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→Description: the number of spokes is undue, unmentioned by the majority of modern descriptions | पाटलिपुत्र (talk | contribs) →Description: Restoring valuable description of the topmost wheel. User:Fowler&fowler please edit collaboratively, and stop systematically deleting the contributions of others. No WP:OWN please! Tag: Reverted | ||
Line 85: The capital is {{convert|7|ft|m}} tall in total. Its lowest portion is a bell {{convert|2|ft|cm}} high, carved in the [[Persepolitan]] style, and decorated with 16 petals. Above the bell is a circular [[abacus (architecture)|abacus]], or a drum-shaped slab, of diameter {{convert|34|in|cm}} and height {{convert|13+1/2|in|cm}}. Sitting back to back on the abacus are four lions, each {{convert|3+3/4|ft|m}} tall. Two of these are undamaged. The heads of the other two had come off before excavation and required affixing. Of these, one lion was missing the lower jaw at the time of excavation and the other the upper. On the side of the abacus and below each lion is carved a wheel of 24 spokes in high relief. Between the wheels, also shown in high relief are four animals following each other from right to left. They are a lion, an elephant, a bull, and a horse; the first three are shown at walking pace but the horse is at full gallop.{{sfn|Sahni|1914|p=28}}{{sfn|Oertel|1908|p=69}} [[File:Ashok Pillar replica in Chiang Mai Thailand (2).jpg|thumb|right|A replica of the Sarnath capital at [[Wat Umong|Wat Umong Suan Puthatham]] in [[Chiang Mai]], Thailand]] A larger wheel was placed atop the lions.{{efn|"The pillar was originally crowned by a large chakra, or wheel of truth, some of whose spokes are in the Sarnath Museum.{{sfn|Wriggins|2021|ps=}}}}{{efn|"The famous four lion capital at Sarnath was surmounted by a wheel and stood above a carved abacus depicting the four noble, or cardinal, beasts – the lion, the elephant, the horse and the bull."{{sfn|Coningham|Young|2015|p=444}}}} It was held in place by a shaft. Although the shaft was never found, a hole {{convert|8|in|cm}} across in which it was fitted appears drilled into the unfinished rock between the lions. Four fragments of the rim of this larger wheel were found, on which the ends of 13 spokes remained.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sahni |first1=Dayaram |title=Catalogue of the Museum of Archaeology at Sarnath |date=1914 |page=29 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.22839/page/28/mode/1up |language=English}}</ref> Oertel described the wheel in his report, writing that these fragments "enabled the wheel to be restored with some certainty" and that "it apparently had 32 spokes".{{sfn|Oertel|1908|p=69}}{{sfn|Asif|2020|p=41}} Sahni in his report of six years later wrote about the spokes of the larger wheel that "their total number was presumably 32."{{sfn|Sahni|1914|p=28}} The pieces of this wheel are now visible in the [[Sarnath Museum]] with a reconstitution, next to the capital, and its diameter is estimated to be around {{convert|3.5|ft|m}}.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Huntington |first1=John |title= Understanding the 5th Century Buddhas of Sarnath: A Newly Identified Mudra and a New Comprehension of the Dharmachakra Mudra |journal=Orientations |date=2009 |page=90, Fig.8 |url=https://huntingtonarchive.org/resources/downloads/jchArticles/5_48%20Sarnath%20Buddhas.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Remains of the topmost wheel in the Sarnath Archaeological Museum (onsite photograph)|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/len_pix/48149253647/in/album-72157709306595236/ |date=17 February 2019}}</ref> According to the art historian of Sarnath, the late Frederick Asher, although the [[Dhamek Stupa]] has been considered the site of the Buddha's first sermon by western scholars, it is the lion capital and its pillar that have come to be replicated in other parts of Asia. Copies of the pillar are found in southeast Asia and East Asia.{{sfn|Asher|2020|p=76}} | |||
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