1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections

California elections
<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/50px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600">
3 seats
	<img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/CA1864House.svg/160px-CA1864House.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="189" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="733"> Results:; Republican hold

1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections
All 193 seats in the United States House of Representatives; 97 seats needed for a majority
	Results; National Unionist gain National Unionist hold; Democratic gain Democratic hold
Speaker before election; Schuyler Colfax; Republican	Elected Speaker ; Schuyler Colfax; Republican

The 1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 5, 1864, and November 7, 1865, in the midst of the American Civil War and President Abraham Lincoln's reelection. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives. Members were elected before the first session of the 39th United States Congress convened on December 4, 1865, including the at-large seat from the new state of Nevada, and the 8 from Tennessee, the first secessionist state to be readmitted. The other 10 secessionist states had not yet been readmitted, and therefore were not seated.

The opposition Democrats were deeply divided between the Copperheads, a group that demanded an immediate negotiated settlement with the Confederate States of America, and the War Democrats, who supported the war. With the Democrats lacking any coherent message, they lost half their seats to Lincoln's Republican Party, who increased their majority to a commanding level.

The National Union Party (formerly known as the Unionists) lost seven seats, retaining control of 18 seats (some classify the Representatives as including 13 Unconditional Unionists and five Unionists), all from the border states of Maryland, Tennessee, and Kentucky, as well as West Virginia.

Election summaries

One new seat was added for the new State of Nevada^[1] and 8 vacancies were filled by the readmission of Tennessee, the first secessionist state to be readmitted. Three former Confederate States held elections in 1865 that were rejected by Congress.

↓
38	137	18
Democratic	Republican	Unionist

State	Type	Date	Total seats	Democratic		Republican		Unionist^[f]
State	Type	Date	Total seats	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Oregon	At-large	June 5, 1864	1	0		1		0
Vermont	District	September 6, 1864	3	0		3		0
Maine	District	September 11, 1864	5	0	1	5	1	0
Indiana	District	October 10, 1864	11	2	5	9	5	0
Nevada^[g]	At-large		1	0		1	1	0
Ohio	District		19	2	12	17	12	0
Pennsylvania	District		24	8	4	16	4	0
West Virginia	District	October 22, 1864	3	0		0		3
California	District^[h]	November 8, 1864 (Election Day)^[i]	3	0		3		0
Delaware	At-large		1	1		0		0
Illinois	District + 1 at-large		14	3	6	11	6	0
Iowa	District		6	0		6		0
Kansas	At-large		1	0		1		0
Maryland	District		5	2	1	0		3	1
Massachusetts	District		10	0		10		0
Michigan	District		6	0	1	6	1	0
Minnesota	District		2	0		2		0
Missouri	District		9	1	1	8^[e]	7	0	8
New Jersey	District		5	3	1	2	1	0
New York	District		31	10	7	21	7	0
Wisconsin	District		6	1	2	5	2	0
Late elections (after the March 4, 1865 beginning of the term)
New Hampshire	District	March 14, 1865	3	0	1	3	1	0
Connecticut	District	April 3, 1865	4	0	1	4	1	0
Tennessee^[j]	District	August 3, 1865^[k]	8	0		0		8	8
Rhode Island	District	April 5, 1865	2	0		2		0
Kentucky	District	August 7, 1865	9	5	5	0		4	5
Nevada	At-large	November 7, 1865	1	0		1		0
Secessionist states not yet readmitted
Alabama	District	November 6, 1865^[l]	6
Arkansas	District	October 9, 1865^[l]	3
Florida	At-large	November 29, 1865^[l]	1
Georgia	District	November 15, 1865^[l]	7
Louisiana	District	November 6, 1865^[l]	5
Mississippi	District	October 2, 1865^[l]	5
North Carolina	District	November 9, 1865^[l]	7
South Carolina	District	November 22, 1865^[l]	4
Texas	District	October 15, 1866^[l]	4
Virginia	District	October 12, 1865^[l]	8
Total^[b]			193 50 vacancies^[m]	38 19.7%	31	137^[e] 71.0%	46	18 9.3%	6

Popular vote

Nat. Union			53.47%
Democratic			41.97%
Conservative			2.19%
Radical			1.39%
Independent			1.06%
Others			0.00%

House seats

Nat. Union			77.72%
Democratic			17.10%
Conservative			2.59%
Radical			2.07%
Independent			0.52%

Of the rejected elections, Florida's and Mississippi's claimants' parties are unknown, while North Carolina elected 4 Union and 3 Conservative Representatives.

