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Foreign relations of Peru

(Redirected from Peru–Suriname relations)

The foreign relations of Peru are managed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. is an important first-tier state in South America,[1] Peru has been a member of the United Nations since 1945,[2] and Peruvian Javier Pérez de Cuéllar served as UN Secretary General from 1981 to 1991. Former President Alberto Fujimori's tainted re-election to a third term in June 2000 strained Peru's relations with the United States and with many Latin American and European countries, mainly small countries like Yemen but relations improved with the installation of an interim government in November 2000 and the inauguration of Alejandro Toledo in July 2001.

Peru is planning full integration into the Andean Free Trade Area. In addition, Peru is a standing member of APEC and the World Trade Organization, and is an active participant in negotiations toward a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA).

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Peru maintains diplomatic relations with:

#CountryDate
1  Colombia6 July 1822[3]
2  Chile8 October 1822[4]
3  Mexico23 January 1823[5]
4  United Kingdom10 October 1823[6]
5  Bolivia24 June 1826[7]
6  Brazil3 February 1827[8]
7  United States21 May 1827[9]
8  Ecuador26 September 1831[10]
9  Venezuela23 December 1833[11]
10  Denmark18 May 1848[12]
11  Belgium16 May 1850[13]
12  Costa Rica28 April 1851[14]
13  Uruguay21 April 1852[15]
14  Portugal26 March 1853[16]
15  Guatemala20 April 1857[17]
16  El Salvador10 July 1857[18]
17  Nicaragua5 October 1857[19]
18  Paraguay5 February 1858[20]
19  France9 March 1861[21]
20  Italy25 February 1864[22]
21  Japan21 August 1873[23]
22  Dominican Republic6 April 1874[24]
—  Holy See10 October 1877[25]
23  Spain15 November 1879[26]
24   Switzerland1884[27]
25  Argentina20 December 1885[28]
26  Cuba11 January 1905[29]
27  Panama2 March 1908[30]
28  Netherlands13 May 1921[31]
29  Czech Republic11 July 1922[32]
30  Norway3 August 1923[33]
31  Poland6 September 1923[34]
32  Sweden11 February 1938[35]
33  Romania10 October 1939[36]
34  Haiti13 December 1939[37]
35  Canada30 January 1944[38]
36  Austria2 November 1949[39]
37  Lebanon1949[40]
38  Germany28 June 1951[41]
39  Turkey1952[42]
—  Sovereign Military Order of Malta15 April 1953[43]
40  Honduras21 December 1957[44]
41  Israel1 January 1958[45]
42  Luxembourg16 June 1962[46]
43  Australia1 March 1963[47]
44  India25 March 1963[48]
45  Finland29 March 1963[49]
46  South Korea1 April 1963[50]
47  Egypt7 October 1963[51]
48  Morocco18 June 1964[52]
49  Ivory Coast18 August 1964[53]
50  Thailand10 November 1965[54]
51  NigerNovember 1965[55]
52  Greece3 December 1965[56]
53  Burkina FasoMarch 1966[57]
54  Cyprus12 September 1966[58]
55  Tunisia30 May 1967[59]
56  Ethiopia10 September 1967[60]
57  Iceland14 November 1967[61]
58  Trinidad and Tobago5 February 1968[62]
59  Barbados29 February 1968[63]
60  Russia1 February 1969[64]
61  Hungary16 April 1969[65]
62  Bulgaria18 April 1969[66]
63  Serbia12 December 1969[67]
64  Jamaica29 April 1970[68]
65  Zambia5 October 1970[69]
66  Nigeria5 July 1971[70]
67  Guyana17 July 1971[71]
68  China2 November 1971[72]
69  Albania6 December 1971[73]
70  Algeria10 March 1972[74]
71  New Zealand4 July 1972[75]
72  Iran20 November 1973[76]
73  Libya28 April 1974[77]
74  Pakistan1 September 1974[78]
75  Philippines30 November 1974[79]
76  Guinea8 January 1975[80]
77  Sri Lanka17 March 1975[81]
78  Republic of the Congo12 July 1975[82]
79  Tanzania12 July 1975[82]
