Russia men's national ice hockey team

The Russian men's national ice hockey team (Russian: Сборная России по хоккею с шайбой) is the national men's ice hockey team of Russia, overseen by the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia. As of 2021, they were rated third in the IIHF World Ranking.[3] The team has competed internationally from 1992 until a 2022 ban, and is recognized by the IIHF as the successor to the Soviet Union team and CIS team. Russia has been one of the most successful national ice hockey teams in the world and a member of the so-called "Big Six," the unofficial group of the six strongest men's ice hockey nations, along with Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Sweden, and the United States.[4] The European nations of the Big Six participate in the Euro Hockey Tour, which Russia won nine times since 2005.[5] Since September 2021, the head coach is Alexei Zhamnov, who took over from Valeri Bragin.[6]

Russia
Shirt badge/Association crest
The coat of arms of Russia is the badge used on the players jerseys.
Nickname(s)Красная Машина
(The Red Machine)
AssociationRussian Hockey Federation
General managerRoman Rotenberg
Head coachAlexei Zhamnov
AssistantsSergei Fedorov
Alexei Kudashov
Sergei Gonchar
CaptainAnton Slepyshev
Most gamesIlya Kovalchuk (271)
Top scorerIlya Kovalchuk (107)
Most pointsIlya Kovalchuk (245)
Home stadiumCSKA Arena
Team colors     
IIHF codeRUS
Ranking
Current IIHF2 Increase 1 (27 May 2024)[1]
Highest IIHF1 (2009, 2010–12)
Lowest IIHF7 (2004)
First international
Russia  2–2  Sweden
(Saint Petersburg, Russia; 12 April 1992)
Biggest win
Russia  10–0  Italy
(Bratislava, Slovakia; 15 May 2019)
Biggest defeat
Finland  7–1  Russia
(Helsinki, Finland; 22 April 1997)
Russia  1–7  Czech Republic
(Moscow, Russia; 20 December 1997)
IIHF World Championships
Appearances29 (first in 1992)
Best result Gold: (1993, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2014)
World Cup
Appearances3 (first in 1996)
Best result 3rd: (1996)
Olympics
Appearances9 (first in 1994)
Medals Gold: (2018 as OAR)[2][a]
Silver: (1998, 2022 as ROC)
Bronze: (2002)
International record (W–L–T)
502–271–43
Medal record
Representing  Olympic Athletes from Russia and  ROC
Olympic Games
Gold medal – first place2018 PyeongchangTeam
Silver medal – second place2022 BeijingTeam
Representing  Russia
Olympic Games
Silver medal – second place1998 NaganoTeam
Bronze medal – third place2002 Salt Lake CityTeam
World Championship
Gold medal – first place1993 Germany
Gold medal – first place2008 Canada
Gold medal – first place2009 Switzerland
Gold medal – first place2012 Finland/Sweden
Gold medal – first place2014 Belarus
Silver medal – second place2002 Sweden
Silver medal – second place2010 Germany
Silver medal – second place2015 Czech Republic
Bronze medal – third place2005 Austria
Bronze medal – third place2007 Russia
Bronze medal – third place2016 Russia
Bronze medal – third place2017 Germany/France
Bronze medal – third place2019 Slovakia
World Cup
Bronze medal – third place1996 Montreal

Since the establishment of the team, Russia has participated in 29 IIHF World Championships tournaments and nine Olympic ice hockey tournaments, winning five world championships and one Olympic gold medal.[a]

After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Ice Hockey Federation suspended Russia from all levels of competition on February 28, 2022.[10] In April 2022, the Federation banned Russia from participating in the 2023 IIHF World Championship.[11]

History

Origins

The Allrussian Hockey League was founded by some clubs in the Russian Empire and entered the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) in 1911.[12] However, probably due to misunderstandings ("hockey" was identified with bandy or Russian hockey in Russia, not with the modern ice hockey rules developed in Canada) the Russian team left the organization. There were no matches involving a team from Imperial Russia.[13]

