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List of Irgun attacks

(Redirected from List of Irgun attacks during the 1930s)

During the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine against the Mandatory Palestine, the militant Zionist group Irgun carried out 60 attacks against Palestinian people and the British Army.[1] Irgun was described as a terrorist organization by The New York Times,[2][3] the Anglo-American Committee of Enquiry,[4] prominent world figures such as Winston Churchill[5] and Jewish figures such as Hannah Arendt, Albert Einstein, and many others.[6] The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs describes it as "an underground organization."[7] The New York Times at the time cited sources in an investigative piece which linked the Haganah paramilitary group to Irgun attacks such as the King David Hotel bombing.[8]

Irgun launched a series of attacks which lasted until the founding of Israel. All told, Irgun attacks against Arab targets resulted in at least 250 Arab deaths during this period. The following is a list of attacks resulting in death attributed to Irgun that took place during the 1930s and 1940s. Irgun conducted at least 60 operations altogether during this period.[9][10][11]

During British Mandated Palestine (1937–1939)

DateCasualtiesReferences
1937, March2 Arabs killed on Bat Yam beach.[12]
1937, November 1410 Arabs killed by Irgun units launching attacks around Jerusalem, ("Black Sunday")[13][14]
1938, April 122 Arabs and 2 British policemen were killed by a bomb in a train in Haifa.[14]
1938, April 171 Arab was killed by a bomb detonated in a cafe in Haifa[14]
1938, May 171 Arab policeman was killed in an attack on a bus in the Jerusalem-Hebron road.[14]
1938, May 243 Arabs were shot and killed in Haifa.[14]
1938, June 1918 Arabs killed (9 men, 6 women and 3 children), 24 injured by a bomb that was thrown into a crowded Arab market place in Haifa.[15][16][17][18]
1938, June 232 Arabs were killed near Tel Aviv.[14]
1938, June 267 Arabs were killed by a bomb in Jaffa.[14]
1938, June 271 Arab was killed in the yard of a hospital in Haifa.[14]
1938, July 57 Arabs were killed in several shooting attacks in Tel Aviv.[14]
1938, July 53 Arabs were killed by a bomb detonated in a bus in Jerusalem.[14]
1938, July 51 Arab was killed in another attack in Jerusalem.[14]
1938, July 618 Arabs and 5 Jews were killed by two simultaneous bombs in the Arab melon market in Haifa. More than 60 people were wounded. The toll over two days of riots and reprisals was 33 dead, 111 wounded.[14][19][20][21]
1938, July 84 Arabs were killed by a bomb in Jerusalem.[14]
1938, July 1610 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Jerusalem.[14]
1938, July 2543 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Haifa.[14][22]
1938, August 2624 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Jaffa.[14]
1939, February 2733 Arabs were killed in multiple attacks, incl. 24 by bomb in Arab market in Suk Quarter of Haifa and 4 by bomb in Arab vegetable market in Jerusalem.[23]
1939, May 2918 people were injured, including 13 Arabs and three British police, by mines detonated at the Rex cinema in Jerusalem.[24]
1939, May 295 Arabs were shot and killed during a raid on the village of Biyar 'Adas.[14]
1939, June 25 Arabs were killed by a bomb at the Jaffa Gate in Jerusalem.[14][25]
1939, June 121 British bomb expert was killed while trying to defuse a bomb in a post office in Jerusalem[14]
1939, June 166 Arabs were killed in several attacks in Jerusalem.[14]
1939, June 1920 Arabs were killed by explosives mounted on a donkey at a marketplace in Haifa.[14][26]
1939, June 2913 Arabs were killed in several shooting attacks around Jaffa during a one-hour period.[14][27]
1939, June 301 Arab was killed at a marketplace in Jerusalem.[14]
1939, June 302 Arabs were shot and killed in Lifta.[14]
1939, July 31 Arab was killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Haifa.[14][28]
1939, July 42 Arabs were killed in two attacks in Jerusalem.[14]
1939, July 201 Arab was killed at a train station in Jaffa.[14]
1939, July 206 Arabs were killed in several attacks in Tel Aviv.[14]
1939, July 203 Arabs were killed in Rehovot.[14]
1939, August 262 British police officers including Ralph Cairns were killed by a roadside bomb in Jerusalem.[14]

During the Jewish insurgency (1944–1947)

