List of astronomers

In alphabetical order:

• Aryabhata (India, 476–550)
• Marc Aaronson (United States, 1950–1987)
• George Ogden Abell (United States, 1927–1983)
• Hiroshi Abe (Japan, 1958–)
• Antonio Abetti (Italy, 1846–1928)
• Giorgio Abetti (Italy, 1882–1982)
• Charles Greeley Abbot (United States, 1872–1973)
• Charles Hitchcock Adams (United States, 1868–1951)
• John Couch Adams (United Kingdom, 1819–1892)
• Walter Sydney Adams (United States, 1876–1956)
• Saul Adelman (United States, 1944–)
• Petrus Alphonsi (Spain, 1062–1110)
• Agrippa (Greece, fl. c. 92)
• Paul Oswald Ahnert (Germany, 1897–1989)
• Eva Ahnert-Rohlfs (Germany, 1912–1954)
• George Biddell Airy (United Kingdom, 1801–1892)
• Robert Aitken, (United States, 1864–1951)
• Makio Akiyama (Japan, 1950–)
• Al Battani (Iraq, 850–929)
• Albategnius (see Al-Batani)
• Vladimir Aleksandrovich Albitzky (Russia, 1891–1952)
• Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Persia, 787–886)
• George Alcock (United Kingdom, 1913–2000)
• Harold Alden (United States, 1890–1964)
• Hannes Alfvén (Sweden, 1908–1995)
• Lawrence H. Aller (United States, 1913–2003)
• Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi (Persia, 903–986)
• Viktor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian, (Armenia, 1912–1996)
• John August Anderson (United States, 1876–1959)
• Wilhelm Anderson (Estonia, 1880–1940)
• Marie Henri Andoyer (France, 1862–1929)
• Andronicus of Cyrrhus (Greece, fl. 100 BC)
• Anders Jonas Ångström (Sweden, 1814–1874)
• Eugène Michel Antoniadi (Greece-France, 1870–1944)
• Masakatsu Aoki (Japan, 1957–)
• Petrus Apianus (Germany, 1495–1557)
• François Arago (France, 1786–1853)
• Masaru Arai (Japan, 1952–)
• Hiroshi Araki (Japan)
• Sylvain Arend (Belgium, 1902–1992)
• Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander (Germany, 1799–1875)
• Aristarchus of Samos (Greece, c. 310 BC – c. 230 BC)
• Christoph Arnold (Germany, 1650–1695)
• Halton Christian Arp (United States, 1927–2013)
• Svante Arrhenius (Sweden, 1859–1927)
• Arzachel (Spain, 1028–1087)
• Asada Goryu (Japan, 1734–1799)
• Atsuo Asami (Japan)
• Giuseppe Asclepi (Italy, 1706–1776)
• Joseph Ashbrook (United States, 1918–1980)
• Arthur Auwers (Germany, 1838–1915)
• Adrien Auzout (France, 1622–1691)
• David Axon (England, 1951–2012)

• Brahmagupta (India, 598–668 CE)
• Bhaskara I (India, 629 CE)
• Bhaskara II (India, 1114–1185)
• Walter Baade (Germany, 1893–1960)
• Harold D. Babcock (United States, 1882–1968)
• Horace W. Babcock (United States, 1912–2003)
• Oskar Backlund (Sweden, 1846–1916)
• John N. Bahcall (United States, 1934–2005)
• Yoshiaki Banno (Japan, 1952–1991)
• Benjamin Baillaud (France, 1848–1934)
• Jules Baillaud (France, 1876–1960)
• Jean-Baptiste Baille (France, 1841–1918)
• Jean Sylvain Bailly (France, 1736–1793)
• Francis Baily (United Kingdom, 1774–1844)
• John Bainbridge (United Kingdom, 1582–1643)
• John E. Baldwin (United Kingdom, 1931–2010)
• Sallie Baliunas (United States, 1953–)
• Zoltán Balog (Hungary/United States, 1972–)
• Benjamin Banneker (United States, 1731–1806)
• Pietro Baracchi (Italy, Australia, 1851–1926)
• Beatriz Barbuy (Brazil, 1950–)
• Edward Emerson Barnard (United States, 1857–1923)
• Julius Bauschinger (France, 1860–1934)
• Johann Bayer (Germany, 1572–1625)
• Antonín Bečvář (Czechoslovakia, 1901–1965)
• Wilhelm Beer (Germany, 1797–1850)
• Sergei Ivanovich Belyavsky (Russia, 1883–1953)
• Charles L. Bennett (United States, 1956–)
• Jocelyn Bell Burnell (United Kingdom, 1943–)
• Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (Germany, 1784–1846)
• Somnath Bharadwaj (India, 1964–)
• Wilhelm Freiherr von Biela (Austria, 1782–1856)
• Ludwig Biermann (Germany, 1907–1986)
• Wolf Bickel (Germany. 1942–)
• Guillaume Bigourdan (France, 1851–1932)
• James Binney (United Kingdom, 1950–)
• Biruni (Persia, 973–1048)
• Gennady S. Bisnovatyi-Kogan (Russia, 1941–)
• Adriaan Blaauw (Netherlands, 1914–2010)
• Nathaniel Bliss (United Kingdom, 1700–1764)
• Johann Elert Bode (Germany, 1747–1826)
• Alfred Bohrmann (Germany, 1904–2000)
• Bart Bok (Netherlands, 1906–1983)
• Charles Thomas Bolton (United States/Canada, 1943–2021)
• John Gatenby Bolton (United Kingdom/Australia, 1922–1993)
• William Cranch Bond (United States, 1789–1859)
• Alphonse Borrelly (France, 1842–1926)
• Rudjer Boscovich (Dalmatia, 1711–1787)
• Lewis Boss (United States, 1846–1912)
• Alexis Bouvard (France, 1767–1843)
• Rychard Bouwens (United States, 1972–)
• Edward L. G. Bowell (United States, 1943–)
• Ira Sprague Bowen (United States, 1898–1973)
• Louis Boyer (France, 1901–1999)
• Brian J. Boyle (Scotland and Australia, 1960–)
• Ronald N. Bracewell (Australia, United States, 1921–2007)
• James Bradley (United Kingdom, 1693–1762)
• William A. Bradfield (New Zealand, Australia, 1927–2014)
• Tycho Brahe (Denmark, 1546–1601)
• John Alfred Brashear (United States, 1840–1920)
• William Robert Brooks (United States, 1844–1922)
• Theodor Brorsen (Denmark, 1819–1895)
• Dirk Brouwer (Netherlands–United States, 1902–1966)
• Ernest William Brown (United Kingdom, 1866–1938)
• Michael (Mike) E. Brown (United States, 1965–)
• Hermann Alexander Brück (Germany, 1905–2000)
• Ismael Bullialdus (France, 1605–1694)
• Margaret Burbidge (United Kingdom–United States, 1919–2020)
• Robert Burnham, Jr. (United States, 1931–1993)
• Sherburne Wesley Burnham (United States, 1838–1921)
• Schelte J. Bus (United States, 1956–)
• Bimla Buti (India, 1933–)