Special elections

38th Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Illinois 5	Owen Lovejoy	Republican	1856	Incumbent died March 25, 1864. New member elected May 19, 1864. Republican hold.	▌ Y Ebon C. Ingersoll (Republican) 62.8% ▌H. M. Wead (Democratic) 37.1%^[2]
New York 1	Henry G. Stebbins	Democratic	1862	Incumbent resigned October 24, 1864.^[3] New member elected November 8, 1864. Democratic hold.	▌ Y Dwight Townsend (Democratic) 54.9% ▌Henry G. Stebbins (National Union) 45.1%^[4]

39th Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Maryland 2	Edwin H. Webster	Unconditional Unionist	1859	Incumbent resigned July 1865. New member elected November 7, 1865. Unconditional Unionist hold.	▌ Y John L. Thomas Jr. (Unconditional Unionist) 83.2% ▌William Kimmel (Democratic) 16.8%^[5]
Massachusetts 6	Daniel W. Gooch	National Union	1858 (special)	Incumbent resigned September 1, 1865. New member elected November 7, 1865. National Union hold.	▌ Y Nathaniel P. Banks (National Union) 80.8% ▌Thomas J. Greenwood (Democratic) 19.2%^[6]
New York 16	Orlando Kellogg	National Union	1862	Incumbent died August 24, 1865. New member elected November 7, 1865. National Union hold.	▌ Y Robert S. Hale (National Union) 54.5% ▌Halsey R. Wing (Democratic) 45.5%^[7]

Alabama

Arizona Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Arkansas

California

Note: This was the first election in which California elected representatives from congressional districts.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
California 1 New seat	Cornelius Cole Redistricted from the at-large district.	Republican	1863	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost renomination. New member elected.	▌ Y Donald C. McRuer (Republican) 58.2% ▌Joseph B. Crockett (Democratic) 41.8%
California 2 New seat	William Higby Redistricted from the at-large district.	Republican	1863	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y William Higby (Republican) 61.3% ▌James W. Coffroth (Democratic) 38.7%
California 3 New seat	Thomas B. Shannon Redistricted from the at-large district.	Republican	1863	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌ Y John Bidwell (Republican) 55.8% ▌Jackson Temple (Democratic) 44.2%

Colorado Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Connecticut

Dakota Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Idaho Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Massachusetts 1	Thomas D. Eliot	National Union	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Thomas D. Eliot (National Union) 82.77% ▌Sylvanus B. Phinney (Democratic) 17.23%
Massachusetts 2	Oakes Ames	National Union	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Oakes Ames (National Union) 72.07% ▌James Maguire (Democratic) 27.93%
Massachusetts 3	Alexander H. Rice	National Union	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Alexander H. Rice (National Union) 62.35% ▌John S. Sleeper (Democratic) 37.65%
Massachusetts 4	Samuel Hooper	National Union	1861 (special)	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Samuel Hooper (National Union) 65.48% ▌Josiah Gardner Abbott (Democratic) 34.52%
Massachusetts 5	John B. Alley	National Union	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y John B. Alley (National Union) 75.89% ▌Joseph B. Morse (Democratic) 24.11%
Massachusetts 6	Daniel W. Gooch	National Union	1858	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Daniel W. Gooch (National Union) 71.66% ▌Thomas J. Greenwood (Democratic) 28.34%
Massachusetts 7	George S. Boutwell	National Union	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y George S. Boutwell (National Union) 68.99% ▌Theodore H. Sweetser (Democratic) 31.01%
Massachusetts 8	John D. Baldwin	National Union	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y John D. Baldwin (National Union) 74.75% ▌George Hodges (Democratic) 25.25%
Massachusetts 9	William B. Washburn	National Union	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y William B. Washburn (National Union) 81.47% ▌Nathaniel Wood (Democratic) 18.53%
Massachusetts 10	Henry Laurens Dawes	National Union	1856	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Henry L. Dawes (National Union) 64.74% ▌Harry Arnold (Democratic) 35.26%