Interest in this sport grew in the Soviet Union in the 2nd half of the 1940s. The first reactions were skeptical; one sports journal, Physical Culture and Sports, characterized it as such: "The game is quite individual and primitive, with few combinations, not as in bandy. Therefore, Canadian hockey should not be cultivated into our country..."[13] However, Canadian hockey became more and more popular in the Soviet Union.[citation needed]

The first Soviet Championships League was introduced in 1946. The national team was formed shortly after, playing their first matches in a series of exhibitions against LTC Praha in 1948.[14][15] In 1952, the Hockey Federation of the USSR joined the International Ice Hockey League, and so received the permission to play in the World Championships and the Olympics. That year is seen as the birth of the Soviet national ice hockey team, the predecessor team of the Russia men's national ice hockey team.[16] The Soviets won the 1954 Ice Hockey World Championships, and two years later they won gold at the 1956 Winter Olympics.[12]

From then until the demise of the Soviet Union in 1991, the "Red Machine" (Russian: Красная Машина; Krasnaya Mashina) was one of the most dominant teams in international play, winning nearly every World Championship and Olympic tournament,[17][12] as well as defeating many teams with professional players, such as in the 1974 Summit Series, the Super Series, and the 1981 Canada Cup. Until 1977, professional players were not able to participate in the World Championship, and it was not until 1988 that they could play in the Winter Olympics. The Soviet team was populated with amateur players who were hired by Soviet enterprises (aircraft industry, food workers, tractor industry) or organizations (KGB, Red Army, Soviet Air Force) that sponsored what would be presented as an after-hours social sports society hockey team for their workers but were set-up for the athletes to train full-time.[18][19] This type of amateur player was contested by Canada and the United States whose best players were participating in professional leagues.[20]

After the USSR's dissolution

The Soviet Union dissolved shortly before the 1992 Winter Olympics, so a Unified Team largely consisting of the former Soviet republics competed instead. The CIS national ice hockey team, composed almost entirely of Russians, with Lithuanian-born Darius Kasparaitis and Ukrainian-born Alexei Zhitnik the only non-Russians, competed as part of this Olympic delegation. The team finished second in its preliminary group, beating co-favorites Canada, 5–4, but losing to Czechoslovakia, 3–4. The CIS team then defeated the Finns and Americans, 6–1 and 5–2, respectively. In the final, they played Canada again, winning 3–1 and claimed the gold medal. The team was coached by the Russian and former Soviet coach Viktor Tikhonov. In later years, the IIHF recognized this gold medal as being won by the Russian national team, rather than by the CIS.[7][8] However, the International Olympic Committee has not recognized Russia as the Olympic champions for this Winter Games.[citation needed]

Russia joined the IIHF as an independent state on 6 May 1992, along with 10 other states, including seven other former Soviet republics. Unlike the others, which applied as new member states and had to begin playing at the bottom tiers of the World Championship, Russia was allowed to replace the Soviet Union in its position and was thus entered into the elite division for the 1992 World Championship.[21] Russia's first actual games after the Soviet dissolution were a series of five friendly games between Sweden, Germany and Switzerland, all taking place in April 1992, the debut game occurring on 12 April 1992 against Sweden and ending in a 2–2 draw.[22] At the 1992 World Championship Russia finished first in its preliminary group but lost to Sweden in the quarterfinals, 2–0. They, however, won the next edition of the tournament, beating Germany, Canada, and Sweden in the playoffs and clinching their first title as Russia and 23rd, including the USSR's totals.[23][citation needed]

The post-Soviet drought

As the USSR fell apart, so did Russia's elite hockey program. At the 1994 Winter Olympics they finished fourth overall, losing the bronze medal match to Finland. Russia also competed at the 1996 World Cup, the successor tournament to the Canada Cup, where the team lost in the semi-finals to the eventual winner, the United States. At the 1998 Winter Olympics, Russia won five consecutive games and reached the gold medal match, where they lost to the Czech Republic, 0–1.[24]