• William Wallace Campbell (United States, 1862–1938)
• Annie Jump Cannon (United States, 1863–1941)
• Luigi Carnera (Italy, 1875–1962)
• Edwin Francis Carpenter (United States, 1898–1963)
• James Carpenter (United Kingdom, 1840–1899)
• Richard Christopher Carrington (United Kingdom, 1826–1875)
• Sir John Carroll (United Kingdom, 1899–1974)
• Anthony W. Case (United States, 1980–)
• César-François Cassini de Thury (France, 1714–1784)
• Dominique, comte de Cassini (France, 1748–1845)
• Giovanni Domenico Cassini (France, 1625–1712)
• Jacques Cassini (France, 1677–1756)
• Bonaventura Cavalieri (Italy, 1598–1647)
• Anders Celsius (Sweden, 1701–1744)
• Vincenzo Cerulli (Italy, 1859–1927)
• Jean Chacornac (France, 1823–1873)
• James Challis (United Kingdom, 1803–1882)
• Radha Gobinda Chandra (Bangladesh, India, 1878–1975)
• Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (India, United States, 1910–1995)
• Carl Charlier (Sweden, 1862–1934)
• Auguste Charlois (France, 1864–1910)
• Lyudmila Ivanovna Chernykh (Russia/Ukraine, 1935–2017)
• Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh (Russia/Ukraine, 1931–2004)
• James Christy (United States, 1938–)
• Klim Churyumov (Ukraine, 1937–2016)
• Barry G. Clark (United States, 1938–)
• Edwin Foster Coddington (United States, 1870–1950)
• Jérôme Eugène Coggia (France, 1849–1919)
• Josep Comas i Solà (Spain, 1868–1937)
• Andrew Ainslie Common (United Kingdom, 1841–1903)
• Guy Consolmagno (United States, 1952–)
• Nicolaus Copernicus (Prussia/Poland), 1473–1543)
• Corsono Carsono (Spain)
• Janine Connes (France, 1934–)
• Pablo Cottenot (France)
• Heather Couper (United Kingdom, 1949–2020)
• Leopold Courvoisier (Switzerland, 1873–1955)
• Arthur Edwin Covington (Canada, 1914–2001)
• Philip Herbert Cowell (United Kingdom, 1870–1949)
• Thomas George Cowling (United Kingdom, 1906–1990)
• Andrew Claude de la Cherois Crommelin (United Kingdom, 1865–1939)
• Luíz Cruls (Brazil, 1848–1908)
• James Cuffey (United States, 1911–1999)
• Heber Doust Curtis (United States, 1872–1942)
• Florence Cushman (United States, 1860–1940)

• Alexander Dalgarno (United States, 1928–2015)
• Jacques Eugène d'Allonville (France, 1671–1732)
• Andre Louis Danjon (France, 1890–1967)
• Heinrich d'Arrest (Germany, 1822–1875)
• George Howard Darwin (United Kingdom, 1845–1912)
• Roger Davies (United Kingdom, 1954–)
• Leonardo da Vinci (Italy, 1452–1519)
• William Rutter Dawes (United Kingdom, 1799–1868)
• Bernhard Dawson (Argentina, 1890–1960)
• Leo de Ball (Germany, Austria, 1853–1916)
• Henri Debehogne (Belgium, 1928–2007)
• Annibale de Gasparis (Italy, 1819–1892)
• Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre (France, 1749–1822)
• Charles-Eugène Delaunay (France, 1816–1872)
• Eugène Joseph Delporte (Belgium, 1882–1955)
• Audrey C. Delsanti (France, 1976–)
• William Frederick Denning (United Kingdom, 1848–1931)
• Alíz Derekas (Hungary, 1977–)
• Willem de Sitter (Netherlands, 1872–1934)
• Henri-Alexandre Deslandres (France, 1853–1948)
• Alexander Nikolaevich Deutsch (Russia, 1900–1986)
• Gérard de Vaucouleurs (France/United States, 1918–1995)
• Robert Dicke (United States, 1916–1997)
• Terence Dickinson (Canada, 1943–)
• Thomas Digges (United Kingdom, 1546–1595)
• Herbert Dingle (United States, 1890–1978)
• Andrea Di Paola (Italy, 1970–)
• Ewine van Dishoeck (Netherlands, 1955–)
• Giovanni Battista Donati (Italy, 1826–1873)
• Frank Drake (United States, 1930–)
• Henry Draper (United States, 1837–1882)
• Mary Anna Draper (United States, 1839–1914)
• John Dreyer (Ireland, 1852–1926)
• Alexander D. Dubyago (Russia), 1903–1959)
• Dmitrij I. Dubyago (Russia), 1850–1918)
• Jean C. B. Dufay (France, 1896–1967)
• Raymond Smith Dugan (United States, 1878–1940)
• James Dunlop (Scotland, 1793–1848)
• Richard B. Dunn (United States, 1927–2005)
• Petar Đurković (Serbia, 1908–1981)
• Frank Watson Dyson (United Kingdom, 1868–1939)

• Arthur Eddington (United Kingdom, 1882–1944)
• Frank K. Edmondson (United States, 1912–2008)
• Olin J. Eggen (United States, 1919–1998)
• David J. Eicher (United States, 1961–)
• Albert Einstein (Germany, 1879–1955)
• Eise Eisinga (Netherlands, 1744–1828)
• Eric Walter Elst (Belgium, 1936–2022)
• Johann Franz Encke (Germany, 1791–1865)
• Kin Endate (Japan, 1960–)
• Eratosthenes (Alexandria, 276 BC – 194 BC)
• Emil Ernst (Germany, 1889–1942)
• Ernest Esclangon (France, 1876–1954)
• Fred Espenak (United States, 1953–)
• Larry W. Esposito (United States, 1951–)
• Eudoxus (Cnidus, c. 408 BC – c. 355 BC)
• Robert Evans (Australia, 1937–2022)