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Nebraska Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Nevada

38th Congress

On October 31, 1864, the new state of Nevada elected Republican Henry G. Worthington to finish the term ending March 3, 1865.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Nevada at-large	New state			New seat. Republican gain.	▌ Y Henry G. Worthington (Republican) 9,776 votes Other 6,552 votes^[8]

39th Congress

Worthington was not renominated for the next term, however, and on November 7, 1865, Republican Delos R. Ashley was elected November 7, 1865 for the term that had already begun but would not formally meet until December 4, 1865.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Nevada at-large	Henry G. Worthington	Republican	1864 (new state)	Incumbent lost renomination.^[8] New member elected. Republican hold.	▌ Y Delos R. Ashley (Republican) 3,691 votes ▌Henry K. Mitchell 2,215 votes^[9]

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Ohio's delegation swung from 14–5 Democratic to 17-2 Republican as 10 Democratic incumbents lost renomination or re-election.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates^[10]
Ohio 1	George H. Pendleton	Democratic	1856	Incumbent retired to run for Vice President. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌ Y Benjamin Eggleston (Republican) 57.0% ▌George E. Pugh (Democratic) 43.0%
Ohio 2	Alexander Long	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌ Y Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) 58.7% ▌Joseph C. Butler (Democratic) 41,3%
Ohio 3	Robert C. Schenck	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Robert C. Schenck (Republican) 55.3% ▌David A. Houk (Democratic) 44.7%
Ohio 4	John F. McKinney	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌ Y William Lawrence (Republican) 56.1% ▌John F. McKinney (Democratic) 43.9%
Ohio 5	Francis C. Le Blond	Democratic	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Francis C. Le Blond (Democratic) 55.2% ▌Moses B. Walker (Republican) 44.8%
Ohio 6	Chilton A. White	Democratic	1860	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌ Y Reader W. Clarke (Republican) 55.4% ▌Chilton A. White (Democratic) 44.6%
Ohio 7	Samuel S. Cox	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌ Y Samuel Shellabarger (Republican) 57.1% ▌Samuel S. Cox (Democratic) 42.9%
Ohio 8	William Johnston	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌ Y James R. Hubbell (Republican) 54.8% ▌William Johnston (Democratic) 45.2%
Ohio 9	Warren P. Noble	Democratic	1860	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌ Y Ralph P. Buckland (Republican) 73.6% ▌Warren P. Noble (Democratic) 26.4%
Ohio 10	James M. Ashley	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y James M. Ashley (Republican) 51.8% ▌Americus V. Rice (Democratic) 48.2%
Ohio 11	Wells A. Hutchins	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌ Y Hezekiah S. Bundy (Republican) 59.8% ▌Wells A. Hutchins (Democratic) 40.2%
Ohio 12	William E. Finck	Democratic	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y William E. Finck (Democratic) 53.3% ▌Job E. Stevenson (Republican) 46.7%
Ohio 13	John O'Neill	Democratic	1862	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌ Y Columbus Delano (Republican) 50.5% ▌Charles Follett (Republican) 49.5%
Ohio 14	George Bliss	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌ Y Martin Welker (Republican) 55.5% ▌George Bliss (Democratic) 44.5%
Ohio 15	James R. Morris	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌ Y Tobias A. Plants (Republican) 57.3% ▌James R. Morris (Democratic) 42.7%
Ohio 16	Joseph W. White	Democratic	1882	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌ Y John Bingham (Republican) 52.7% ▌Joseph W. White (Democratic) 47.3%
Ohio 17	Ephraim R. Eckley	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Ephraim R. Eckley (Republican) 59.3% ▌Jonathan H. Wallace (Democratic) 40.7%
Ohio 18	Rufus P. Spalding	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Rufus P. Spalding (Republican) 68.5% ▌Jeptha Wade (Democratic) 31.5%
Ohio 19	James A. Garfield	Republican	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y James A. Garfield (Republican) 74.1% ▌Halsey H. Moses (Democratic) 25.9%

