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42nd United States Congress

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The 42nd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1871, to March 4, 1873, during the third and fourth years of Ulysses S. Grant's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1860 United States census. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

42nd United States Congress
41st ←
→ 43rd
United States Capitol (1877)
March 4, 1871 – March 4, 1873
Members74 senators
243 representatives
10 non-voting delegates
Senate majorityRepublican
Senate PresidentSchuyler Colfax (R)
House majorityRepublican
House SpeakerJames G. Blaine (R)
Sessions
1st: March 4, 1871 – April 20, 1871
2nd: December 4, 1871 – June 10, 1872
3rd: December 2, 1872 – March 4, 1873

Major events

Major legislation

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

Party
(shading shows control)		TotalVacant
Democratic
(D)		Liberal
Republican
(LR)		Republican
(R)
End of previous congress12062740
Begin1415570 4
End 17 54 722
Final voting share 23.6% 1.4% 75.0%
Beginning of next congress19350722

House of Representatives

Party
(shading shows control)		TotalVacant
Democratic
(D)		Independent
Republican
(IR)		Liberal
Republican
(LR)		Republican
(R)		Other
End of previous congress67001695[a]2412
Begin102131350241 2
End 106 4 130
Final voting share 44.0% 0.4% 1.7% 53.9% 0.0%
Beginning of next congress91041896[b]2902

Leadership

President of the Senate Schuyler Colfax

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1874; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1876; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1872.

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Speaker of the House James G. Blaine

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

  • Replacements: 0
  • Deaths: 0
  • Resignations: 2
  • Contested elections: 0
  • Total seats with changes: 4
Senate changes
State
(class)		Vacated byReason for changeSuccessorDate of successor's
formal installation[c]
Virginia (2)VacantLegislature had failed to elect.
Previous incumbent re-elected March 15, 1871.		John W. Johnston (D)March 15, 1871
Georgia (2)VacantFoster Blodgett presented credentials as Senator-elect, but the Senate declared him not elected.
Successor elected November 14, 1871.		Thomas M. Norwood (D)November 14, 1871
Mississippi (2)VacantDelayed taking seat in order to serve as Governor of MississippiJames L. Alcorn (R)December 1, 1871
North Carolina (2)VacantLegislature had failed to elect.
Successor elected January 30, 1872.		Matt W. Ransom (D)January 30, 1872
Kentucky (3)Garrett Davis (D)Died September 22, 1872.
Successor appointed September 27, 1872.
Appointee was later elected January 21, 1873, to finish the term.[1]		Willis B. Machen (D)September 27, 1872
Louisiana (3)William P. Kellogg (R)Resigned November 1, 1872, after being elected Governor of LouisianaVacantNot filled this Congress
Massachusetts (2)Henry Wilson (R)Resigned March 3, 1873, after being elected U.S. Vice PresidentVacantNot filled this Congress

House of Representatives

House changes
DistrictVacated byReason for changeSuccessorDate of successor's
formal installation[c]
District of Columbia At-largeNew seatDistrict of Columbia's At-large district created March 4, 1871, and remained vacant until April 21, 1871Norton P. Chipman (R)April 21, 1871
Illinois At-largeVacantRep. John A. Logan resigned at the end of the previous congress after being elected to the US SenateJohn L. Beveridge (R)November 7, 1871
Michigan 4thVacantRep. Thomas W. Ferry resigned at the end of the previous congress after being elected to the US SenateWilder D. Foster (R)December 4, 1871
Illinois 6thBurton C. Cook (R)Resigned August 26, 1871Henry Snapp (R)December 4, 1871
Louisiana 4thJames McCleery (R)Died November 5, 1871Alexander Boarman (LR)December 3, 1872
Massachusetts 9thWilliam B. Washburn (R)Resigned December 5, 1871, after being elected Governor of MassachusettsAlvah Crocker (R)January 2, 1872
Arkansas 3rdJohn Edwards (LR)Lost contested election February 9, 1872Thomas Boles (R)February 9, 1872
Massachusetts 7thGeorge M. Brooks (R)Resigned May 13, 1872, after becoming judge of probate for Middlesex CountyConstantine C. Esty (R)December 2, 1872
Texas 3rdWilliam T. Clark (R)Lost contested election May 13, 1872Dewitt C. Giddings (D)December 13, 1872
Ohio 1stAaron F. Perry (R)Resigned July 14, 1872Ozro J. Dodds (D)October 9, 1872
Georgia 4thThomas J. Speer (R)Died August 18, 1872Erasmus W. Beck (D)December 2, 1872
Connecticut 1stJulius L. Strong (R)Died September 7, 1872Joseph R. Hawley (R)December 2, 1872
Pennsylvania 13thUlysses Mercur (R)Resigned December 2, 1872, after becoming an assoc. justice of the Supreme Court of PennsylvaniaFrank C. Bunnell (R)December 24, 1872
Illinois At-largeJohn L. Beveridge (R)Resigned January 4, 1873, after being elected Lieutenant Governor of IllinoisVacantNot filled this term
South Carolina 2ndRobert C. De Large (R)Seat declared vacant January 24, 1873, after election was contested by Christopher C. BowenVacantNot filled this term
Florida At-largeJosiah T. Walls (R)Lost contested election January 29, 1873Silas L. Niblack (D)January 29, 1873

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Caucuses

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

References

  • Byrd, Robert C.; Wolff, Wendy (October 1, 1993). The Senate, 1789-1989: Historical Statistics, 1789-1992 (volume 4 Bicentennial ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 9780160632563.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

External links

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