80  Democratic Republic of the Congo3 August 1975[83]
81  Indonesia12 August 1975[84]
82  Syria16 August 1975[85]
83  Kuwait1 December 1975[86]
84  Iraq1975[87]
85    Nepal28 January 1976[88]
86  Kenya25 February 1976[89]
87  Cambodia31 May 1976[90]
88  Malta27 April 1977[91]
89  Suriname22 June 1978[92]
90  Singapore27 October 1980[93]
91  Equatorial Guinea28 April 1981[94]
92  BangladeshFebruary 1983[95]
93  Grenada16 March 1983[96][97]
94  Papua New Guinea14 September 1983[98]
95  Kiribati29 October 1983[99]
96  Fiji1983[100]
97  Tonga20 January 1984[101]
98  Samoa23 January 1984[102]
99  Nauru1984[103]
100  Antigua and Barbuda24 June 1985[104]
101  Angola6 September 1985[105]
102  Jordan21 October 1985[106]
103  Saint Lucia1985[107]
104  Mozambique25 February 1986[108]
105  Dominica18 March 1986[109]
106  Saudi Arabia19 March 1986[110]
107  Malaysia24 April 1986[111]
108  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines5 May 1986[108]
109  Oman14 May 1986[108]
110  Vanuatu30 May 1986[108]
111  United Arab Emirates17 June 1986[112]
112  Guinea-Bissau29 September 1986[113]
—  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (suspended)5 May 1987[114]
113  Ghana23 June 1987[108]
114  Cape Verde1 November 1988[115]
115  North Korea15 December 1988[116]
116  Maldives6 February 1989[108]
117  Myanmar17 April 1989[108]
118  Laos27 April 1989[108]
119  São Tomé and Príncipe4 May 1989[108]
120  Sierra Leone15 May 1989[108]
121  Eswatini8 June 1989[108]
122  Lesotho21 July 1989[108]
123  Qatar7 November 1989[117]
124  Brunei1 June 1990[118]
125  Mauritania19 June 1990[108]
126  Namibia11 July 1990[108]
127  Marshall Islands14 November 1991[119]
128  Belize27 November 1991[108]
129  Seychelles15 January 1992[108]
130  Federated States of Micronesia7 May 1992[108]
131  Ukraine7 May 1992[108]
132  Armenia9 September 1992[120]
133  Slovenia9 September 1992[121]
134  Slovakia1 January 1993[122]
135  Croatia12 January 1993[123]
136  South Africa28 July 1993[124]
137  Vietnam14 November 1994[108]
138  Estonia27 July 1995[125]
139  Moldova11 August 1995[126]
140  Azerbaijan25 June 1996[108]
141  Liechtenstein5 July 1996[127]
142  Latvia23 July 1996[108]
143  Kazakhstan6 February 1997[128]
144  Belarus19 February 1997[129]
145  Turkmenistan7 May 1997[130]
146  Mongolia30 May 1997[108]
147  Andorra3 June 1997[108]
148  Lithuania9 June 1997[108]
149  Bosnia and Herzegovina23 January 1998[131]
150  Mali16 July 1998[132]
151  Ireland27 June 1999[133]
152  Kyrgyzstan2 July 1999[108]
153  Uzbekistan22 December 1999[108]
154  Tajikistan21 January 2000[108]
155  East Timor30 September 2002[134]
156  Zimbabwe12 December 2004[135]
157  North Macedonia29 June 2005[108]
158  San Marino29 September 2005[136]
159  Montenegro12 September 2006[137]
160  Bahrain22 September 2009[108]
161  Georgia14 January 2010[108]
162  Monaco13 October 2010[138]
—  State of Palestine12 November 2010[139]
163  Solomon Islands14 March 2012[108]
164  Tuvalu29 March 2012[108]
165  Afghanistan27 September 2012[140]
166  Sudan22 July 2013[141]
—  Cook IslandsSeptember 2017[142]
167  Benin22 November 2017[143]
168  Rwanda7 December 2017[144]
169  Togo18 December 2017[145]
170  Djibouti28 February 2018[146]
171  Palau14 February 2019[147]
—  Niue13 July 2020[148]
172  Uganda4 June 2021[108]
173  Saint Kitts and Nevis24 April 2023[149]
174  Gabon3 August 2023[150]
175  BahamasUnknown
176  CameroonUnknown
177  SenegalUnknown

Bilateral relations

Africa

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Algeria10 March 1972

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 March 1972[151]

