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Line 7: '''Gospel''' ({{lang-grc-gre\|εὐαγγέλιον}}; {{lang-la\|evangelium}}) originally meant the [[Christianity\|Christian]] message ("[[the gospel]]"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was reported.{{sfn\|Cross\|Livingstone\|2005\|p=697}} In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words and deeds of [[Jesus]], culminating in [[trial of Jesus\|his trial]] and [[crucifixion of Jesus\|death]] and concluding with various reports of [[resurrection of Jesus#Biblical accounts\|his post-resurrection appearances]].{{sfn\|Alexander\|2006\|p=16}} Modern [[Biblical studies\|biblical scholars]] are cautious of relying on the gospels uncritically, but nevertheless, they provide a good idea of the public career of Jesus, and critical study can attempt to distinguish the original ideas of Jesus from those of the later [[Early Christian writers\|Christian authors]].{{sfn\|Reddish\|2011\|pp=21–22}}{{sfn\|Sanders\|1995\|pp=4–5}} The canonical gospels are the four which appear in the [[New Testament]] of the [[Bible]]. They were probably written between AD 66 and 110.{{sfn\|Perkins\|1998\|p=241}}{{sfn\|Reddish\|2011\|pp=108, 144}}{{sfn\|Lincoln\|2005\|p=18}} Most scholars hold that all four were anonymous (with the modern names of the "[[Four Evangelists]]" added in the 2nd century), almost certainly none<!-- Do not change without first discussing on Talk page --> were by eyewitnesses, and all are the end-products of long [[oral tradition\|oral]] and written transmission.{{sfn\|Reddish\|2011\|pp=13, 42}} According to the current majority of scholars, [[Gospel of Mark\|Mark]] was the first to be written, using a variety of sources,{{sfn\|Goodacre\|2001\|p=56}}{{sfn\|Boring\|2006\|pp=13–14}} followed by [[Gospel of Matthew\|Matthew]] and [[Gospel of Luke\|Luke]], which both independently used Mark for their narrative of Jesus's career, supplementing it with a collection of sayings called "the [[Q source]]", and additional material unique to each.{{sfn\|Levine\|2009\|p=6}} There is near-consensus that [[Gospel of John\|John]] had its origins as the hypothetical [[Signs Gospel]] thought to have been circulated within a [[Johannine community]].{{sfn\|Burge\|2014\|p=309}} Many [[new Testament apocrypha\|non-canonical gospels]] were also written, all later than the four canonical gospels, and like them advocating the particular theological views of their various authors.{{sfn\|Petersen\|2010\|p=51}}{{sfn\|Culpepper\|1999\|p=66}} Important examples include the gospels of [[Gospel of Thomas\|Thomas]], [[Gospel of Peter\|Peter]], [[Gospel of Judas\|Judas]], and [[Gospel of Mary\|Mary]]; [[infancy gospels]] such as that of [[Gospel of James\|James]] (the first to introduce the [[perpetual virginity of Mary]]); and [[gospel harmony\|gospel harmonies]] such as the [[Diatessaron]].