During the drought in 1994, Russian journalist Vsevolod Kukushkin reported that "The people are upset. Russia is a nation of critics." He said the Russian team was struggling with finances to support training, no funding was received from the national level, and professional teams in Russia were struggling to stay afloat. He also reported that the Russian people were upset at losing the nation's best players to the National Hockey League, and not playing on the Russian national team.[25]

The Russian resurgence

Vladimir Putin and Russian team captain Alexander Ovechkin

The Bykov period

After failing to win the gold medal between 1993 and 2007, the Russians restructured the national league as the KHL[26] and hired the 1993 World Champion, Vyacheslav Bykov, as the head coach.[27] Another 1993 champion, Sergey Fedorov, was named the team captain.[28] Afterwards, Russia won the 2008[29] and 2009 World Ice Hockey Championships with perfect records, beating Canada in the finals two times in a row.[30] The Russians would make another run in 2010, losing to the Czech Republic in the gold medal game. However, the disastrous 2010 Olympics and 2011 World Championships led to Bykov's removal.[31]

Bilyaletdinov at the helm

Bykov was replaced with Bilyaletdinov, under whose leadership Russia won the 2012 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships with yet another perfect record, beating Slovakia, 6–2, in the gold medal game.[32] However, as a result of the 2013 Championship and 2014 Olympic performances, Bilyaletdinov was replaced with Oleg Znarok.[33]

The Znarok years

Znarok then led the Russians to the gold medal in the 2014 World Ice Hockey Championship after defeating Finland 5–2 in the final, with a perfect record.[34] The 2014 tournament result set the most perfect records in the IIHF World Championships.[35] For this accomplishment, the Russian team was honored in the Kremlin.[36]

Russia earned a medal in each subsequent tournament, including the silver medal in 2015 and the bronze medals in 2016 and 2017. The team also reached the semi-finals of the World Cup, losing to Canada, the eventual winner.[citation needed]

Russian players met with President Vladimir Putin on 31 January 2018, prior to their departure to South Korea

In 2018, the Russian Olympic Committee was disqualified by the International Olympic Committee for doping, but the Russian players were cleared to participate by the IOC under the Olympic flag as the Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) using professional Russian hockey players with no previous drug violations and a consistent history of drug testing.[37] Like the rest of the Olympic hockey teams in 2018, the Russian team could not use NHL players due to the league's prohibiting player participation in the Olympics. As a result, the team relied on players from the KHL (15 from a reigning champion, SKA Saint Petersburg, 8 from CSKA Moscow and 2 from Metallurg Magnitogorsk).[38]

After a loss in their first game to Slovakia, the OAR team defeated Slovenia and the United States, qualifying for the quarterfinals. The team then defeated Norway and the Czech Republic to reach the finals. The team won the gold medal after a 4–3 overtime victory over the German team in the final.[2] Kovalchuk and Pavel Datsyuk each won their first gold in their fifth Olympic appearance and together with Slava Voynov, were the only players with prior Olympic experience on the team.[39] In its post-Olympics World Ranking, the IIHF considered the OAR team as the Russian team in its rankings.[3] The IIHF considers this victory to be Russia's second gold medal in the Olympics, as they also attributed the 1992 Unified Team gold medal to Russia,[8] however, the IOC does not attribute either of these results to Russia.[40]

After the Olympics, Znarok became a consultant for the Russian National Team. He retired as Russia's most decorated modern head coach, with a World Championship, an Olympic gold medal, and a Euro Hockey Tour victory.[41]

Vorobiev as head coach

Ilya Vorobiev was hired as the interim head coach of the Russian national hockey team in April 2018 for the 2018 IIHF World Championship and the second half of 2017–18 Euro Hockey Tour. In the remainder of Euro Hockey Tour, Vorobiev led the Russian team to a 1–5 record, following the 5–1 record of the Znarok-led team in the first half of 2017–18 Euro Hockey Tour, for the team to finish 6–6 on the season.[42] At the 2018 World Championship, Russia finished second in its group and lost to Canada 4–5 in the quarterfinal, finishing sixth overall.[citation needed]

