Chyna

Joan Marie Laurer was born in Rochester, New York, on December 27, 1969.

Her parents divorced when she was around four years old. She had three stepfathers and one stepmother. She said her first stepfather threatened suicide at one point,^[16] while her biological father had a problem with alcoholism and once accidentally stabbed her mother in the thigh with a butcher knife.^[17] From 1973 to 1983, she, her siblings and her mother moved several times.^[17]

As a child, Laurer learned to play violin and cello.^[18] She later said that in seventh grade she was sexually kissed by a much older teacher who worked at her school.^[19] At 13, while attending Penfield High School, she began purging after she ate.^[20] She left home at 16 when her mother tried to force her into a drug rehabilitation facility and lived with her biological father.^[21] That year, she began working out, and because her abdominal muscles were so strong, she did not feel any pain when she developed an ovarian tumor.^[19] She finished her last year of high school in Spain.^[22]

Laurer attended the University of Tampa,^[23] graduating in 1992 with a major in Spanish literature.^[24] She studied French and German there (she could converse in either language)^[24] and said that during this time she was raped by two men after getting drunk at a party.^[25] She was a member of the ROTC.^[23] She originally wanted to use her knowledge of foreign languages to work for the Federal Bureau of Investigation or Drug Enforcement Administration.^[24] She subsequently joined the Peace Corps and was assigned to Guatemala.^[26]

After returning from abroad, she held several jobs: a cocktail waitress in a strip club, singer in a band, and a 900-number chat line worker.^[27] In her mid-to-late 20s, while living in the Florida Keys, she took a six-week class to train as a flight attendant.^[28] On the way to her first flight, she was in a car crash and spent four days in the hospital.^[29] When she recovered, her sister Kathy helped her get a job selling pagers; they both also worked as belly dancers.^[30]

After college, Laurer began to regularly enter fitness competitions. In 1996, she competed in the New York City regional level of the Fitness America competition.^[31] Because of her large size compared to the other women, she usually finished in last place.^[31]

Early career (1995–1997)

Laurer trained at Wladek "Killer" Kowalski's professional wrestling school in Malden, Massachusetts.^[8] Her first match was in 1995 against a male wrestler dressed as a woman.^[9] While attending the school, she also worked for various independent promotions as Joanie Lee.^[32][33] Some of her earliest matches were set up by The Fabulous Moolah.^[33][34]

Laurer met World Wrestling Federation (WWF) performers Paul "Triple H" Levesque and Shawn Michaels after a professional wrestling show in 1996.^[35][36] After watching tapes of her matches, they decided to bring her into the WWF as a bodyguard.^[35][36] Vince McMahon, owner of the WWF, initially did not want her to join the company because he did not believe the audience would find a woman beating up men believable.^[36][37] While waiting for the WWF's decision, Laurer was approached by World Championship Wrestling (WCW), who wanted her to be the sole female member of the New World Order.^[38] She initially accepted the offer, but later turned it down when Shane McMahon, Vince McMahon's son, informed her that she was about to be hired by the WWF.^[38] However, Kowalski said that he got Laurer hired by the WWF after introducing her to Shane McMahon and telling him of WCW's interest in her.^[39]

World Wrestling Federation (1997–2001)

D-Generation X (1997–1999)

Laurer made her WWF debut on February 16, 1997, at In Your House 13: Final Four; her character emerged as a plant from a ringside seat, choking Marlena while Goldust was in the ring with Triple H.^[40] The next night, she appeared on Raw and bearhugged Marlena. Her original role in the promotion was as the laconic enforcer/bodyguard for D-Generation X, which was founded by Shawn Michaels and Triple H. She often helped them (then, a rising villain) cheat to win by physically interfering in matches by executing her trademark low blow to the groin.^[40] She was later given the ring name "Chyna", an intentionally ironic moniker; fine china is delicate and fragile, a sharp contrast to her character.^[41] Offstage, however, the male wrestlers were hesitant at first to let a woman be seen overpowering them.^[42]

