This is a list of rulers of the island of Crete throughout its history.
Antiquity Crete was conquered for the Roman Republic by Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus in 69 BC and united with the Cyrenaica in the province of Creta et Cyrenaica until 193 AD, when it became a separate province.
Roman governors of Creta et Cyrenaica Name Tenure Publius Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus 74 BC Gnaeus Tremellius Scrofa 51—50 BC Gaius Clodius Vestalis[1] during the reign of Augustus Marcus Titius during the reign of Augustus Publius Sulpicius Quirinius c. 21/20 BC Fabius before 13 BC Quintus Lucanius Proculus after 12 BC Publius Sextius Scaeva 7/6 BC Lucius Plotius Vicinas 2 BC – 7 AD (Lollius) Palikanus during the reign of Augustus Marcus Nonius Balbus during the reign of Augustus Scato during the reign of Augustus Gaius Rubellius Blandus during the reign of Augustus Cesius Cordus c. AD 21 Publius Octavius between AD 14 and 29 Occius Flamma during the reign of Tiberius Cornelius Lupus during the reign of Tiberius Publius Viriasius Naso during the reign of Tiberius Celer during the reign of Tiberius Augurinus during the reign of Caligula Quintus Cassius Gratus before 53 Caesernius Veiento c. 46/47 Publius Pomponius Secundus before 44 Cestius Proculus before 56 Pedius Blaesus before 59 Bruttidius Sabinus 1st half 1st century Lucius Turpilius Dexter 64/65 Titus Atilius Rufus 67 Aulus Minicius Rufus [2] 71/72 Catullus 72/73 Gaius Arinius Modestus 73–75 Silo during the reign of Vespasian Aulus Julius Quadratus 84/85 Gaius Pomponius Gallus Didius Rufus 88/89 Sabinus during the reign of Domitian ? Helvius during the reign of Domitian Gnaeus Suillius Rufus during the reign of Domitian/Trajan Gaius Memmius ... 98/99 Lucius Elufrius Severus 99/100 Lucius Silius [...] First century AD Lucius Aemilius Honoratus during the reign of Trajan Titus Vibius Va[rus] during the reign of Trajan Q. [...] 118/119 Salvius Carus 134/135 Quintus Caecilius Marcellus Dentilianus [3] 149/150 Quintus Julius Potitus between 145 and 161 Gaius Claudius Titianus Demostratus 161/162 Pomponius Naevianus between 165 and 169 Veturius Paccianus shortly before 168 Quintus Servilius Pudens after 164 Lucius Saevinus Proculus c. 173/174 Quintus Caecilius Rufinus between 160 and 180 Numisius Marcellianus between 161 and 180 Lucius Sempronius [...] attested 191/192[4] Gaius Julius Septimius Castinus c. 204 Gnaeus Petronius Probatus Junior Justus between 222 and 235
Roman governors of Crete After the reforms of Emperor Diocletian in the 290s, Crete's governor held the rank of consularis .
Name Tenure Aglaus proconsul 286?/293[5] M. Aur. Buzes praeses 293/305[5] Agrianus c. 304[5] Fortunatianus Servilius 364–370[6] Fl. Fursidius Aristides 372/376[5] Oecumenius Dositheus Asclepiodotus 382–383[7] Aemilius Quintilius Pyrrhus after 383[5] Callinicus 412/413[8]
Byzantine and Arab periods Crete became part of the East Roman or Byzantine Empire upon the partition of the Roman Empire in 395 AD. It remained in Byzantine hands until it was conquered by Andalusian exiles in the mid-820s and became an emirate , nominally under Abbasid suzerainty. The emirate became a major base for Muslim naval raids along the coasts of the Byzantine Empire, and several attempts at reconquest failed. The Byzantines finally retook the island in 961 under the leadership of Nikephoros Phokas , and held it until 1205.
First Byzantine period Proconsul Archon Theophanes Lardotyros (c. 764–767) John (8th century) Leo (8th century) Basil (8th century) Baasakios (8th/9th century) Nicholas (8th/9th century) Nicholas (8th/9th century) Petronas (first years of the 9th century) Constantine (first quarter of the 9th century) Strategos Emirs of Crete Second Byzantine period Strategos Michael (10th/11th century) Basil (c. 1000) Bracheon Philaretos (c. 1028) Eumathios (1028) Doux (katepano) Michael Karantenos (1088–1089) Karykes (1090–1092)Nikephoros Diogenes (before 1094) Michael (11th/12th century) John Elladas (1118) John Straboromanos (mid-12th century) Alexios Kontostephanos (1167) Constantine Doukas (1183) Stephen Kontostephanos (1193) Nikephoros Kontostephanos (1197) Venetian period, 1212–1669 Genoese governors, 1204–1212
Dukes of Crete, 1209–1669 The supreme Venetian governor of Crete bore the title of "Duke of Crete" (Italian : duca di Candia , Latin : dux Cretae ).