 Angola6 September 1985
  • Angola and Peru established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1985[153]
  • Angola is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[152]
 Burkina FasoMarch 1966
Congo-Brazzaville12 July 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 July 1975[82]
  • The Republic of the Congo is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[152]
 Egypt7 October 1963Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 October 1963.[154]
 Ghana23 June 1987

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 June 1987[155]

 Kenya25 February 1976

Peru formerly had an embassy from 1987 to 1990. The embassy in Nairobi was re-opened in 2023.[156]

  • Kenya is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.
  • Peru has an embassy in Nairobi.
 Libya28 April 1974Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 April 1974.[157]
 Morocco18 June 1964Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 June 1964[158]
 Namibia11 July 1990

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 July 1990[159]

  • Peru established relations with SWAPO, preceding Namibian independence.[160]
  • Namibia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[152]
 Nigeria5 July 1971Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 July 1971[161]
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic5 May 1987, broken 9 September 1996
8 September 2021, broken 18 August 2022
15 September 2022, broken 8 September 2023[162]
  • The SADR has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru established formal relations with the SADR on 5 May 1987,[163] under Alan García, but recognition existed since 16 August 1984. Said relations expired on 9 September 1996, with Peru taking a neutral part in the Western Sahara conflict.[164][165][166]
  • On September 8, 2021, Peru and the SADR re-established their bilateral relations,[167] but the former again severed them on August 16, 2022,[168] renovating them one month later.[169]
 South Africa28 July 1993Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 July 1993[170]
  • Peru has an embassy in Pretoria. A Consulate was also maintained in Cape Town which closed in 1985.[171]
  • South Africa is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago.[152]
 SudanOctober 7, 1988
 Tanzania12 August 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 August 1975[82]
 TunisiaSeptember 1966
  • Peru is accredited to Tunisia from its embassy in Algiers.
  • Tunisia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.[152]
 Zambia5 October 1970Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1970[172]
  • Peru is accredited to Zambia from its embassy in Pretoria. It previously maintained an embassy in Lusaka until 1990.[173]
  • Zambia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasilia.[152]
 ZimbabweMarch 1986
  • Peru is accredited to Zimbabwe from its embassy in Pretoria. It previously maintained an embassy in Harare until 1990.[173]
  • Zimbabwe is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasilia.[152]

Americas

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Argentina10 July 1822
 Bolivia24 June 1826Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 June 1826[176]
 Brazil3 February 1827Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 February 1827.[177]
 Canada30 January 1944Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 January 1944[178]
 Chile8 October 1822Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 October 1822[182]

In November 1999, Peru and Chile signed three agreements which put to rest the remaining obstacles holding up implementation of the 1929 Treaty of Lima, which officially ended the 1879 War of the Pacific. In December 1999, President Alberto Fujimori made the first visit ever to Chile by a Peruvian head of state.

Relations between the two nations have since mostly recovered. In 2005, the Peruvian Congress unilaterally approved a law which increased the stated sea limit with Chile. This law superseded the Peruvian supreme decree 781 for same purpose from 1947, which had autolimited its maritime border to geographical parallels only. Peru's position was that the border has never been fully demarcated, but Chile disagreed reminding on treaties in 1952 and 1954 between the countries, which supposedly defined seaborder. The border problem has still not been solved. However, Chile's Michelle Bachelet and Peru's Alan García have established a positive diplomatic relationship, and it is very unlikely any hostilities will break out because of the dispute.

Nevertheless, in early April 2007, Peruvian nationalistic sectors, mainly represented by left wing ex-presidential candidate Ollanta Humala decided to congregate at 'hito uno' right at the border with Chile, in a symbolic attempt to claim sovereignty over a maritime area known in Peru as Mar de Grau (Grau's Sea) just west of the Chilean city of Arica. Peruvian police stopped a group of nearly 2,000 people just 10 km from the border, preventing them from reaching their intended destination. Despite these incidents, the presidents of both Chile and Peru have confirmed their intentions to improve the relationships between the two countries, mainly fueled by the huge amount of commercial exchange between both countries' private sectors.