Next season, Russia went 8–4 in the 2018–19 Euro Hockey Tour, winning the competition and went all the way to the semi-final at the 2019 World Championship, where it lost to Finland before beating the Czech Republic for the bronze.[43] Following the World Championship, Vorobiev was dismissed and replaced with Alexei Kudashov.[44][45]

Kudashov's realm

Kudashov went 3–6 at the 2019–20 Euro Hockey Tour before the 2020 IIHF World Championship was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Kudashov was sacked in June 2020 and replaced with Valeri Bragin, a decorated coach of the Russia men's U20 team.[46][47]

Bragin's team

Bragin proceeded to win the 2020–21 Euro Hockey Tour with a 10–2 record. At the 2021 IIHF World Championship, Russia went 6–1 in the group stage but then lost in the quarter-finals to Canada, which finished with a 3–4 record in the group stage but went on to win the tournament.[48][49][50] Bragin was replaced by Alexei Zhamnov in September 2021.[51]

Zhamnov's team

With Zhamnov the Russian national team participated at the 2022 Olympics in Beijing (under the Russian Olympic Committee flag and the moniker ROC), where they reached the second Olympic final in a row, losing to Finland 1–2 and winning silver medals.[citation needed]

After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Ice Hockey Federation suspended Russia from all levels of competition.[10] In April 2022, the Federation banned Russia from participating in the 2023 IIHF World Championship.[11]

Despite the ban, the team participated in the 2023 Channel One Cup, alongside Kazakhstan and Belarus.[52]

Tournament record

Olympic Games

The bronze medal-winning Russian team at the 2002 Winter Olympics
GamesGPWLTGFGACoachCaptainRosterFinish
19561988As  Soviet Union
1992 AlbertvilleAs Unified Team
1994 Lillehammer84402624Viktor TikhonovAlexander Smirnovroster4th place
1998 Nagano65102612Vladimir YurzinovPavel Bureroster  Silver
2002 Salt Lake City63211914Viacheslav FetisovIgor Larionovroster  Bronze
2006 Turin85302518Vladimir KrikunovAlexei Kovalevroster4th place
2010 Vancouver42201613Vyacheslav BykovAlexei Morozovroster6th place
2014 Sochi5320138Zinetula BilyaletdinovPavel Datsyukroster5th place
2018 PyeongchangAs  Olympic Athletes from Russia[2]
6510279Oleg ZnarokPavel Datsyukroster  Gold
2022 BeijingAs  ROC
64201410Alexei ZhamnovVadim Shipachyovroster  Silver

World Championship

Alexander Semin's first goal in the 2008 IIHF World Championship final
ChampionshipGPWOWTOLLGFGACoachCaptainFinish
19541991As  Soviet Union
1992 Prague, Bratislava64112312Viktor TikhonovVitali Prokhorov5th place
1993 Munich, Dortmund85123018Boris MikhailovVyacheslav Bykov  Gold
1994 Bolzano, Canazei and Milan64113110Boris MikhailovIlya Byakin5th place
1995 Stockholm, Gävle65012612Boris MikhailovVyacheslav Bykov5th place
1996 Vienna860113317Vladimir VasilyevAlexei Yashin4th place
1997 Helsinki, Tampere, Turku115333533Igor DmitrievSergei Bautin4th place
1998 Basel, Zürich64112918Vladimir YurzinovVitali Prokhorov5th place
1999 Oslo, Hamar, Lillehammer63121813Alexander YakushevAlexei Yashin5th place
2000 St. Petersburg5104812Alexander YakushevPavel Bure11th place
2001 Nuremberg, Cologne, Hanover630121915Boris MikhailovAlexei Yashin6th place
2002 Gothenburg, Karlstad, Jönköping821142222Boris MikhailovAndrei Kovalenko  Silver
2003 Helsinki, Tampere, Turku62041617Vladimir PlyuschevSergei Gusev7th place
2004 Prague, Ostrava51041014Viktor TikhonovOleg Tverdovsky10th place
2005 Vienna, Innsbruck841212618Vladimir KrikunovAlexei Kovalev  Bronze
2006 Riga641102515Vladimir KrikunovMaxim Sushinsky5th place
2007 Moscow870103513Vyacheslav BykovPetr Schastlivy  Bronze
2008 Quebec City, Halifax853003617Vyacheslav BykovAlexei Morozov  Gold
2009 Bern, Kloten871003617Vyacheslav BykovAlexei Morozov  Gold
2010 Cologne, Mannheim, Gelsenkirchen870012810Vyacheslav BykovIlya Kovalchuk  Silver
2011 Bratislava, Košice830141825Vyacheslav BykovAlexei Morozov4th place
2012 Helsinki, Stockholm10100004414Zinetula BilyaletdinovIlya Nikulin  Gold
2013 Stockholm, Helsinki850033222Zinetula BilyaletdinovIlya Nikulin6th place
2014 Minsk10100004210Oleg ZnarokAlexander Ovechkin  Gold
2015 Prague, Ostrava1061124025Oleg ZnarokIlya Kovalchuk  Silver
2016 Moscow, St. Petersburg1080024416Oleg ZnarokPavel Datsyuk  Bronze
2017 Paris, Cologne1071024517Oleg ZnarokSergei Mozyakin  Bronze
2018 Copenhagen, Herning850213615Ilya VorobievPavel Datsyuk6th place
2019 Bratislava, Košice1081014313Ilya VorobievIlya Kovalchuk  Bronze
2020 Zürich, LausanneCancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic[53]
2021 Riga (As  ROC)
851112912Valeri BraginAnton Slepyshev5th place
2022 – presentExpelled due to 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine[54]