During her time in D-Generation X, she was put in a romantic storyline with Mark Henry, member of the rival stable Nation of Domination.^[43] It started in August 1998 after The Rock ordered Henry to kiss Chyna to humiliate her, during which she fought back.^[44] Henry would chase her romantically, eventually threatening her with a storyline sexual harassment demand over one of her beatdowns if she didn't go to a date with him.^[45] Chyna accepted and eventually reconciled with him, becoming his on-screen girlfriend and ally.^[46] However, in January 1999, she revealed it was all a ruse to humiliate Henry.^[47]

A week after her storyline with Henry, Chyna was the 30th entrant in the Royal Rumble, becoming the first woman ever to enter the eponymous match. In the match she eliminated Mark Henry before being eliminated by Stone Cold Steve Austin.^[24][48] The day after it, she turned heel by betraying Triple H and aligning herself with his enemies Vince McMahon and Kane.^[36] She teamed with Kane at the St. Valentine's Day Massacre pay-per-view against former allies X-Pac and Triple H.^[49] At WrestleMania XV, she turned on Kane in his match by attacking him with a chair, appearing to rejoin DX.^[36][50] Chyna and Triple H, however, turned against DX later that evening when they helped Shane McMahon defeat DX member X-Pac.^[50] The duo became part of The Corporation and later Shane McMahon's Corporate Ministry. Following the dissolution of the Corporate Ministry, the villainous Chyna remained at Triple H's side.^[36] They split up later that year.

Intercontinental Champion (1999–2000)

In June 1999, Chyna became the first woman to qualify for the King of the Ring tournament.^[36] She was also the first woman to be the number one contender for the WWF Championship, but lost the spot to Mankind before SummerSlam in August.^[36] Later that year, she became a fan favorite again during her long feud with Jeff Jarrett. She challenged the British Bulldog to a match on the October 4, 1999, Raw, and defeated him.^[51] At Unforgiven, she had a match for the WWF Intercontinental Championship against Jarrett, which she lost.^[52] She defeated Jarrett for the title at No Mercy in his last WWF match, a Good Housekeeping match on October 17, in the process becoming the first and only woman to win the Intercontinental Championship.^[53][54] She also gained the services of his valet, Miss Kitty. Laurer said that Jarrett demanded (and received) $300,000 from Vince McMahon to lose the title cleanly to a woman.^[55] His contract had expired on October 16, and he was therefore not contractually obligated to appear on the pay-per-view.^[56] If he had not appeared, the WWF would have been criticized for false advertising, and the title's lineage would have been broken.^[57]

Chyna then feuded with Chris Jericho over the belt, defeating him at Survivor Series,^[58] but losing the title to him at Armageddon.^[59] They faced off again in a match on the edition of December 28 of SmackDown!, which ended controversially with both wrestlers pinning each other. As a result, then "head of authority" Stephanie McMahon-Helmsley declared them co-champions.^[60] At the Royal Rumble, Jericho and Chyna defended the title against Hardcore Holly in a Triple Threat match to determine the Intercontinental Champion, which Jericho won.^[61] Chyna's "co-champions" reign is no longer recognized by WWE and is now considered a continuation of Jericho's second Intercontinental reign.^[62] Afterwards, Chyna briefly teamed with Jericho.

Storyline with Eddie Guerrero and Women's Champion (2000–2001)

Not long after losing the Intercontinental title, Chyna became the onscreen girlfriend of Eddie Guerrero. Originally villains, they became fan favorites during the summer of 2000, with Guerrero dubbing her his "Mamacita".^[63] They faced Val Venis and then-rookie Trish Stratus in an intergender tag team match at SummerSlam with the Intercontinental Championship on the line.^[64] Chyna won the match, but lost the belt two weeks later to Guerrero in a Triple Threat match with Kurt Angle.^[65] They officially split in November 2000 after Chyna, in storyline, found Eddie cavorting in the shower with two other women.^[66]