• David Fabricius (Netherlands, 1564–1617)
• Sandra M. Faber (United States, 1945–)
• Johannes Fabricius (Netherlands, 1587–1615)
• Fearon Fallows (United Kingdom, 1789–1831)
• Hervé Faye (France, 1814–1902)
• Charles Fehrenbach (France, 1914–2008)
• Farghani (Persia, 800–870)
• James Ferguson (United States, 1797–1867)
• Alex Filippenko (United States, 1958–)
• Erwin Finlay-Freundlich (Germany, 1885–1964)
• Axel Firsoff (United Kingdom, 1910–1981)
• Debra Fischer (United States)
• J. Richard Fisher (United States, 1943–)
• Camille Flammarion (France, 1842–1925)
• Gabrielle Renaudot Flammarion (France, 1867–1962)
• John Flamsteed (United Kingdom, 1646–1719)
• Honoré Flaugergues (France, 1755–1835)
• Williamina Fleming (United States, 1857–1911)
• Wilhelm Julius Foerster (Germany, 1832–1921)
• Alfred Fowler (United Kingdom, 1868–1940)
• William Alfred Fowler (United States, 1911–1995)
• Philip Fox (United States, 1878–1944)
• Andrew Fraknoi (United States, 1948–)
• Joseph von Fraunhofer (Germany, 1787–1826)
• Herbert Friedman (United States, 1916–2000)
• Dirk D. Frimout (Belgium, 1941–)
• Edwin Brant Frost (United States, 1866–1935)
• Shigehisa Fujikawa (Japan)
• Naoshi Fukushima (Japan, 1925–2003)
• Kiichirō Furukawa (Japan, 1929–2016)
• Toshimasa Furuta (Japan)

• Bryan Gaensler (Australia, 1973–)
• Gan De (China, fl. 4th century BC)
• Galileo Galilei (Italy, 1564–1642)
• Julio Garavito Armero (Colombia, 1865–1920)
• Gordon J. Garradd (Australia, 1959–)
• Ben Gascoigne (New Zealand, Australia, 1915–2010)
• Margaret Geller (United States, 1947)
• Gautama Siddha (China, fl. 8th century AD)
• Johann Gottfried Galle (Germany, 1812–1910)
• George Gamow (Russia, United States, 1904–1968)
• Carl Friedrich Gauss (Germany, 1777–1855)
• Tom Gehrels (Netherlands, United States, 1925–2011)
• Neil Gehrels (United States, 1952–2017)
• Andrea M. Ghez (United States, 1965–)
• Riccardo Giacconi (Italy, 1931–2018)
• Michel Giacobini (France, 1873–1938)
• Henry L. Giclas (United States, 1910–2007)
• David Gill (United Kingdom, 1843–1914)
• Fred Gillett (United States, 1937–2001)
• Karl Glazebrook (UK, 1965–)
• Ian Glass (Ireland/South Africa, 1939–)
• Thomas Gold (United States, 1920–2004)
• Leo Goldberg (United States, 1913–1987)
• Peter Goldreich (United States, 1939–)
• Hermann Goldschmidt (Germany, 1802–1866)
• François Gonnessiat (France, 1856–1934)
• John Goodricke (United Kingdom, 1764–1786)
• Alyssa A. Goodman (United States, 1962–)
• Abu Sa'id Gorgani (Persia, 9th century)
• Paul Götz (Germany, 1883–1962)
• Benjamin Apthorp Gould (United States, 1824–1896)
• Andrew Graham (Ireland, 1815–1907)
• Kathryn Aurora Gray (Canada, 2000–)
• Charles Green (England, 1735–1771)
• Jesse Greenstein (United States, 1909–2002)
• John Grunsfeld (United States, 1956–)
• Jay U. Gunter (United States, 1911–1994)
• Alexander A. Gurshtein (Russia, 1937–2020)
• Bengt Gustafsson (Sweden, 1943–)
• Guo Shoujing (China, 1231–1316)
• Alan Harvey Guth (United States, 1947–)

• Yusuke Hagihara (Japan, 1897–1979)
• Alan Hale (United States, 1958–)
• George Ellery Hale (United States, 1868–1938)
• Asaph Hall (United States, 1829–1907)
• Edmond Halley (England, 1656–1742)
• Erika Hamden (United States, ?–)
• Heidi Hammel (United States, 1960–)
• Mario Hamuy (Chile, 1960–?)
• Peter Andreas Hansen (Denmark, 1795–1874)
• Abulfazl Harawi (Persia, 10th century)
• Karl Ludwig Harding (Germany, 1765–1834)
• Thomas Hariot (United Kingdom, 1560–1621)
• Guillermo Haro (Mexico, 1913–1988)
• Robert George Harrington (United States, 1904–1987)
• Robert Sutton Harrington (United States, 1942–1993)
• Edward Robert Harrison (United Kingdom/United States, 1917–2007)
• William Kenneth Hartmann (United States, 1939–)
• Lisa Harvey-Smith (Australia, 1979–)
• Takeo Hatanaka (Japan, 1914–1963)
• Tim Hawarden (South Africa, 1943–2009)
• Stephen Hawking (United Kingdom, 1942–2018)
• Will Hay (United Kingdom, 1888–1949)
• Chushiro Hayashi (Japan, 1920–2010)
• Otto Hermann Leopold Heckmann (Germany, 1901–1983)
• Carl Heiles (United States, 1939–)
• Joseph Helffrich (Germany, 1872–1971)
• Eleanor Helin (United States, 1932–2009)
• Maximilian Hell (Austria-Hungary, 1720–1792)
• Karl Ludwig Hencke (Germany, 1793–1866)
• Thomas Henderson (Scotland, 1798–1844)
• Paul Henry (France, 1848–1905)
• Prosper Henry (France, 1849–1903)
• Abraham bar Hiyya (Spanish Jewish), (1070–1136)
• George Howard Herbig (United States, 1920–2013)
• Carl W. Hergenrother (United States, 1973–)
• Caroline Herschel (United Kingdom, 1750–1848)
• John Herschel (United Kingdom, 1792–1871)
• William Herschel (United Kingdom/Germany, 1738–1822)
• Ejnar Hertzsprung (Denmark, 1873–1967)
• Johannes Hevelius (Poland, 1611–1687)
• Antony Hewish (United Kingdom, 1924–2021)
• George William Hill (United States, 1838–1914)
• John Russell Hind (United Kingdom, 1823–1895)
• Hipparchus (Nicaea, c. 190 BC–120 BC)
• Masanori Hirasawa (Japan)
• Kiyotsugu Hirayama (Japan, 1874–1943)
• Shin Hirayama (Japan, 1868–1945)
• Gustave-Adolphe Hirn (France, 1815–1890)
• Sebastian von Hoerner (Germany), 1919–2003)
• Cuno Hoffmeister (Germany, 1892–1968)
• Dorrit Hoffleit (United States, 1907–2007)
• Helen Sawyer Hogg (Canada, 1905–1993)
• Minoru Honda (Japan, 1917–1990)
• Kamil Hornoch (Czech Republic, 1972–)
• Jeremiah Horrocks (United Kingdom, c. 1619–1641)
• Cornelis Johannes van Houten (Netherlands, 1920–2002)
• Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld (Netherlands, 1921–2015)
• Martin van den Hove (Netherlands, 1605–1639)
• Herbert Alonzo Howe (USA, 1858–1926)
• Fred Hoyle (United Kingdom, 1915–2001)
• Su-Shu Huang (China/USA, 1915-1977)
• Edwin Powell Hubble (United States, 1889–1953)
• William Huggins (United Kingdom, 1824–1910)
• Russell Alan Hulse (United States, 1950–)
• Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst (Netherlands, 1918–2000)
• Milton Lasell Humason (United States, 1891–1972)
• Thomas John Hussey (England, 1792–1854)
• Christiaan Huygens (Netherlands, 1629–1695)
• Yuji Hyakutake (Japan, 1950–2002)
• Josef Allen Hynek (United States, 1910–1986)
• Hypatia (Egypt, (born c. 350–370; died 415 AD)
• Christopher Hansteen (Norway, 1784–1873)

