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Line 1: <!-- Commented out because image was deleted: [[Image:Young Physique v 1.jpg|right|frame|''Young Physique'' magazine, vol. 1, August 1958]] --> '''Beefcake magazines''' were [[magazine]]s published in [[North America]] in the 1930s to 1960s that featured photographs of attractive, muscular young men in athletic poses. While their primary market was [[Homosexuality|gay]] men, until the 1960s, they were typically presented as being magazines dedicated to encouraging [[Physical fitness|fitness]] and [[health]]: the models were often shown demonstrating [[Physical exercise|exercises]]. Because of the conservative and [[homophobia|homophobic]] social culture of the era, and because of [[censorship]] laws, [[gay pornography]] could not be sold openly. Gay men turned to [[beefcake]] magazines, which could be sold in newspaper stands, book stores and [[pharmacy|pharmacies]]. Beefcake magazines were often the only connection that [[The closet|closeted]] gay men had to their sexuality. Beginning in December 1945, [[Gay pornography]] pioneer [[Bob Mizer]] founded [[Athletic Model Guild]], or AMG. Mizer's AMG produced ''Physique Pictorial'', the first all-nude and all-male magazine, and the film ''[[Beefcake (film)|Beefcake]]'' documents his work and the growth of the Beefcake magazine industry. [[H. Lynn Womack]] published magazines such as ''Manorama'', ''MANual'', ''Fizeek'', and ''Trim'' and was involved in the [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]] case ''[[MANual Enterprises v. Day]]'' (1962). From 1964 to 1967, [[Clark Polak]] published ''[[Drum (American magazine|DRUM]]''. In the 1960s, the pretense of being about exercise and fitness was dropped as controls on pornography were reduced. By the end of the decade, however, gay pornography became legal, and the market for beefcake magazines collapsed. |
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