 Colombia6 July 1822Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 July 1822.[183]
 Costa Rica28 April 1851

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 April 1851[184]

 Cuba11 January 1905Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 January 1905.[185]
  • Peru had relations with Cuba prior to 1972, but broke them off in the 1960s.
  • Cuba has an embassy in Lima.[152]
  • Peru has an embassy in Havana.
 Dominican Republic6 April 1874Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 April 1874[186]
 Ecuador26 September 1831Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 1831[187]
  • In October 1998, Peru and Ecuador signed a peace accord which definitively resolved border differences which had, over the years, resulted in armed conflict. Peru and Ecuador are now jointly coordinating an internationally sponsored border integration project. The United States Government, as one of four guarantor states, was actively involved in facilitating the 1998 peace accord between Peru and Ecuador and remains committed to its implementation. The United States has pledged $40 million to the Peru-Ecuador border integration project and another $4 million to support Peruvian and Ecuadorian demining efforts along their common border.
  • In November 2009, Peru made an agreement with Ecuador in which Peru would export between 40 and 50 megawatts of electricity until April 2010 in order to help Ecuador with its energy crisis.[188] Rafael Correa, Ecuador's president, expressed his gratitude to Peru for its generous aid during Ecuador's energy crisis.[189]
  • Ecuador has an embassy in Lima.[152]
  • Peru has an embassy in Quito and a consulate in Guayaquil.
 El Salvador10 July 1857Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 July 1857[190]
 Guatemala20 April 1857

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 April 1857[191]

 Guyana17 July 1971
 Haiti1929
 Honduras5 August 1856
 Jamaica29 April 1970Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 April 1970[196]
  • Jamaica has a consulate in Lima
  • Jamaica is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Caracas.[152]
 Mexico23 January 1823Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 January 1823[197]

Peru and Mexico have historically had a unique relationship solidly based on that they share two of the most significant ancient cultures in the Americas. Both countries have expressed solidarity over the need to defend the recovery of cultural and archaeological heritage in the form of artifacts that have been illegally stolen from Peru and Mexico and which are to this date, illegally or legitimately kept in foreign locations.Peru's President Alan García and Mexico's Felipe Calderón signed a joint declaration in April 2011 aimed at deepening the two countries' friendship, cooperation, integration, trade, investments and the permanent fight against poverty and organized crime. The two countries aim to achieve a new model of integration within Latin America, and to represent a positive, realistic, and active example of integration amongst two "brotherly" nations.

 Nicaragua28 June 1850
 Panama2 March 1908Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 March 1908[200]
 Paraguay5 February 1858Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 February 1858[201]
 Suriname23 June 1978Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 June 1978[204]
 Trinidad and Tobago5 February 1968Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 February 1968[206]
  • Peru has an embassy in Port of Spain.
  • Trinidad and Tobago is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Caracas, Venezuela.[152]
 United States2 May 1826
  • The U.S. maintains an embassy in Lima, Peru.[152] There is a U.S. Consular Agency in Cuzco, and the USAID building is located in Lima.
 Uruguay13 November 1858
 Venezuela17 February 1853

In October 2021, the leftist government of Peru re-established diplomatic relations with the leftist Venezuelan government of President Nicolas Maduro after four years.[208]

Asia

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
Afghanistan27 September 2012
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 2012.[209]
  • Afghanistan is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Washington, D.C.
  • Peru is accredited to Afghanistan from its non-resident embassy in New Delhi.
  • Peru has not recognized nor established relations with the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.
 Armenia9 September 1992Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 September 1992.[210]
 Azerbaijan25 June 1996Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1996[211]
  • Azerbaijan has an embassy in Lima.[152]
  • Peru has an embassy in Baku.
 Bahrain22 September 2009Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 September 2009[212]
  • Bahrain is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.
 Bangladesh28 February 1983
  • Bangladesh is accredited to Peru from its embassy in New York City.[152]
  • Peru is accredited to Bangladesh from its embassy in Bangkok.
China2 November 1971Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 November 1971[213]
Countries which signed cooperation documents related to the Belt and Road Initiative
 China (ROC)26 June 1874, broken 2 November 1971
 Georgia14 January 2010

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 January 2010[214]

  • Georgia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[152]
  • Peru has an honorary consulate in Tbilisi.
 India25 March 1963Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 March 1963[215]
 Indonesia12 August 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 August 1975[216]
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Lima.[152]
  • Peru has an embassy in Jakarta.
 Iran20 November 1973Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 November 1973[217]
 Iraq11 October 1975 and 11 July 2012 renew diplomatic relations
  • Peru and Iraq agreed to renew their bilateral ties in 2012.
  • Iraq is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Caracas.[152]
 Israel20 August 1957
 Japan21 August 1873Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 August 1873.[222]
 Kazakhstan6 February 1997
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 February 1997[225]
 Kuwait1 December 1975