• Icko Iben, Jr. (United States, 1931–)
• Kaoru Ikeya (Japan, 1943–)
• Chris Impey (United Kingdom/United States, 1956–)
• Robert Thorburn Ayton Innes (Scotland/South Africa, 1861–1933)
• Shigeru Inoda (Japan, 1955–2008)
• Jamal Nazrul Islam (Bangladesh, 1939–2013)
• Edward Israel (United States, 1859–1884)
• Iwahashi Zenbei (Japan, 1756–1811)
• Masayuki Iwamoto (Japan, 1954–)
• Shun-ei Izumikawa (Japan)

• Cyril V. Jackson (South Africa, 1903–1988)
• Karan Jani (India, 1988–)
• Pierre Jules César Janssen (France, 1824–1907)
• James Jeans (United Kingdom, 1877–1946)
• Benjamin Jekhowsky (Russia/France/Algeria, 1881–1953)
• Louise Freeland Jenkins (United States, 1888–1970)
• David C. Jewitt (United Kingdom, 1958–)
• Jiao Bingzhen (China, 1689–1726)
• John A. Johnson (United States, 1977–)
• Alfred Harrison Joy (United States, 1882–1973)
• Vinod Johri (India, 1935–2014)

• Ali Kuşçu (Turkey, 1403–1474)
• Tetsuo Kagawa (Japan, 1969–)
• Franz Kaiser (Germany, 1891–1962)
• Kiyotaka Kanai (Japan, 1951–)
• Hiroshi Kaneda (Japan, 1953–)
• Henry Kandrup (United States, 1955–2003)
• Jacobus Kapteyn (Netherlands, 1851–1922)
• Lyudmila Karachkina (Ukraine, 1948–)
• Ghiyath al-Kashi (Persia, 1380–1429)
• Jeffrey Owen Katz (United States, 1960–)
• Karlis Kaufmanis (Latvia/United States, 1910–2003
• Kōyō Kawanishi (Japan, 1959–)
• Nobuhiro Kawasato (Japan)
• James Edward Keeler (United States, 1857–1900)
• Paul Kempf (Germany, 1856–1920)
• Johannes Kepler (Germany, 1571–1630)
• Omar Khayyám (Persia, 1048–1131)
• Al-Khujandi (Persia, 10th century)
• Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī, (Persia, 780–850)
• Kidinnu (Babylon, 4th century BC; d. 330 BC?)
• Hisashi Kimura (Japan, 1870–1943)
• Maria Margarethe Kirch (Germany, 1670–1720)
• Daniel Kirkwood (United States, 1814–1895)
• Robert Kirshner (United States, 1949–)
• Minoru Kizawa (Japan, 1947–)
• Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Klinkerfues (Germany, 1827–1884)
• Viktor Knorre (Russia, 1840–1919)
• Takao Kobayashi (Japan, 1961–)
• Toru Kobayashi (Japan)
• Luboš Kohoutek (1935–)
• Masahiro Koishikawa (Japan, 1952–2020)
• Nobuhisa Kojima (Japan, 1933–)
• Takuo Kojima (Japan, 1955–)
• Yoji Kondo (Japan, 1933–2017)
• Zdeněk Kopal (Czechoslovakia, United Kingdom, United States, 1914–1993)
• August Kopff (Germany, 1882–1960)
• Korado Korlević (Croatia, 1958–)
• Hiroki Kosai (Japan, 1933–)
• Charles T. Kowal (United States, 1940–2011)
• Robert Kraft (United States, 1927–2015)
• Ľubor Kresák (Czechoslovakia, 1927–1994)
• Heinrich Kreutz (Germany, 1854–1927)
• Kazuo Kubokawa (Japan, 1903–1943)
• Marc Kuchner (United States, 1972–)
• Gerard Kuiper (Netherlands, United States, 1905–1973)
• Donald Kurtz (1948–)
• Reiki Kushida (Japan)
• Yoshio Kushida (Japan, 1957–)
• György Kulin (Austria-Hungary, 1905–1989)