At the same time, Chyna posed nude for Playboy magazine's November 2000 issue.^[5] It was also worked into a WWF storyline (based, in part, on a real-life legal feud between the WWF and the socially conservative Parents Television Council),^[67] in which it drew the ire of the Right to Censor (a group of morally conservative wrestlers). Shortly after, Chyna began a feud with Ivory, a member of the Right to Censor, over the Women's Championship. It culminated in a storyline at the Royal Rumble where Chyna appeared to reinjure her neck while performing a handspring back elbow.^[68][69] To convince the audience she was injured, color commentator Jerry Lawler left the commentators' booth and entered the ring to check on her condition, something he had not done since the in-ring accident that killed Owen Hart in 1999.^[68] When she returned from the "injury", she won the Women's Championship from Ivory at WrestleMania X-Seven in a squash match.^[70] She also defended her title against Lita at Judgment Day in 2001.^[71] She soon vacated the title, however, as it was her final WWF match.

She left the WWF on November 30, 2001, several months after she had been taken off of television.^[72] Various accounts of her departure have circulated over the years. Behind the scenes, her former real-life boyfriend Paul "Triple H" Levesque began a relationship with Stephanie McMahon; Chyna said the pair began seeing each other before she and Levesque had broken up.^[73] In a 2002 interview with The Baltimore Sun, she indicated that the breakup with Levesque had nothing to do with her leaving WWF and that she left to pursue an acting career.^[74] Jim Ross, then Executive Vice President of Talent Relations, reports that it was "mutually agreed" to let her WWF contract expire in order for her to explore other career options.^[75] In a 2015 interview with Vince Russo, she said that after a meeting with Vince McMahon about the Stephanie McMahon situation, she was sent home and later received a fax telling her that she was not needed anymore.^[76] After her death, her sister said that in 2001 she was offered a new WWF contract with a minimum salary of $400,000 per year and the potential for substantially higher income via merchandising and pay-per-view appearances, but she refused to sign a contract for less than a base salary of $1 million per year.^[73] Ross later confirmed this account, characterizing the demand for $1 million per year as "outrageous" and unrealistic, leaving WWF officials reluctant to negotiate with her despite her fan popularity.^[73]

Japan (2002)

After the end of her WWF career in 2001, Chyna made her way to Japan in 2002 where she had a relatively brief but productive stint with New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). Her first appearance was at the New Japan Thirtieth Anniversary Show, refereeing a bout between the Steiner Brothers and Hiroshi Tanahashi and Kensuke Sasaki.^[72] On August 8, 2002, Chyna defeated woman boxer Chika Nakamura for Universal Fighting Arts Organization, beating Nakamura in the first round by TKO.^[77] In September and October 2002, she wrestled several matches for the promotion.^[72] After losing to Masahiro Chono on October 14, 2002, Laurer performed her final match on October 26, teaming with a fake Great Muta played by Troy Enders in a loss to Hiroshi Tanahashi and Kenzo Suzuki. Despite working with the biggest names like Masahiro Chono and Hiroshi Tanahashi, Chyna could not break out as a relevant player for NJPW.^[72]

Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2011)

During the May 3, 2011, tapings of the edition of May 12 of Impact!, Chyna made her Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) debut, introduced by the returning Spike TV network consultant Mick Foley. He introduced her as Kurt Angle's business associate (she had been previously referred to as his "Mistress") and tag team partner at Sacrifice, where they would face Jeff Jarrett and Karen Jarrett. During the taping she also took part in a battle royal, from which she eliminated Jeff.^[78][79][80] At Sacrifice on May 15, Chyna submitted Karen for the win in the mixed tag team match.^[81] She left TNA shortly after, making Sacrifice 2011 her final wrestling match.

Playboy

Laurer modeled nude for Playboy in the November 2000 issue.^[5] In 2002, following her departure from the WWF, she appeared in a second nude pictorial.^[82] She also filmed a Playboy adult documentary, Joanie Laurer Nude: Wrestling Superstar to Warrior Princess, which followed her on the set.^[83]

Literature

In 2001, Laurer released her autobiography, If They Only Knew. It spent time on The New York Times' bestseller list.^[84]

Television and film

Laurer appeared on The Howard Stern Show in 2000, where she claimed she "made [an ass] out of [her]self."^[85] She also appeared in 3rd Rock from the Sun as Janice, a police officer who briefly dated Harry Solomon, and in several Stacker 2 commercials. She was a presenter at the MTV Video Music Awards.^[86]