Name Tenure Jacopo Tiepolo 1209–1214 Pietro Querini 1216 Domenico Delfino 1216–1217 Paolo Querini 1222 Giovanni Michiel 1227–1228 Marino Storlato 1229–1230 Stefano Giustiniani 1236 Jacopo I Barozzi 1244 Albertino Morosini 1255–1257 Giacomo Delfino 1261–1262 Giovanni Velenio 1273–1274 Marino Zeno 1274 Marino Morosini 1274–1276 Pietro Zeno 1276 Marino Gradenigo 1279 Jacopo Dondulo 1281–1283 Albertino Morosini 1290–1293 Michel Vitali 1299 Jacopo II Barozzi 1301 Marino Badoer 1313–1315 Nicolò Zani 1317 Giovanni Morosini 1327–1329 Mario Morosini 1329–1331 Viago Zeno 1333 Andrea Cornaro 1340 Nicolò Priuli 19 November 1340 – 10 February 1341 Petri Miani 26 October 1344 – 24 April 1345 Marco da Molin 24 April 1345 – 19 August 1347 Marco Cornaro 20 August 1347 – 25 November 1348 Marino Grimani 25 November 1348 – 17 September 1350 Pietro Gradenigo 24 September 1350 – 15 August 1352 Marino Morosini 20 September 1352 – 6 September 1355 Goffredo Morosini 6 September 1355 – 20 July 1357 Filippo Orio 30 July 1357 – 6 August 1358 Pietro Badoer 22 August 1358 – 14 July 1360 Leonardo Dandolo 12 October 1360 – 6 February 1362 Marco Gradenigo 1362–1364 Pietro Morosini 1364–1366 Paolo Zuliani 1382 Tommaso Mocenigo 1403–1405 Lodovico Morosini 1407–1409 Egidio Morosini 1417–1418 Andrea Mocenigo 1441–1443 Tommaso Duodo 1443-1445 Andrea Donato 1445-1447 Antonio Diedo 1447-1449 Bernardo Balbi 1450-1453 Benedetto Vitturi 1453-1456 Girardo Dandolo 1456-1459 Leonardo Duodo 1459-1462 Giacomo Barozzi ca. 1463 Benedetto Gritti 1472–1473 Giovanni Pisani 1477-1479 Giovanni Borgia 1497 Girolamo Donato 1508–1510 Paolantonio Emiliano 1510 Giacomo Cornaro 1528 Giovanni Morosini ca. 1530 Antonio Morosini ca. 1530 Antonio Amulio 1536–1538 Giovanni Moro 1538 Ferdinando Vitturi 1539 Alvise Renier 1550 Lodovico Gritti 1552–1554 Zacharia Mocenigo 1559–1563 Marco di Lauro Querini 1570 Pasqual Cicogna 1585 Giovanni Sagredo 1604 Francesco Morosini 1612–1614 Donato Morosini 1617–1619 Marco Gradenigo 1627–1629 Lazaro Mocenigo 1629–1631 Bernardo Morosini 1644–1646 Giuseppe Morosini 1650–1653 Francesco Morosini 1656 Antonio Barbaro 1667 Girolamo Battagia 1667
Ottoman period, 1646–1898 Name Tenure Çelebi Ismail Pasha 1693–1695 Hasan Pasha 1699/1700 Kalaylikoz Haci Ahmed Pasha 1701–1704 Abdullah Pasha 1704–1713 Hüseyin Pasha 1713 Kara Mehmed Pasha 1713–1718 Silahtar Ibrahim Pasha 1718–1719 Esad Pasha 1719–1720 Cerkes Osman Pasha 1720–1723 Osman Pasha 1723–1724 Hüseyin Pasha 1724–1725 Koca Mehmed Pasha 1725–1726 Osman Pasha 1726–1728 Haci Halil Pasha 1728–1729 Mehmed Pasha 1730–1731 Sahin Mehmed Pasha 1731 Azimzade Ismail Pasha 1731–1732 Haci Halil Pasha (again) 1732–1733 Haci Ali Pasha 1733–1734 Hafiz Ahmed Pasha 1734–1735 Haci Huseyin Pasha 1735–1736 Ismail Pasha 1736–1737 Haci Ivazzade Mehmed Pasha 1737–1740 Hüseyin Pasha 1740–1741 Sari Mehmed Pasha 1742 Haci Ivazzade Mehmed Pasha (again) 1742–1743 Numan Pasha 1743–1745 Ali Pasha 1745–1746 Köprülüzade Ahmed Pasha 1746–1747 Elçi Mustafa Pasha 1747–1750 Mustafa Pasha 1750 Ibrahim Pasha 1750–1751 Numan Pasha 1751–1754 Melek Mehmed Pasha 1754–1755 Mehmed Said Pasha 1755 Ali Pasha 1755–1757 Mehmed Pasha 1757–1758 Kiamil Ahmed Pasha 1758–1764 Tosun Mehmed Pasha 1764–1766 Hüsnü Pasha 1766–1768 Feyzullah Pasha 1768–1769 Tokmakzade Hasan Pasha 1769–1770 Ampra Süleyman Pasha 