• Lagadha (India, 1st millennium BCE)
• Nicolas Louis de Lacaille (France, 1713–1762)
• Claes-Ingvar Lagerkvist (Sweden, 1944–)
• Joseph-Louis Lagrange (France, 1736–1813)
• Jérôme Lalande (France, 1732–1807)
• Johann Heinrich Lambert (France, Germany, 1728–1777)
• David J. Lane (Canada, 1983–)
• Andrew E. Lange (United States, 1957–2010)
• Samuel Pierpont Langley (United States, 1834–1906)
• Pierre-Simon Laplace (France, 1749–1827)
• Jacques Laskar (France, 1955–)
• William Lassell (United Kingdom, 1799–1880)
• Joseph Jean Pierre Laurent (France, fl. 1858)
• Henrietta Swan Leavitt (United States, 1868–1921)
• Typhoon Lee (United States and Taiwan, 1948–)
• Guillaume Le Gentil (France, 1725–1792)
• Georges Lemaître (Belgium, 1894–1966)
• Pierre Lemonnier (France, 1715–1799)
• Frederick C. Leonard (United States, 1896–1960)
• Armin Leuschner (US, 1868–1953)
• Geraint Lewis (Australia, 1969–)
• Urbain Le Verrier (France, 1811–1877)
• Li Fan (China, fl. 1st century AD)
• James Lind (UK, 1736–1812)
• Bertil Lindblad (Sweden, 1895–1965)
• Adolph Friedrich Lindemann (Germany/UK, 1846–1927)
• Chris Lintott (United Kingdom, 1980–)
• Joseph Johann Littrow (Austria, 1781–1840)
• Karl L. Littrow (Austria, 1811–1877)
• Liu Xin (China, fl. 1st century AD)
• Joseph Lockyer (United Kingdom, 1836–1920)
• Avi Loeb (Israel, USA 1962–)
• Maurice Loewy (Austria/France, 1833–1907)
• Christian Sørensen Longomontanus (Denmark, 1562–1647)
• Percival Lowell (United States, 1855–1916)
• Ángel López (Spain, 1955–)
• Álvaro López-García (Spain, 1941–2019)
• John William Lubbock (United Kingdom, 1803–1865)
• Knut Lundmark (Sweden, 1889–1958)
• Robert Luther (Germany, 1822–1900)
• Lupitus of Barcelona (Spain)
• Jane Luu (South Vietnam, United States 1965–)
• Willem Luyten (Dutch East Indies, Netherlands, 1899–1994)
• Donald Lynden-Bell (United Kingdom, 1935–2018)
• Andrew Lyne (UK, 1942–)
• Bernard Lyot (France, 1897–1952)

• Mahendra Suri (India, 14th century CE)
• Ma Yize (China, 910–1005)
• Adriaan van Maanen (United States, 1884–1946)
• George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield (United Kingdom, c. 1697–1764)
• Johann Heinrich von Mädler (Germany, 1794-1874)
• Amy Mainzer (United States, 1974–)
• Steve Mandel (United States)
• Geoff Marcy (United States, 1954–)
• Simon Marius (Germany, 1573–1624)
• Brian G. Marsden (United States, 1937–2010)
• Albert Marth (Germany, 1828–1897)
• Nevil Maskelyne (United Kingdom, 1732–1811)
• Charles Mason (United Kingdom, United States, 1730–1787)
• John C. Mather (United States, 1946–)
• Janet Akyüz Mattei (Turkey/United States, 1943–2004)
• Edward Walter Maunder (United Kingdom, 1851–1928)
• Pierre Louis Maupertuis (France, 1698–1759)
• Alain Maury (France, 1958–)
• Antonia Maury (United States, 1866–1952)
• Matthew Fontaine Maury (United States, 1806–1873)
• Brian May (United Kingdom, 1947–)
• Cornell Mayer (United States, 1922–2005)
• Tobias Mayer (Germany, 1723–1762)
• Michel Mayor (Switzerland, 1942–)
• Christopher McKee (United States, 1942–)
• Robert S. McMillan (United States)
• William H. McCrea (United Kingdom, 1904–1999)
• Bruce A. McIntosh (Canada, 1929–2015)
• Robert H. McNaught (Australia, 1956–)
• Pierre Méchain (France, 1744–1804)
• Thebe Medupe (South Africa, 1973–)
• Karen Jean Meech (United States, 1956–)
• Aden Baker Meinel (United States, 1922–2011)
• Marjorie Pettit Meinel (United States, 1922–2008)
• Fulvio Melia (United States, 1956–)
• Philibert Jacques Melotte (United Kingdom, 1880–1961)
• Paul Willard Merrill (United States, 1887–1961)
• David Merritt (United States)
• Charles Messier (France, 1730–1817)
• Joel Hastings Metcalf (United States, 1866–1925)
• Andreas Gerasimos Michalitsianos (United States, 1947–1997)
• John Michell (United Kingdom, 1724–1793)
• Elia Millosevich (Italy, 1848–1919)
• Edward Arthur Milne (United Kingdom, 1896–1950)
• Rudolph Minkowski (Germany, 1895–1976)
• Marcel Gilles Jozef Minnaert (Belgium, Netherlands, 1893–1970)
• Maria Mitchell (United States, 1818–1889)
• Seidai Miyasaka (Japan, 1955–)
• Yoshikane Mizuno (Japan, 1954–)
• August Ferdinand Möbius (Germany, 1790–1868)
• Anthony Moffat (Canada)
• Johan Maurits Mohr (Netherlands, 1716–1775)
• Samuel Molyneux (United Kingdom, 1689–1728)
• Geminiano Montanari (Italy, 1633–1687)
• Patrick Moore (United Kingdom, 1923–2012)
• James Michael Moran (United States, 1943–)
• William Wilson Morgan (United States, 1906–1994)
• Hiroshi Mori (Japan, 1958–)
• Amédée Mouchez (France, 1821–1892)
• Antonín Mrkos (Czechoslovakia, 1918–1996)
• Jean Mueller (United States, 1950–)
• Masaru Mukai (Japan, 1949–)
• Christiaan Alexander Muller (Netherlands, 1923-2004)
• Gustav Müller (Germany, 1851–1925)
• Johannes Müller (Germany, 1436–1476)
• Harutaro Murakami (Japan, 1872–1947)
• Osamu Muramatsu (Japan, 1949–)
• bin Musa, Ahmad (Persia, 805–873)
• bin Musa, Hasan (Persia, 810–873)
• bin Musa, Muhammad (Persia, (800–873)
• Nils Mustelin (Finland, 1931–2004)

• Nilakantha Somayaji (India, 1444–1544)
• Valentin Naboth (Germany, Italy, 1523–1593)
• Naburimannu (Babylonia, sometime between 6th century BC and 2nd century BC)
• Takeshi Nagata (Japan, 1913–1991)
• Ahmad Nahavandi (Persia, 7th–8th century)
• Akimasa Nakamura (Japan, 1961–)
• Syuichi Nakano (Japan, 1947–)
• Jayant Narlikar (India, 1938–)
• Naubakht (Persia, d. 776)
• Al-fadl ibn Naubakht (Persia, 8th century)
• Otto Neugebauer (Germany, United States, 1899–1990)
• Grigoriy Nikolaevich Neujmin (Russia, 1886–1946)
• Simon Newcomb (United States, 1835–1909)
• Isaac Newton (United Kingdom, 1643–1727)
• Seth Barnes Nicholson (United States, 1891–1963)
• Albertus Antonie Nijland (Netherlands, 1868–1936)
• Tsuneo Niijima (Japan, 1955–)
• Peter Nilson (Sweden, 1937–1998)
• Hōei Nojiri (Japan, 1885–1977)
• Jaime Nomen (Spain, 1960–)
• Toshiro Nomura (Japan, 1954–)