In 2001, she was a guest on a special celebrity edition of Fear Factor.^[82] She lost in the final round of the competition to Coolio.^[87] She provided her voice for stop-motion animation renditions of herself in Celebrity Deathmatch and Gary & Mike. The next year, she was reportedly up for a part in Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines, but lost the role to Kristanna Loken.^[88] She hosted Robot Wars: Grand Champions in 2002,^[74] and appeared on the celebrity game show Hollywood Squares in 2003.^[89]

Laurer appeared as Lulu in Sevendust's music video for the song "Enemy" in 2003.^[90]

In early 2005, she debuted on The Surreal Life with housemates Da Brat, Jane Wiedlin, Adrianne Curry, Christopher Knight, Marcus Schenkenberg and Verne Troyer.^[91] On the show, she drank heavily, appeared nude, and got into an argument with her ex, Sean Waltman.^[91] She remained friends with Adrianne Curry after the show and made a brief cameo on her reality show My Fair Brady.^[92] She also appeared on The Surreal Life: Fame Games, which began airing on VH1 in January 2007.^[93] Filming took place in April 2006 in Las Vegas.^[94] She was eliminated from the show in the seventh episode.^[95]

Also in 2006, Laurer appeared in Just Another Romantic Wrestling Comedy and Illegal Aliens, the latter of which was the last movie featuring Anna Nicole Smith.^[94] On Cristina's Court, a syndicated court-themed reality show, Laurer appeared in an episode originally airing July 14, 2007, in a civil dispute against a breeder of teacup chihuahuas. Judge Perez ruled in her favor and awarded her $4,000.^[96]

Adult films

Laurer made her adult film debut with the 2004 video 1 Night in China. Laurer and Sean Waltman approached Red Light District Video to distribute the homemade video, which was released in 2004. Laurer appeared in her second adult video, Another Night in China in 2009. In 2011, she starred in her first professional pornographic film for Vivid Video, Backdoor to Chyna.^[97] She also starred for Vivid as She-Hulk in their parody of The Avengers, released in May 2012.^[98] A spinoff feature centered on the She-Hulk character, She-Hulk XXX, was released to video in April 2013.^[99][100]

In one of her final YouTube videos before her death, she said that she'd had no ambitions to go into porn, but was "making lemonade out of lemons" after the video of her and X-Pac was released "without her permission".^[101]

Laurer's breast implants were custom-made for her after her first implants were ruptured during a wrestling match.^[102] She had also complained to her plastic surgeon that their largest implants did not suit her frame as she desired.^[102] The custom implants became the model for the Chyna 2000s, now marketed to large-framed women and female bodybuilders.^[87][102] Laurer said she paid $6,000 for them.^[18]

From 1996 until 2000, Laurer dated fellow wrestler Paul "Triple H" Levesque.^[103] They initially hid their relationship from their co-workers because she felt people might think she "[slept] her way to the top".^[104] They also lived together for some time.^[4] There is some debate as to whether Levesque started his relationship with Stephanie McMahon while still with Laurer. However, after Laurer's death, her sister Kathy Hamilton told Bleacher Report that while Levesque "was very good to Joanie", the couple disagreed about future family plans (Levesque wanted children and Laurer did not), and that Laurer's addictions and mental health problems also contributed to their breakup.^[73]

Beginning in 2003, Laurer had a tumultuous relationship with fellow wrestler Sean Waltman. They were engaged for a period in 2003,^[105] then broke up, then became engaged again, a pattern that continued for the next two years. In 2004, they released a sex tape which was filmed in 2003. Eager for a repeat success, the company that released Paris Hilton's celebrity sex tape obtained the footage, edited it, and released it under the name 1 Night in China.^[106] It sold over 100,000 copies, with Laurer and Waltman earning a share of the profits.^[106] Laurer, however, maintained that she did not earn any money from the release.^[94] In January 2005, she was arrested for domestic assault after allegedly beating Waltman in front of his children.^[105][107]