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Tennessee

Elections held late, on August 3, 1865.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Tennessee 1	None (vacant due to Civil War)			New members elected. Unionist gain.	▌ Y Nathaniel G. Taylor (Unionist) 46.39% ▌J. K. Miller (Conservative) 38.98% ▌ James H. Randolph (Unknown) 14.41% ▌ Thomas D. Arnold (Unknown) 0.23%^[11]
Tennessee 2					▌ Y Horace Maynard (Unionist) 55.97% ▌Joseph A. Cooper (Conservative) 18.17% ▌Leonidas C. Houk (Unionist) 14.54% ▌Robert K. Byrd (Unionist) 9.46% ▌William Heiskell (Opposition) 1.70% ▌[FNU] Wills (Unionist) 0.16%^[12]^[13]
Tennessee 3					▌ Y William B. Stokes (Unionist) 56.75% ▌Asa Faulkner (Conservative) 32.48% ▌ John R. Hood (Unknown) 10.77%^[14]
Tennessee 4					▌ Y Edmund Cooper (Unionist) 97.17% ▌ James Mullins (Unknown) 2.83%^[15]
Tennessee 5					▌ Y William B. Campbell (Unionist) 78.46% ▌Sand J. Carter (Unionist) 21.35% Scattering 0.19%^[16]
Tennessee 6					▌ Y Samuel M. Arnell (Unionist) 74.79% ▌Dorsey B. Thomas (Conservative) 25.21%^[17]
Tennessee 7					▌ Y Isaac R. Hawkins (Unionist) 64.62% ▌Emerson Etheridge (Conservative) 35.38%^[18]
Tennessee 8					▌ Y John W. Leftwich (Unionist) 47.99% ▌John Bullock (Unionist) 17.21% ▌ R. S. Saunders (Unknown) 16.87% ▌William C. Dunlap (Conservative) 15.06% ▌ William Hunter (Unknown) 2.87%^[19]

Texas

Utah Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

Vermont

Virginia

Washington Territory

See non-voting delegates, below.

West Virginia

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
West Virginia 1	Jacob B. Blair	Unconditional Unionist	1863	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unconditional Unionist hold.	▌ Y Chester D. Hubbard (Unconditional Unionist) 62.52% ▌Samuel Crane (Independent) 37.48%^[20]
West Virginia 2	William G. Brown Sr.	Unconditional Unionist	1863	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Unconditional Unionist hold.	▌ Y George R. Latham (Unconditional Unionist) 84.46% ▌William B. Zinn (Independent) 10.75% ▌Fontain Smith (Independent) 4.39% ▌W. S. Richardson (Independent) 0.40%^[21]
West Virginia 3	Kellian Whaley	Unconditional Unionist	1863	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Kellian Whaley (Unconditional Unionist) 66.79% ▌John M. Phelps (Independent) 33.21%^[22]

Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected six members of congress on Election Day, November 8, 1864.^[23]