DateCasualtiesReferences
1944, September 27Unknown number of casualties, around 150 Irgun members attacked four British police stations[29]
1944, September 291 Senior British police officer of the Criminal Intelligence Department assassinated in Jerusalem.[29]
1945, November 15 locomotives destroyed in Lydda station. Two staff, one soldier and one policeman were killed. One of the bombers, Yehiel Dresner, was later executed for other crimes.[30]
1945, December 273 British policemen and 4 Sotho soldiers killed during the bombing of British CID headquarters in Jerusalem; 1 British soldier killed during attack of British army camp in north Tel Aviv[31][32]
1946, February 22Destroyed 14 aeroplanes at 5 RAF stations.[33]
1946, July 2291 people were killed at the bombing of the King David Hotel (which was the British headquarters), mostly civilians, staff of the hotel or Secretariat,
41 Arabs, 15-28 British citizens, 17 Palestinian Jews, 2 Armenians, 1 Russian, 1 Greek and 1 Egyptian.		[34][35][36]
1946, October 302 British guards killed during Gunfire and explosion at Jerusalem Railway Station.[37]
1946, October 31Bombing of the British Embassy in Rome. Nearly half the building was destroyed and 3 people were injured.[38]
1946, November 136 Palestine police (2 British, 4 Arabs) killed in bombing of railway line.[39]
1947, March 117 British officers killed, during bombing of the Goldschmidt Officer's Club.[40]
1947, March 121 British soldier killed during the attack on Schneller Camp.[40]
1947, June 18One Haganah member killed by a booby trap while sealing a tunnel dug by Irgun to blow up the British Headquarter in Citrus House, Tel Aviv.[41][42]
1947, July 194 locations within Haifa are attacked, killing a British constable and injuring 12.[43]
1947, July 292 kidnapped British sergeants hanged.[44]
1947, August 4Two Suitcase time-bombs explode in the basement of the Hotel Sacher, Vienna (British Army Headquarters)[45][46]
1947, August 53 British policemen killed in bombing of British Labour Department office in Jerusalem[47]
1947, August 9Jewish train engineer killed in Cairo-Haifa train bombing[48]
1947, August 121 British soldier injured in bombing of London-Villach military train outside Tauern tunnel near Mallintz, Austria. A second bomb failed to explode, the two were intended to derail the train over a steep cliff. No injuries from a second explosion outside British camp commandant's office in Velden.[45][49][50]
1947, September 264 British policemen killed in Irgun bank robbery.[51]
1947, September 2910 killed (4 British policemen, 4 Arab policemen and an Arab couple) and 53 injured in Haifa police headquarters bombing by Irgun. One ton of explosives in a barrel was used for the bombing and Irgun said it was done on the first day of Sukkot to avoid Jewish casualties.[51][52][53]

During the Civil War (1947–48)

DateCasualtiesReferences
1947, December 1113 killed in attack on Tireh, near Haifa[54]
1947, December 1220 killed, 5 wounded by barrel bomb at Damascus Gate.[55]
1947, December 136 killed, 25 wounded by bombs outside Alhambra Cinema.[56]
1947, December 135 killed, 47 wounded by two bombs at Damascus Gate.[56][57]
1947, December 137 Arabs killed (including two women and two children, 3 and 4 years old) and 7 others seriously wounded (two women and girl of 4 among them) in attack on Yehudiya. 24 Irgun men attacked the village, approaching from Petah Tikva shooting guns, dynamiting houses and throwing grenades. An armored British police car was also fired on.[56][57][58]
1947, December 16(ca)10 killed by bomb at Noga Cinema in Jaffa.[59]
1947, December 29Two British constables and 11 Arabs were killed and 32 Arabs wounded when Irgun members threw a bomb from a taxi at Jerusalem's Damascus Gate.[51][60][61]
1947, December 306 Arabs killed and, 42 injured by grenades at Haifa refinery, precipitating the Haifa Oil Refinery massacre, which led to the Balad al-Shaykh massacre.[62]
1948, January 12 Arabs killed and 9 injured by shooting attack on cafe in Jaffa.[63]
1948, January 514 Arabs killed and 19 injured by truck bomb outside the 3-storey 'Serrani', Jaffa's built Ottoman Town Hall[64]
1948, January 720 Arabs killed by bomb at Jaffa Gate.[65][66]
1948, February 107 Arabs killed near Ras el Ain after selling cows in Tel Aviv[67]
1948, February 1812 Arabs killed and 43 wounded at a marketplace in Ramla[68]
1948, March 120 Britons killed and 30 wounded in the Bevingrad Officers Club bombing[69]
1948, April 9-April 11107-120 Arabs killed and massacred (the estimate generally accepted by scholars, instead the first announced number of 254) during and after the battle at the village of Deir Yassin near Jerusalem, by 132 Irgun and 60 Lehi fighters.[70][71][72][73][74]
1948, April 67 British soldiers, including Commanding Officer, killed during an arms raid on Pardes Hanna Army camp.[75]
1948, April 25–30Operation Hametz; Irgun captured several Arab towns around Jaffa, and later repulsed a British attempt to dislodge them from the town of Menashiya.[76]

See also

References

External links

  • Palestine Post Archive
  • Arie Perliger and Leonard Weinberg, Jewish Self Defense and Terrorist Groups Prior to the Establishment of the State of Israel: Roots and Traditions. Totalitarian Movements & Political Religions, Vol. 4, No. 3 (2003) 91-118. Online version
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