• Knut Jørgen Røed Ødegaard (Norway, 1966–)
• Okuro Oikawa (Japan, 1896–1970)
• Tarmo Oja (Sweden, 1934–)
• Tomimaru Okuni (Japan, 1931–)
• Nicolaus Olahus (Hungarian, 1493–1568)
• Heinrich Wilhelm Matthias Olbers (Germany, 1758–1840)
• Gerard O'Neill (United States, 1927–1992)
• Jan Hendrik Oort (Netherlands, 1900–1992)
• Pieter Oosterhoff (Netherlands, 1904–1978)
• Ernst Öpik (Estonia, Ireland, 1893–1985)
• José Luis Ortiz Moreno (Spain, 1967–)
• Yoshiaki Oshima (Japan, 1952–)
• Donald Edward Osterbrock, United States, 1924–2007)
• Liisi Oterma (Finland, 1915–2001)
• Satoru Otomo (Japan, 1957–)
• Jean Abraham Chrétien Oudemans (Netherlands, 1827–1906)

• Rafael Pacheco (Spain, 1954–)
• Bohdan Paczyński (Poland, 1940–2007)
• Ľudmila Pajdušáková (Czechoslovakia, 1916–1979)
• Johann Palisa (Austria, 1848–1925)
• Johann Palitzsch (Germany, 1723–1788)
• Anton Pannekoek (Netherlands, 1873–1960)
• Eugene Parker (United States, 1927–2022)
• George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield (United Kingdom, c. 1697–1764)
• William Parsons, Lord Rosse (Ireland, 1800–1867)
• André Patry (France, 1902–1960)
• Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (United Kingdom, United States, 1900–1979)
• Ruby Payne-Scott (Australia, 1912–1981)
• Jean-Claude Pecker (France, 1923–2020)
• James Peebles (Canada, United States, 1935–)
• Sir Cuthbert Peek, 2nd Baronet (UK, 1855–1901)
• Manuel Peimbert (Mexico, 1941–)
• Leslie Copus Peltier (United States, 1900–1980)
• Roger Penrose (United Kingdom, 1931–)
• Arno Penzias (United States, Germany, 1933–2024)
• Luboš Perek (Czech Republic, 1919–2020)
• Saul Perlmutter (United States, 1959–)
• Charles Dillon Perrine (United States, Argentina, 1867–1951)
• Henri Joseph Anastase Perrotin (France, 1845–1904)
• Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters (Germany, United States, 1813–1890)
• George Henry Peters (United States, 1863–1947)
• Mark M. Phillips (United States, 1951–)
• Giuseppe Piazzi (Italy, 1746–1826)
• Edward Charles Pickering (United States, 1846–1919)
• William Henry Pickering (United States, 1858–1938)
• Maynard Pittendreigh (United States, 1954–)
• Phil Plait (United States, 1964–)
• Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana (Italy, 1781–1864)
• Petrus Plancius (Netherlands, 1552–1622)
• John Stanley Plaskett (Canada, 1865–1941)
• Norman Robert Pogson (United Kingdom, 1829–1891)
• Christian Pollas (France, 1947–)
• John Pond (England, 1767–1836)
• Jean-Louis Pons (France, 1761–1831)
• Carolyn Porco (United States, 1953–)
• Vladimír Porubčan (Czechoslovakia, 1940–)
• Charles Pritchard (United Kingdom, 1808–1893)
• Richard Proctor (England, 1837–1888)
• Milorad B. Protić (Serbia, 1911– 2001)
• Ptolemy of Alexandria (Roman Egypt, c. 85–165)
• Pierre Puiseux (France, 1855–1928)
• Georg Purbach (Germany, 1423–1461)
• Pythagoras of Samos (Greece, 580 BC–500 BC)
• Paris Pişmiş (Armenia/Mexico, 1911–1999)

• Adolphe Quetelet (Belgium, 1796–1874)
• Ali Qushji (Ottoman, 1403–1474)
• M. Shahid Qureshi (Pakistan)

• David Lincoln Rabinowitz (United States, 1960–)
• Grote Reber (United States, 1911–2002)
• Martin Rees (United Kingdom, 1942–)
• Hubert Reeves (Canada, 1932–)
• Regiomontanus (Johannes Müller) (Germany, 1436–1476)
• Julius Reichelt (Germany, 1637–1717)
• Erasmus Reinhold (Prussia, Germany, 1511–1553)
• Karl Reinmuth (Germany, 1892–1979)
• Pieter Johannes van Rhijn (Netherlands, 1886–1960)
• Giovanni Battista Riccioli (Italy, 1598–1671)
• Mercedes Richards (Jamaica, 1955–2016)
• Jean Richer (France, 1630–1696)
• Edward Riddle (England, 1788–1854)
• Adam Riess (United States, 1969–)
• Fernand Rigaux (Belgium, 1905–1962)
• George Willis Ritchey (United States, 1864–1945)
• David Rittenhouse (United States, 1732–1796)
• Hans-Walter Rix (Germany, 1964–)
• Arjen Roelofs (Netherlands, 1754–1824)
• Nancy G. Roman (United States, 1925–2018)
• Elizabeth Roemer (United States, 1929–2016)
• Gustavo E. Romero (Argentina, (1964–)
• Roger of Hereford (England, c. 1176–1198)
• Ole Christensen Rømer (Denmark, 1644–1710)
• Otto A. Rosenberger (Germany, 1800–1890)
• Svein Rosseland (Norway, 1894–1985)
• Bruno Rossi (Italy, 1905–1993)
• Marta Graciela Rovira (Argentina)
• Vera Rubin (United States, 1928–2016)
• Henry Chamberlain Russell (Australia, 1836–1907)
• Henry Norris Russell (United States, 1877–1957)
• Martin Ryle (United Kingdom, 1918–1984)