On February 8, 2007, a visibly upset Laurer appeared on Larry King Live to speak about her friend Anna Nicole Smith, who had died earlier that day. Laurer said that she "knew it was coming" because of how the media ridiculed Smith, and she drew parallels between the plight of Smith and herself. However, the wife of the CEO of Trim Spa, Monique Goen, stated that Smith did not consider Laurer a friend.^[108]

After leaving the WWF, Laurer was unable to use the name "Chyna" because of its trademark.^[87] She began using the name "Chyna Doll" for public appearances.^[107] In November 2007, she legally changed her name to Chyna.^[10]

She also had problems with substance abuse. She said that her "life was spinning out of control" around the time she made the sex tape.^[94] In January 2005, Waltman said that she was battling drug and alcohol addiction, as well as mental illness.^[107] Days after the domestic dispute between Waltman and Laurer, it was reported in the New York Post that she had removed her clothes and jumped into a fish tank in a New York nightclub.^[107] That month, she made another appearance on The Howard Stern Show, where she was described as "slurring her words, contradicting herself and launching into random tangents that were impossible to follow."^[107] On the program, she said she did not want to do drugs anymore, but said that if a line of cocaine was in front of her, she would do it.^[107] After her appearance, she entered a facility specializing in depression recovery, and decided to stop drinking.^[94] In early 2008, she appeared on the VH1 reality TV show Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew, but said on the show that she did not consider herself an addict.^[109] On December 27, 2008, she was rushed to the hospital after her birthday party, where she was found unconscious with cuts on her arms.^[110]

Laurer had a strained relationship with her family. She last saw her mother at the age of 16, and she said that her father was never able to get over her decision not to pursue a career in law enforcement with the Federal Bureau of Investigation.^[4] She also alleged that her father took out several student loans in her name without her knowledge, leaving her with $40,000 in debt.^[16] On an episode of Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew in 2008, Laurer said she had a bad relationship with all of her family members, including her siblings.^[111] In September 2010, Laurer was hospitalized after overdosing on sleeping medication.^[112] Laurer later re-established a good relationship with her mother; her father died on May 15, 2014.^[113]

From early 2012 until mid-2015, Laurer taught English in Japan.^[114] She converted to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints while there.^[115]

On April 20, 2016, Laurer was found dead at her home in Redondo Beach, California. She was 46. Her manager Anthony Anzaldo was concerned when she did not post updates or content to her usual social media outlets for several days, and subsequently found her body in her apartment.^[116] Initial police reports stated that she appeared to have died of either an accidental drug overdose or of natural causes. Anzaldo suggested that any overdose was accidental, saying that she was prescribed drugs, but tended to use them improperly.^[116]

Her brain was donated to science to study the effects of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).^[117] However, the brain had naturally decomposed to a point where it could not be definitively determined whether Laurer had CTE.^[118] A memorial service was held in Los Angeles on June 22, 2016. Among the attendees were wrestlers Melina Perez,^[119] Rob Van Dam, Sean Waltman and Johnny Mantell; actors C. Thomas Howell and Barry Williams; Dennis Hof, owner of the Bunny Ranch; and singers Coolio and Baby Bash, who also performed during the memorial.^[120][121] Chyna was cremated^[122] and her ashes were scattered into the Pacific Ocean.^[2][123]

A report of her autopsy was released in December 2016 which determined that she died on April 17 of an overdose of alcohol, combined with the anxiety drugs diazepam and nordazepam, painkillers oxycodone and oxymorphone, and sleeping aid temazepam.^{[116][124][125]}