World Cup

YearGPWLTGFGACoachCaptainFinish
1996 World Cup of Hockey52301919Boris MikhailovViacheslav Fetisov  Bronze (tie)
2004 World Cup of Hockey42201211Zinetula BilyaletdinovAlexei Kovalev5th place
2016 World Cup of Hockey42201110Oleg ZnarokAlexander Ovechkin4th place
President Dmitry Medvedev meets with the national hockey team following the 2008 World Championship

Euro Hockey Tour

The Euro Hockey Tour (EHT) started in 1996 and is held every season between the quartet of European nations of the Big Six nations of ice hockey. The usual format is to have the teams play against each other four times, once in Finland, once in Russia, once in Sweden, and once in the Czech Republic. There are occasional deviations from the format if additional nations, such as Canada, are invited to compete. Russia has won the EHT nine times as of 2022.

Euro Hockey Tour medal table

Men
RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1  Finland (FIN)99826
2  Russia (RUS)96520
3  Sweden (SWE)77519
4  Czech Republic (CZE)361019
Totals (4 entries)28282884
Women
RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1  Finland (FIN)2002
2  Sweden (SWE)0112
3  Czech Republic (CZE)0101
4  Russia (RUS)0011
Totals (4 entries)2226

Tournament summary

Russia's Euro Hockey Tour (EHT) Cup medal table

As of February 2022

TournamentGoldSilverBronzeMedals
Karjala Tournament861024
Channel One Cup138425
Sweden Hockey Games54716
Czech Hockey Games46515
Total30232679

Other tournaments

Team

Current roster

Roster for the 2021 IIHF World Championship.[55]

Head coach: Valeri Bragin[56]