1771–1773 Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha 1773–1774 Ibrahim Pasha 1774 Dervish Ali Pasha 1774–1776 Kara Ahmed Pasha 1776–1778 Ibrahim Pasha (again) 1778 Mustafa Pasha Hacizade 1778–1779 Mustafa Pasha Mirahor 1779 Mehmed Emin Pasha 1779–1780 Mustafa Pasha Hacizade (again) 1780 Raif Ismail Pasha 1781–1782 Aslan Pasha 1782–1783 Kassupis Seyit Ali Pasha 1783 Abdullah Pasha 1783–1784 Ekmezi Mehmed Pasha 1784–1786 Süleyman Pasha Zorlu 1786–1787 Mehmed Pasha 1787 Mustafa Pasha Hacizade (yet again) 1787 Mehmed Izzet Pasha 1787–1788 Ekmezi Mehmed Pasha (again) 1788–1789 Abdullah Pasha Azamzade 1789 Yusuf Pasha 1789–1790 Hüseyin Pasha 1790–1793 Hasan Pasha 1793–1797 Ferhad Pasha 1797 Said Hafiz Pasha 1797–1798 Mehmed Hakki Pasha 1798–1799 Tahir Pasha 1799–1801 Sami Pasha 1801–1802 Ardinli Mehmed Pasha 1802–1803 Abdullah Dervis Pasha 1803 Mustafa Hasip Pasha 1803–1804 Mehmed Hüsrev Pasha 1804–1805 Vani Mehmed Pasha 1805 Osman Pasha 1805–1806 Said Hafiz Pasha (again) 1806–1807 Kadri Pasha 1807–1808 Marasli Ali Pasha 1808–1809 Kadri Pasha (again) 1809–1810 Hafiz Pasha 1810–1811 Sami Bekir Pasha 1811–1812 Kurd Haci Osman Pasha 1812–1815 Ibrahim Pasha 1815–1816 Vehid Fazil Pasha 1816–1819 Hilmi Ibrahim Pasha 1819–1820 Serif Pasha 1820 Said Lütfullah Pasha 1820–1826 Kara Süleyman Pasha 1826–1829 Mehmed Zehrab Pasha 1829–1830 Mustafa Naili Pasha 1830–1851 Salih Vamik Pasha 1851–1852 Mehmed Emin Pasha 1852–1855 Veliüddin Pasha 1855–1857 Abdürrahman Sami Pasha 1857–1858 Hüseyin Hüsnü Pasha 1858–1859 Ismail Rahmi Pasha 1859–1861 Hekim Ismail Pasha 1861–1866 Mustafa Naili Pasha (again) 1866–1867 Hussein Avni Pasha 1867 Serdar Ekrem Ömer Pasha 1867 Hussein Avni Pasha (again) 1867–1868 Arif Efendi (acting) 1868 Kücük Ömer Fevzi Pasha 1868–1870 Mehmed Rauf Pasha bin Abdi Pasha 1870–1871 Kücük Ömer Fevzi Pasha (again) 1871–1872 Redif Pasha 1872 Safvet Pasha 1872–1873 Mehmed Rauf Pasha bin Abdi Pasha (again) 1873–1874 Hasan Sami 1874–1875 Redif Pasha (again) 1875 Ahmed Muhtar Pasha 1875–1876 Hasan Sami (again) 1876–1877 Konstantinos Adosidis Pasha 1877–1878 Ahmed Muhtar Pasha (again) 1878 Alexander Karatheodori Pasha 27 Nov 1878 – 14 Dec 1878 Ioannis Photiades Pasha 1879–1885 Ioannis Savas Pasha 1885–1887 Kostakis Anthopoulos Pasha 1887–1888 Nikolakis Sartinki Pasha 1888–1889 Hasan Reza Pasha 1889 Shakir Pasha 1889–1890 Ahmed Cevad Pasha 1890–1891 Mahmud Celaleddin Pasha 1891–1894 Turhan Pasha Përmeti 1894–1895 Iskender Pasha 1895–1896 Alexander Karatheodori Pasha (again) Feb 1896 – Mar 1896 Turhan Pasha Përmeti (again) 12 Mar 1896 – May 1896 Kölemen Abdullah Pasha May 1896 – Jun 1896 Djordje Berovich Pasha (Georgios Verovits ) 28 Jun 1896 – 14 Feb 1897 Musavir Ismail Bey (acting) Feb 1897 – 4 Nov 1898 Ahmed Cevad Pasha (Ottoman Military Governor)24 Jul 1897 – 10 Oct 1898 Shakir Pasha (Ottoman Military Governor) Oct 1898 – Nov 1898
Modern period, 1898–today Notes Sources Jacoby, David (2006). "The Venetian Government and Administration in Latin Constantinople, 1204–1261: A State within a State". In Gherardo Ortalli; Giorgio Ravegnani; Peter Schreiner (eds.). Quarta Crociata. Venezia - Bisanzio - Impero latino. Atti delle giornate di studio. Venezia, 4-8 maggio 2004 . Venice: Istituto veneto di scienze, lettere ed arti. pp. 19–79. ISBN 978-8-8881-4374-3 . External links