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 1975[226]

 Malaysia24 April 1986Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 April 1986[227]
 Mongolia30 May 1997Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1997[228]
  • Mongolia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Havana.[152]
  • Peru is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing.
   Nepal28 January 1976Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 January 1976[229]
  • Nepal is accredited to Peru from its embassy in New York City.[152]
  • Peru is accredited to Nepal from its embassy in India.
 North Korea15 December 1988Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1988[230]
  • North Korea has an embassy in Lima.
  • Diplomatic relationships between both countries are suspended since 2017.
 Palestine30 April 2011
  • Peru recognized Palestine on 24 January 2011.[231]
  • Palestine has an embassy in Lima.[152]
 Philippines30 November 1974Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 November 1974[232]
 Qatar7 November 1989

At an official level, both countries began diplomatic relations in 1989.[233]

  • Peru has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Lima.[152]
 Saudi Arabia19 March 1986[160]
 Singapore27 October 1980Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 October 1980[234]
  • Singapore is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Singapore.[152]
  • Peru has an embassy in Singapore.
 South Korea1 April 1963Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 April 1963[235]
 Thailand10 November 1965Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 November 1965.[236]
  • Peru has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Lima.
 Turkey1952[237]
  • Peru has an embassy in Ankara and a Consulate General in Istanbul.[237]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Lima.[152][237]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$250 million in 2019 (Peruvian exports/imports: 72.6/177.4 million USD).[237]
 United Arab Emirates17 June 1986
 Uzbekistan22 December 1999
  • Peru and Uzbekistan established bilateral relations on 22 December 1999[238]
 Vietnam14 November 1994Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 November 1994[239]

Europe

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Albania6 December 1971Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1971[240]
  • Peru and Albania established formal relations in 1971.
  • Albania is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Brasília.[152]
  • Peru is accredited to Albania from its embassy in Athens. Until its dissolution, Peru was accredited from its embassy in Yugoslavia.
 Andorra3 June 1997Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 June 1997[241]
  • Andorra does not hold an embassy in Peru.
  • Peru is accredited to Andorra from its embassy in Madrid, Spain.
 Austria2 November 1949[242]
  • Austria has an embassy in Lima, and honorary consulates in Cuzco, Trujillo, Iquitos, and Arequipa.[152]
  • Peru has an embassy in Vienna, and consulates in Innsbruck and Salzburg.[243]
 Belarus19 February 1997Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 February 1997[244] In 1999, Foreign Minister Sergei Martynov visited Peru.[245]
  • Belarus is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.[152]
  • Peru is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in Moscow.
 Belgium1 April 1852
  • Belgium has an embassy in Lima.[152]
  • Peru has an embassy in Brussels.
 Bosnia and Herzegovina23 January 1998Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 January 1998[246]
  • Peru is accredited to Bosnia and Herzegovina from its embassy in Budapest.
 Bulgaria18 April 1969Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 April 1969[247]
 Croatia12 January 1993Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 January 1993[249]
 Cyprus19 September 1966
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 September 1966.[250][251] On October of the same year, relations were elevated to embassy level.[252]
  • Cyprus is represented in Peru through its embassy in Brasilia, Brazil.[152][253]
  • Peru is accredited to Cyprus from it missions in Italy.
 Czech Republic11 July 1922, broken 4 October 1957, restored 27 December 1968 ( with Czech Republic from 2 January 1993)

Both countries re-established diplomatic relations on 27 December 1968[254]

Denmark
 Estonia27 July 1995Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 July 1995[257]
 Finland29 March 1963Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 March 1963[259]
 European Union2000[260]
  • The European Union has a consulate in Lima.[152]
  • Peru has a section of its Ministry of Foreign Affairs dedicated to the European Union, as well as diplomatic relationships with its members.
 France1826
 Germany28 June 1951
(Federal Republic)
28 December 1972 – 1990
(Democratic Republic)		Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 June 1871.[261]
 Greece3 December 1965
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 December 1965[262]
  • Greece has an embassy in Lima.[152]
  • Peru has an embassy in Athens.
 Hungary16 April 1969

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 April 1969[263]