• Sir Edward Sabine (Ireland, 1788–1883)
• Carl Sagan (United States, 1934–1996)
• Megh Nad Saha (India, 1893–1956)
• Edwin Ernest Salpeter (Austria, Australia, United States, 1924–2008)
• Allan Rex Sandage (United States, 1926–2010)
• Hendricus Gerardus van de Sande Bakhuyzen (Netherlands, 1838–1923)
• Wallace Leslie William Sargent (United Kingdom, United States, 1935–2012)
• Anneila Sargent (United Kingdom, United States, 1942–)
• Naoto Sato (Japan, 1953–)
• Alexandre Schaumasse (France, 1882–1958)
• Giovanni Schiaparelli (Italy, 1835–1910)
• Frank Schlesinger (United States, 1871–1943)
• Bernhard Schmidt (Estonia, Sweden, Germany, 1879–1935)
• Brian P. Schmidt (United States, 1967–)
• Maarten Schmidt (Netherlands, 1929–)
• Robert Schommer (United States, 1946–2001)
• Johann Hieronymus Schröter (Germany, 1745–1816)
• Lipót Schulhof (Hungary, 1847–1921)
• Heinrich Christian Schumacher (Germany, 1780–1850)
• Hans-Emil Schuster (Germany, 1934–)
• Samuel Heinrich Schwabe (Germany, 1789–1875)
• Karl Schwarzschild (Germany, 1873–1916)
• Martin Schwarzschild (Germany, United States, 1912–1997)
• Friedrich Karl Arnold Schwassmann (Germany, 1870–1964)
• James Vernon Scotti (United States, 1960–)
• Frederick Hanley Seares (United States, 1873–1964)
• George Mary Searle (United States, 1839–1918)
• Angelo Secchi (Italy, 1818–1878)
• Sadao Sei (Japan)
• Waltraut Seitter (Germany, 1930–2007)
• Tsutomu Seki (Japan, 1930–)
• Carl Keenan Seyfert (United States, 1911–1960)
• Grigory Abramovich Shajn (Russia, 1892–1956)
• Pelageya Fedorovna Shajn (Russia, 1894–1956)
• Harlow Shapley (United States, 1885–1972)
• Richard Sheepshanks (United Kingdom, 1794–1855)
• Shen Kuo (China, 1031–1035)
• Shi Shen (China, fl. 4th century BC)
• Shibukawa Shunkai (Japan, 1639–1715)
• Yoshisada Shimizu (Japan, 1943–)
• Shinzo Shinjo (Japan, 1873–1938)
• Qutb eddin Shirazi (Persia, 1236–1311)
• Iosif Samuilovich Shklovsky (Russia, 1916–1985)
• Vladimir Shkodrov (Bulgaria, 1930–2010)
• Carolyn Jean Spellmann Shoemaker (United States, 1929–2021)
• Eugene Merle Shoemaker (United States, 1928–1997)
• Seth Shostak (United States, 1943–)
• Andrew Siemion (United States, 1980–)
• Willem de Sitter (Netherlands, 1872–1934)
• Charlotte Moore Sitterly (United States, 1898–1990)
• Brian A. Skiff (United States)
• John Francis Skjellerup (Australia, South Africa, 1875–1952)
• Vesto Melvin Slipher (United States, 1875–1969)
• William Marshall Smart (United Kingdom, 1889–1975)
• Tamara Mikhaylovna Smirnova (Russia, 1935–2001)
• George Smoot (United States, 1945–)
• William Henry Smyth (United Kingdom, 1788–1865)
• Willebrord Snellius (Netherlands, 1580–1626)
• Mary Fairfax Somerville (United Kingdom, 1780–1872)
• Sir James South (United Kingdom, 1785–1867)
• Sir Harold Spencer Jones (United Kingdom, 1890–1960)
• Lyman Spitzer (United States, 1914–1997)
• Friederich Wilhelm Gustav Spörer (Germany, 1822–1895)
• Rainer Spurzem (Germany, 1956–)
• Anton Staus (Germany, 1872–1955)
• Joel Stebbins (United States, 1878–1966)
• Johan Stein (Netherlands, 1871–1951)
• Karl August von Steinheil, (Germany, 1801–1870)
• Édouard Stephan (France, 1837–1923)
• Denise Stephens (United States)
• Charles Bruce Stephenson (United States, 1929–2001))
• David J. Stevenson (New Zealand, 1948–)
• Edward James Stone (1831–1897)
• F. J. M. Stratton (United Kingdom, 1881–1960)
• Bengt Georg Daniel Strömgren (Denmark, 1908–1987)
• Friedrich Georg Wilhelm (von) Struve (Germany, Russia, 1793–1864)
• Karl Hermann Struve (Russia, Germany, 1854–1920)
• Gustav Wilhelm Ludwig Struve (Russia, 1858–1920)
• Otto Struve (Russia, United States, 1897–1963)
• Otto Wilhelm (von) Struve (Russia, 1819–1905)
• Su Song (China, 1020–1101)
• Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi (Persia, 903–986)
• Matsuo Sugano (Japan, 1939–)
• Atsushi Sugie (Japan)
• Nicholas Suntzeff (United States, 1952–)
• Rashid Alievich Sunyaev (Uzbekistan Russia Germany, 1943–)
• Shohei Suzuki (Japan)
• Lewis A. Swift (United States, 1820–1913)
• Frédéric Sy (France)

• Akihiko Tago (Japan, 1932–)
• Atsushi Takahashi (Japan, 1965–)
• Kesao Takamizawa (Japan, 1952–)
• Jill Tarter (United States, 1944–)
• Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. (United States, 1941–)
• John Tebbutt (Australia, 1834–1916)
• Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel (Germany, 1821–1889)
• Thabit ibn Qurra (Iraq, 826–901)
• Thorvald Nicolai Thiele (Denmark, 1838–1910)
• Louis Thollon (France, 1829–1887)
• Norman G. Thomas (United States, 1930–2020)
• John Thome (United States, Argentina, 1843–1908)
• Kip Stephen Thorne (United States, 1940–)
• Friedrich Tietjen (Germany, 1834–1895)
• Beatrice Muriel Hill Tinsley (New Zealand, United States, 1941–1981)
• François Félix Tisserand (France, 1845–1896)
• Johann Daniel Titius (Germany, 1729–1796)
• Yasuo Tanaka (Japan, 1931–2018)
• Clyde Tombaugh (United States, 1906–1997)
• Kōichirō Tomita (Japan, 1925–2006)
• Richard Tousey (United States, 1908–1997)
• Charles Townes (United States, 1915–2015)
• Virginia Trimble (United States, 1943–)
• Chad Trujillo (United States, 1973–)
• Robert Julius Trumpler (United States, 1886–1956)
• R. Brent Tully (United States, 1943–)
• Herbert Hall Turner (England, 1861–1930)
• Nasir al-Din Tusi (Persia, 1201–1274)
• Horace Parnell Tuttle (United States, 1839–1923)
• Neil deGrasse Tyson (United States, 1958–)

