1806	Incumbent re-elected in late 1812.^[11]	▌ Y John Gaillard (Democratic-Republican) 118 ▌Henry Middleton (Democratic-Republican) 37 ▌James Gowdy 1^[11]
Vermont	Stephen R. Bradley	Democratic- Republican	1791 1795 (Lost) 1801 (special) 1806	Incumbent retired. New senator elected October 21, 1812. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌ Y Dudley Chase (Democratic-Republican) ▌Royall Tyler (Democratic-Republican) 94 ▌Scattering 4^[12]

Special elections during the 13th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1813 after March 4; ordered by election date.

State	Incumbent			Results	Candidates
State	Senator	Party	Electoral history	Results	Candidates
Massachusetts (Class 1)	James Lloyd (F)	Federalist	1808 (special) 1808	Resigned May 1, 1813. New senator elected May 5, 1813. Federalist hold.	▌ Y Christopher Gore (Federalist) 381 ▌William King (Democratic-Republican) 10 ▌Scattering 102^[13]
Connecticut (Class 3)	Chauncey Goodrich	Federalist	1807 (special) 1812	Incumbent resigned May 13, 1813 to become Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut. New senator elected May 13, 1813. Federalist hold.	▌ Y David Daggett (Federalist) [data missing]
Maryland (Class 3)	Vacant			Legislature had failed to elect. New senator elected May 21, 1813. Federalist gain.	▌ Y Robert Henry Goldsborough (Federalist) 53 ▌Edward Lloyd (Democratic-Republican) 35^[14]
Delaware (Class 2)	James A. Bayard	Federalist	1804 (special) 1805 1811	Resigned March 3, 1813. New senator elected May 21, 1813. Federalist hold.	▌ Y William H. Wells (Federalist) 14 ▌George Monro (Democratic-Republican) 10 ▌Richard Bassett (Federalist) 1^[15]
New Hampshire (Class 3)	Charles Cutts	Federalist	1810 (special) 1813 (Appointed)	Interim appointee lost election. New senator elected June 10, 1813 on the second ballot. Federalist hold.	▌ Y Jeremiah Mason (Federalist) 129 ▌Charles Cutts (Federalist) 39 ▌John Goddard Eliminated ▌Scattering 4^[16]
Georgia (Class 2)	William Bulloch	Democratic- Republican	1813 (Appointed)	Unknown if interim appointee retired or lost re-election. New senator elected November 6, 1813. Democratic-Republican hold.	▌ Y William Wyatt Bibb (Democratic-Republican) 79 ▌J. Macintosh 39^[17]

Connecticut

Connecticut (regular)

Connecticut (special)

Delaware (special)

Georgia

Georgia (regular)

Georgia (special)

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maryland

Maryland (regular)

The Maryland legislature failed to elect a senator before the March 3, 1813, the beginning of the term. Robert Henry Goldsborough was appointed to fill the seat.

Maryland (special)

Robert H. Goldsborough won election over Edward Lloyd by a margin of 20.45%, or 18 votes, for the Class 3 seat.^[18]

Massachusetts (special)

New Hampshire

New Hampshire (regular)

New Hampshire (special)

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Pennsylvania

South Carolina

Vermont

References

External links

Party Division in the Senate, 1789–Present, via Senate.gov

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

Search