  • Peru has an embassy in Budapest.
  • Hungary has an embassy in Lima.[152]
 Iceland14 November 1967Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 November 1967[264]
  • Iceland is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Oslo.[152]
  • Peru is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Oslo.
 Ireland27 June 1999

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 June 1999[265]

  • Ireland is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Mexico City and maintains an honorary consulate in Lima.[152]
  • Peru has an embassy in Dublin. Until 2017, the ambassador resided in London.
 Italy23 December 1874Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 December 1874[266]
 Latvia23 July 1996Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 1996[269]
  • Latvia is accredited to Peru through its embassy in Berlin.
  • Peru is accredited to Latvia through its embassy in Helsinki.
 Liechtenstein5 July 1996Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 July 1996[270]
  • Liechtenstein does not have an embassy accredited to Peru.
  • Peru is accredited to Liechtenstein from its embassy in Bern.
 Lithuania9 June 1997Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 June 1997[271]
  • Peru is accredited to Lithuania from its embassy in Helsinki.
 Luxembourg14 June 1962Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 June 1962[272][273]
  • Luxembourg is accredited to Peru through its embassy in Berlin.
  • Peru is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels.
 Malta27 April 1977Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1977[274]
 Netherlands1 February 1826
 Norway3 August 1923

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 August 1923[275]

  • Peru has an embassy in Oslo.
  • Norway has a consulate-general in Lima and is accredited from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.[152]
 Poland6 September 1923Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 September 1923.[276] Peru refused to recognize the Polish government in London on December 29, 1945. Peru and Poland re-established diplomatic relations on 14 April 1969.[277]
 Portugal26 March 1853

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 March 1853[280]

  • Peru has an embassy in Lisbon.
  • Portugal has an embassy in Lima.[152]
 Romania10 October 1939, broken 5 March 1942, Re-established diplomatic relations 9 November 1968
  • Romania has an embassy in Lima and an honorary consulate in Arequipa.[152]
  • The Republic of Peru has an embassy and an honorary consulate, both in Bucharest.

Diplomatic relations' level:

  • Legation: October 10, 1939 – March 5, 1942
  • Embassy: since November 9, 1968

Diplomatic relations' timeline:

  • October 10, 1939 – March 5, 1942
  • since November 9, 1968[281]
 Russia16 May 1874 to 1918
1 February 1969
 San Marino24 February 2005Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 February 2005[284]
  • San Marino is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Rome.[152]
  • Peru is accredited to San Marino from its missions in Italy.
 Serbia10 December 1968
  • Diplomatic relations between then Yugoslavia and Peru existed before the Second World War. They were renewed on 10 December 1968.
  • Serbia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.[152][285]
  • Peru is accredited to Serbia from its embassy in Budapest.[286]
 Slovakia1 January 1993
  • Slovakia is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Buenos Aires.[152]
  • Peru is accredited to Slovakia from its embassy in Vienna.
 Sovereign Military Order of Malta15 April 1953
  • The Sovereign Military Order of Malta has an embassy in Lima.[152]
  • Peru is accredited to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta from its embassy in the Holy See.
 Spain15 November 1879Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 November 1879[287]
 Sweden11 February 1938Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 February 1938.[290]
  • Peru has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden is accredited to Peru from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.[291]
  Switzerland16 September 1884
  • Peru has an embassy in Bern.
  • Switzerland has an embassy in Lima.[152]
 Ukraine7 May 1992Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 May 1992[292]
  • Peru was accredited to Ukraine from its embassy in Warsaw, Poland. It was formerly accredited from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Lima.[152]
 United Kingdom10 October 1823Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 October 1823.[293]
 Vatican City1 November 1852

Oceania

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Australia1 March 1963Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1963[294]

Both countries have an expanding relationship in all areas. In February 2018 trade ministers from both Peru and Australia signed a free trade agreement.[295] Until 2019, the Peruvian ambassador was also accredited to New Zealand.[296]

 Fiji1983[100]
 New Zealand4 July 1972Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 July 1972[297]
 Papua New Guinea14 September 1983Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 September 1983[298]
  • Peru is accredited to Papua New Guinea from its consulate-general in Sydney.

Transnational issues

Illicit drugs

Until recently the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru has reduced the area of coca under cultivation by 24% to 387 km2 at the end of 1999; most of cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia, Bolivia, and Brazil for processing into cocaine for the international drug market, but exports of finished cocaine are increasing by maritime conveyance to Mexico, US, and Europe.

See also

References

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