• Seiji Ueda (Japan, 1952–)
• Ulugh Beg (Uzbekistan, 1394–1449)
• Antonio de Ulloa (Spain), 1716–1795)
• Anne Barbara Underhill (Canada, 1920–2003)
• Albrecht Unsöld (Germany, 1905–1995)
• Takeshi Urata (Japan, 1947–2012)
• Mu’ayyad al-Din al-’Urdi (Persia d. 1266)
• Fumiaki Uto (Japan)

• Yrjö Väisälä (Finland, 1891–1971)
• Benjamin Valz (France, 1787–1867)
• James Van Allen (United States, 1914–2006)
• George Van Biesbroeck (Belgium, United States, 1880–1974)
• Hendrik Christoffel van de Hulst (Netherlands, 1918–2000)
• Peter van de Kamp (United States, 1901–1995)
• Sidney van den Bergh (Canada, 1929–)
• Martin van den Hove (Netherlands, 1605–1639)
• Hendricus Gerardus van de Sande Bakhuyzen (Netherlands, 1838–1923)
• Hendrik van Gent (Netherlands, South Africa, 1900–1947)
• Cornelis Johannes van Houten (Netherlands, 1920–2002)
• Pieter Johannes van Rhijn (Netherlands, 1886–1960)
• Gérard de Vaucouleurs (France, United States, 1918–1995)
• Zdeňka Vávrová (Czechoslovakia, 1945–)
• Jean-Pierre Verdet (France, 1932–)
• Philippe Véron (France, 1939–2014)
• Frank Washington Very (United States, 1852–1927)
• Yvon Villarceau (France, 1813–1883)
• Julie Vinter Hansen (Denmark), 1890–1960)
• Hermann Carl Vogel (Germany, 1841–1907)
• Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve (Germany, Russia, 1793–1864)
• Otto Wilhelm von Struve (Russia, 1819–1905)
• Alexander N. Vyssotsky (Russia/United States, 1888–1973)
• Emma Vyssotsky (United States, 1894–1975)

• Arno Arthur Wachmann (Germany, 1902–1990)
• Abul Wáfa (Persia, 940–997/998)
• Walcher of Malvern (England d. 1135)
• George Wallerstein (1930–2021)
• William Wales (United Kingdom, c. 1734–1798)
• Dennis Walsh (United Kingdom, 1933–2005)
• Qingde Wang (United States/China)
• Brian Warner (astronomer) (United Kingdom, 1939–)
• Brian D. Warner (United States, 1952–)
• Kazuro Watanabe (Japan, 1955–)
• James Craig Watson (United States, 1838–1880)
• Edmund Weaver (United Kingdom, 1663–1748)
• Kim Weaver (United States, 1969–)
• Thomas William Webb (United Kingdom, 1807–1885)
• Rachel Webster (Australia, 1951–)
• Alfred Lothar Wegener (Germany, 1880–1930)
• Gary A. Wegner (United States, 1944–)
• Wei Pu (China, 960–1279)
• Karl von Weizsäcker (Germany, 1912–2007)
• Godefroy Wendelin (Belgium, 1580–1667)
• Richard M. West (Denmark, 1941–)
• Gart Westerhout (Netherlands, United States, 1927–2012)
• Bengt Westerlund (Sweden, 1921–2008)
• J. G. Westphal (Germany, 1824–1859)
• Johann Heinrich Westphal (Germany, Italy, 1794–1831)
• George Wetherill (1925–2006)
• John Archibald Wheeler (United States, 1911–2008)
• Fred Lawrence Whipple (United States, 1906–2004)
• Albert Whitford (United States, 1905–2002)
• Mary Watson Whitney (United States, 1847–1921)
• Chandra Wickramasinghe (United Kingdom, 1939–)
• Paul Wild (Switzerland, 1925–2014)
• Olin C. Wilson (United States, 1909–1994)
• Ida E. Woods (United States, 1870–1940)
• Robert Wilson (United States, 1936–)
• Rogier Windhorst (United States, 1955–)
• Vincent Wing (UK, 1619–1668)
• Anna Winlock (United States, 1857–1904)
• Henry "Trae" Winter (United States, 1972)
• John Winthrop (Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1714–1779)
• Friedrich August Theodor Winnecke (Germany, 1835–1897)
• Carl Wirtanen (United States, 1910–1990)
• Jack Wisdom (United States, 1953–)
• Gustav Witt (Germany, 1866–1946)
• Maximilian Wolf (Germany, 1863–1932)
• Aleksander Wolszczan (Poland, 1946–)
• Edith Jones Woodward (United States), (1914–2002)
• Richard van der Riet Woolley (United Kingdom, 1906–1986)
• Frances Woodworth Wright (United States, 1897–1989)
• Thomas Wright (United Kingdom, 1711–1786)
• Gillian Wright (United Kingdom)

• Issei Yamamoto (Japan, 1889–1959)
• Masayuki Yanai (Japan, 1959–)
• Yi Xing (China, 683–727)
• Anne Sewell Young (United States, 1871–1961)
• Charles Augustus Young (United States, 1834–1908)
• James Whitney Young (United States, 1941–)
• Judith Young (United States, 1952–2014)

• Franz Xaver von Zach (Germany, 1753–1832)
• Abraham Zacuto (Spain/Portugal, 1450–1510)
• John Zarnecki (UK, 1949–)
• Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich (USSR, 1914–1987)
• Zhang Daqing (China, 1969–)
• Zhang Heng (China, 78–139)
• Zhang Yuzhe (China, 1902–1986)
• Lyudmila Vasil'evna Zhuravleva (Russia/Ukraine, 1946–)
• Felix Ziegel (Soviet Union, 1920–1988)
• Zu Chongzhi (China, 429–500)
• Fritz Zwicky (Switzerland, United States, 1898–1974)

The following is a list of people who are not astronomers but made a contribution to the field of astronomy and astrophysics.

• Hans Bethe (1906–2005), (physicist)
• Niels Bohr (1885–1962), (physicist)
• Andreas Cellarius (Netherlands, Germany, 1596–1665), (cartographer)
• Freeman Dyson (1923–2020), (physicist)
• Albert Einstein (1879–1955), (physicist)
• Karl Guthe Jansky (United States, 1905–1950), (radio astronomer)
• James Clerk Maxwell (United Kingdom, 1831–1879), (physicist)
• Thomas Young (United Kingdom, 1773–1829), (physicist)
• Abdus Salam (1926–1996), (physicist)
• Riazuddin (1936–2013), (physicist)

• List of astronomical instrument makers
• List of women astronomers
• List of Russian astronomers and astrophysicists

Citations

General sources

• Astronomical Society of the Pacific: Women in Astronomy
• The Oldest Living Astronomers in India honored by World Records India