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Wisconsin 1	James S. Brown	Democratic	1862	Incumbent withdrew from election. New member elected. National Union gain.	▌ Y Halbert E. Paine (National Union) 50.9% ▌John W. Cary (Democratic) 49.1%
Wisconsin 2	Ithamar Sloan	Republican	1862	Incumbent won re-election on National Union ticket. Republican hold.	▌ Y Ithamar Sloan (National Union) 60.3% ▌George Baldwin Smith (Democratic) 39.7%
Wisconsin 3	Amasa Cobb	Republican	1862	Incumbent won re-election on National Union ticket. Republican hold.	▌ Y Amasa Cobb (National Union) 63.2% ▌Charles Rodolf (Democratic) 36.8%
Wisconsin 4	Charles A. Eldredge	Democratic	1862	Incumbent re-elected.	▌ Y Charles A. Eldredge (Democratic) 58.9% ▌A. Scott Sloan (National Union) 41.1%
Wisconsin 5	Ezra Wheeler	Democratic	1862	Incumbent retired. New member elected. National Union gain.	▌ Y Philetus Sawyer (National Union) 56.8% ▌Gabriel Bouck (Democratic) 43.2%
Wisconsin 6	Walter D. McIndoe	Republican	1862 Special	Incumbent won re-election on National Union ticket. Republican hold.	▌ Y Walter D. McIndoe (National Union) 66.3% ▌Henry Reed (Democratic) 33.7%

Non-voting delegates

38th Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Delegate	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Arizona Territory at-large	New district			New seat. New delegate elected on an unknown date in 1864. Republican gain.	▌ Y Charles Debrille Poston (Republican) 40.62% [data missing]^[24]
Montana Territory at-large	New district			New seat. New delegate elected.^[n] Democratic gain.	▌ Y Samuel McLean (Democratic) 59.39% ▌Wilbur F. Sanders (Republican) 40.62%^[25]

39th Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Delegate	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Arizona Territory at-large	Charles Debrille Poston	Republican	1864	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected September 6, 1865. Republican hold.	▌ Y John Noble Goodwin (Republican) ▌Charles Debrille Poston (Republican)^[27]
Colorado Territory at-large	Hiram Pitt Bennet	Conservative Republican	1861	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	▌ Y Allen Alexander Bradford (Republican) [data missing]
Dakota Territory at-large	John B. S. Todd	Democratic	1862	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	▌ Y Walter A. Burleigh (Republican) ▌John B. S. Todd (Democratic)
Idaho Territory at-large	William H. Wallace	Unionist	1860 (Wash. Territory) 1862 (unknown) 1863	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. New delegate elected October 10, 1864. Democratic gain.	▌ Y Edward D. Holbrook (Democratic) 53.33% ▌Samuel C. Parks (Unionist) 46.67%^[28]
Montana Territory at-large	Samuel McLean	Democratic	1864	Incumbent re-elected to the term starting March 4, 1865.^[n]	▌ Y Samuel McLean (Democratic) 61.12% ▌Gad E. Upson (Republican) 38.88%^[26]
Nebraska Territory at-large	Samuel Gordon Daily	Republican	1860 (won contest)	Unknown if incumbent retired or lost. New delegate elected on an unknown date. Republican hold.	▌ Y Phineas Warren Hitchcock (Republican) 53.33% [data missing]
New Mexico Territory at-large
Utah Territory at-large
Washington Territory at-large

Notes

References

Bibliography

Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
Thompson; West (1881). History of Nevada. Oakland, California: Oakland, Cal., Thompson and West. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
"Elections 1860 - 1869". JoinCalifornia / Election History for the State of California. Retrieved February 12, 2018.

[a]

[b]

[c]

[d]

[e]

[1]

[f]

[g]

[h]

[i]

[j]

[k]

[l]

[m]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[n]

[25]

[27]

[28]

[26]

1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections

Election summaries

Special elections

38th Congress

39th Congress

Alabama

Arizona Territory

Arkansas

California

Colorado Territory

Connecticut

Dakota Territory

Delaware

Florida

Georgia

Idaho Territory

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

Missouri

Montana Territory

Nebraska Territory

Nevada

38th Congress

39th Congress

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New Mexico Territory

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Oregon

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Tennessee

Texas

Utah Territory

Vermont

Virginia

Washington Territory

West Virginia

Wisconsin

Non-voting delegates

38th Congress

39th Congress

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links