Collagen, type XV, alpha 1

Collagen alpha-1(XV) chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COL15A1 gene.^[5][6]

COL15A1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3N3F
Identifiers
Aliases	COL15A1, collagen type XV alpha 1 chain
External IDs	OMIM: 120325; MGI: 88449; HomoloGene: 1396; GeneCards: COL15A1; OMA:COL15A1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 9 (human)[1] Band 9q22.33 Start 98,943,179 bp[1] End 99,070,792 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 4 (mouse)[2] Band 4|4 B1 Start 47,208,161 bp[2] End 47,313,167 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in skin of hip placenta synovial joint cardia cartilage tissue right ventricle pericardium superficial temporal artery saphenous vein cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium Top expressed in ascending aorta aortic valve lactiferous gland cardiac muscle tissue of left ventricle sciatic nerve white adipose tissue extraocular muscle uterus subcutaneous adipose tissue thoracic diaphragm More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function extracellular matrix structural constituent structural molecule activity extracellular matrix structural constituent conferring tensile strength Cellular component integral component of membrane basement membrane collagen endoplasmic reticulum lumen extracellular exosome collagen type XV trimer extracellular region extracellular matrix extracellular space collagen-containing extracellular matrix Biological process collagen catabolic process multicellular organism development cell differentiation angiogenesis signal transduction cell adhesion extracellular matrix organization Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 1306 12819 Ensembl ENSG00000204291 ENSMUSG00000028339 UniProt P39059 O35206 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001855 NM_009928 RefSeq (protein) NP_001846 NP_034058 Location (UCSC) Chr 9: 98.94 – 99.07 Mb Chr 4: 47.21 – 47.31 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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This gene encodes the alpha chain of type XV collagen, a member of the FACIT collagen family (fibril-associated collagens with interrupted helices). Type XV collagen has a wide tissue distribution but the strongest expression is localized to basement membrane zones so it may function to adhere basement membranes to underlying connective tissue stroma. Mouse studies have shown that collagen XV deficiency is associated with muscle and microvessel deterioration.^[6]

Type XV collagen is known to be a tumor suppressor that can be used to understand tumor cells environment. Type XV collagen provides the membrane with support and cell anchorage but does not typically have a tight structural network.^[7]

Changes of collagen XV can be known to lead to cancer-like behavior in tissues. The loss of collagen XV would no longer provide structural support for the membrane, which can cause tumor cells to invade the basement membrane; prompting possible metastasis. The over expression of collagen XV is known to be found in cervical cancer.^[8]

For possible future medical purposes the lack of collagen XV present in tissues can be a means for indication of an invasive tumor.^[8]