Numerous commentators have credited Chyna as being influential to women's wrestling and one of the biggest stars of WWF's Attitude Era.^{[126][127][128][129]} Commentator and former WWE official Jim Ross called her, "the distinctive athlete [who] was to WWE what Ronda Rousey has been to UFC",^[75] while E! News said that she accomplished more in her near-decade career than any other woman.^[129] Others praised her as a feminist icon who defied gender norms;^[130][131] Dawn Heinecken, a professor of women's and gender studies at the University of Louisville, wrote in 2004 that "She was demonized as a feminist who challenged male dominance ... Her latest, and most popular incarnation was that of a sex symbol".^[127] She was the first woman to compete in the Royal Rumble match and is the only woman to have held the WWE Intercontinental Championship.^[126] Luke Winkie of Sports Illustrated listed her as the 79th greatest wrestler of all time,^[132] while WWE named her the fourth greatest "Female Superstar in Modern WWE History" in 2021.^[133] Beth Phoenix credits her with "breaking down doors" in the industry, and Kimber Lee credits Chyna as her motivation for entering wrestling.^[126][134] In 2017, WWE Hall of Famer Tammy Sytch said Chyna should be inducted into the Hall of Fame, stating: “I believe she really opened up the doors for women's wrestling; not for Divas, but for the women's wrestling industry. She was wrestling men and it was believable because she was such a big personality, such a huge human being, and she should be rewarded for what she did.“^[135]

The day following her death, a post on WWE.com expressed sadness about it^[137] and featured a video of her winning the Women's Championship.^[138] After years without acknowledging Laurer, WWE played a posthumous tribute video on the April 25 episode of Raw.^[139] A short memorial article was also published on Howard Stern's official website, lamenting her death and describing her as "fan favorite [with a] great sense of humor about herself."^[140]

Columnist Mike Mooneyham of The Post and Courier stated after Chyna's death that it was "an oft-asked question" as to when she would be inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame.^[128] Jim Ross said that Chyna had an "overwhelming desire" to be inducted during her lifetime.^[75] On February 9, 2015, during a WWE Network podcast with Stone Cold Steve Austin, Paul Levesque mentioned that Chyna deserved to be in the Hall of Fame but that her career in pornography prohibited it.^[127] In interviews shortly after her death, Levesque said that she "definitely warranted" a place in the Hall of Fame and Stephanie McMahon said she was sure Chyna would be inducted but did not know what year it would happen.^[141][142]

Chyna was announced as an inductee into the WWE Hall of Fame class of 2019 on February 18, 2019, as part of D-Generation X. Levesque spoke to ESPN of the "complexities" he mentioned on the 2015 Austin podcast, but after describing her in-ring accomplishments he said she "100 percent deserves" the honor. Although she was being inducted as part of a group, Levesque said that she deserved to be inducted a second time as well for her individual career.^[136] Shawn Michaels also endorsed the idea of her being inducted a second time, stating: "Of all the people in this group, and D-Generation X as a whole is deserving, but I don't think there's anybody that would argue that [Chyna] is not the most deserving of [an induction]."^[143]

Posthumous documentary

On April 20, 2017, a trailer was released for Wrestling with Chyna, a special documentary featuring Chyna's life from almost her very beginning, to after she left the wrestling business, to her last days of life.^[144] On June 16, 2021, Vice TV aired the documentary with exclusive interviews from friends and family members and her manager Anthony Anzaldo.

• AVN Awards
  • Best-Selling Title (2006) - 1 Night in China
  • Best Celebrity Sex Tape (2012) - Backdoor to Chyna
• International Wrestling Federation
  • IWF Women's Championship (1 time)
• Ladies International Wrestling Association
  • Rookie of the Year (1998)
• Professional Girl Wrestling Association
  • Rookie of the Year (1996)^[147]
• Pro Wrestling Illustrated
  • Ranked No. 106 of the top 500 wrestlers of the year 2000 in the PWI 500^[148]
• World Wrestling Federation / WWE
  • Houston Royal Rumble (1999)
  • WWF Intercontinental Championship (2 times)^[149]
  • WWF Women's Championship (1 time)^[150]
  • WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2019) – as a member of D-Generation X^[151]
  • Ranked No. 4 of the top 50 Greatest WWE Female Superstars of all time (2021)^[152]

• List of premature professional wrestling deaths

• Laurer, Joanie (2001). If They Only Knew. ReaganBooks. ISBN 0-06-109895-7.

• Media related to Joan Marie Laurer at Wikimedia Commons
• Chyna on WWE.com
• Chyna's profile at Cagematch.net , Wrestlingdata.com , Internet Wrestling Database
• Chyna at the Adult Film Database
• Chyna at the Internet Adult Film Database
• Chyna at IMDb 
• Chyna on Twitter