No.Pos.NameHeightWeightBirthdateTeam
2DArtyom Zub1.88 m (6 ft 2 in)90 kg (200 lb) (1995-10-03) 3 October 1995 (age 28) Ottawa Senators
4DVladislav GavrikovA1.90 m (6 ft 3 in)97 kg (214 lb) (1995-11-21) 21 November 1995 (age 28) Los Angeles Kings
7DDmitry Orlov1.82 m (6 ft 0 in)92 kg (203 lb) (1991-07-23) 23 July 1991 (age 32) Carolina Hurricanes
8FIvan Morozov1.86 m (6 ft 1 in)89 kg (196 lb) (2000-05-05) 5 May 2000 (age 24) Spartak Moscow
9DIvan Provorov1.86 m (6 ft 1 in)91 kg (201 lb) (1997-01-13) 13 January 1997 (age 27) Columbus Blue Jackets
10FSergey Tolchinsky1.73 m (5 ft 8 in)72 kg (159 lb) (1995-02-03) 3 February 1995 (age 29) SKA Saint Petersburg
11FDmitri Voronkov1.92 m (6 ft 4 in)86 kg (190 lb) (2000-09-10) 10 September 2000 (age 23) Columbus Blue Jackets
15FPavel Karnaukhov1.90 m (6 ft 3 in)95 kg (209 lb) (1997-03-15) 15 March 1997 (age 27) CSKA Moscow
16DNikita Zadorov1.96 m (6 ft 5 in)104 kg (229 lb) (1995-04-16) 16 April 1995 (age 29) Vancouver Canucks
21FKonstantin Okulov1.84 m (6 ft 0 in)82 kg (181 lb) (1995-02-18) 18 February 1995 (age 29) CSKA Moscow
25FMikhail Grigorenko1.89 m (6 ft 2 in)95 kg (209 lb) (1994-05-16) 16 May 1994 (age 30) CSKA Moscow
27DIgor Ozhiganov1.88 m (6 ft 2 in)94 kg (207 lb) (1992-10-13) 13 October 1992 (age 31) Dynamo Moscow
31GAlexander Samonov1.82 m (6 ft 0 in)76 kg (168 lb) (1995-08-23) 23 August 1995 (age 28) Salavat Yulaev Ufa
32GSergei Bobrovsky1.88 m (6 ft 2 in)86 kg (190 lb) (1988-09-20) 20 September 1988 (age 35) Florida Panthers
37FEvgeny Timkin1.95 m (6 ft 5 in)99 kg (218 lb) (1990-09-03) 3 September 1990 (age 33) Salavat Yulaev Ufa
57FArtyom Shvets-Rogovoy1.87 m (6 ft 2 in)84 kg (185 lb) (1995-03-03) 3 March 1995 (age 29) SKA Saint Petersburg
58FAnton SlepyshevC1.85 m (6 ft 1 in)98 kg (216 lb) (1994-05-13) 13 May 1994 (age 30) CSKA Moscow
60GKIvan Bocharov1.87 m (6 ft 2 in)76 kg (168 lb) (1995-05-18) 18 May 1995 (age 29) Lokomotiv Yaroslavl
71FAnton BurdasovA1.88 m (6 ft 2 in)97 kg (214 lb) (1991-05-09) 9 May 1991 (age 33) Traktor Chelyabinsk
72FEmil Galimov1.87 m (6 ft 2 in)84 kg (185 lb) (1992-05-09) 9 May 1992 (age 32) SKA Saint Petersburg
78FMaxim Shalunov1.93 m (6 ft 4 in)90 kg (200 lb) (1993-01-31) 31 January 1993 (age 31) Lokomotiv Yaroslavl
81FVladislav Kamenev1.89 m (6 ft 2 in)88 kg (194 lb) (1996-08-12) 12 August 1996 (age 27) CSKA Moscow
87DRushan Rafikov1.89 m (6 ft 2 in)91 kg (201 lb) (1995-05-15) 15 May 1995 (age 29) Lokomotiv Yaroslavl
89DNikita Nesterov1.80 m (5 ft 11 in)83 kg (183 lb) (1993-03-28) 28 March 1993 (age 31) CSKA Moscow
91FVladimir Tarasenko1.82 m (6 ft 0 in)95 kg (209 lb) (1991-12-13) 13 December 1991 (age 32) Florida Panthers
94FAlexander Barabanov1.79 m (5 ft 10 in)89 kg (196 lb) (1994-06-17) 17 June 1994 (age 29) San Jose Sharks
96FAndrei Kuzmenko1.81 m (5 ft 11 in)88 kg (194 lb) (1996-02-04) 4 February 1996 (age 28) Calgary Flames
98DGrigori Dronov1.90 m (6 ft 3 in)91 kg (201 lb) (1998-01-10) 10 January 1998 (age 26) Traktor Chelyabinsk

Coaching history

Olympics
World Championships
World Cup

Uniform evolution

See also

Notes

References

External links