Et tu, Brute?: Difference between revisions

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Line 13: Caesar's last words are not known with certainty. In the play ''[[Julius Caesar (play)\|Julius Caesar]]'' (1599), Caesar says "''Et tu, Brute?'' Then fall, Caesar!"<ref>[http://shakespeare-navigators.com/JC_Navigator/JC_3_1.html#speech36 ''Julius Caesar'', Act 3, Scene 1, Line 77]</ref> Shakespeare was making use of a phrase already in use: it appears for example, in [[Richard Edes\|Richard Eedes]]'s Latin play ''Caesar Interfectus'' of 1582, and also in ''The True Tragedie of Richard Duke of Yorke, and the death of good King Henrie the Sixt, with the Whole Contention betweene the two Houses Lancaster and Yorke'' of 1595, which is the earliest printed version of Shakespeare's play ''[[Henry VI, Part 3]]''.<ref>{{cite book \|title=The Works of William Shakespeare \|last=Dyce \|first=Alexander \|authorlink= Alexander Dyce \|year= 1866\|publisher=Chapman and Hall \|location= London\|page= 648 }}</ref> The phrase derives from the Roman historian [[Suetonius]], who quotes others who say Caesar's last words were the [[Greek language\|Greek]] phrase "{{lang\|grc\|καὶ σὺ, τέκνον;}}" (transliterated ''Kai su, teknon?'').<ref>''...uno modo ad primum ictum gemitu sine voce edito; etsi tradiderunt quidam Marco Bruto irruenti dixisse "καὶ σύ, τέκνον;".'' [[De Vita Caesarum]], Liber I, Divus Iulius, LXXXII.</ref> The phrase means "You too, child?" or "You too, young man?". It has been suggested that the phrase could be interpreted to support the rumors that Brutus was Caesar's illegitimate son, which has been shown to be highly improbable.<ref>Corrigan, Kirsty. ''Brutus Caesar's Assassin''. Pen and Sword, 2015. {{ISBN\|9781473871762}}. pp. 10-11 </ref> It is not known for certain that Caesar spoke the words. Suetonius himself claims Caesar said nothing as he died, and that others only reported that Caesar said that phrase after recognizing Brutus.<ref>Suetonius, ''The Lives of Twelve Caesars'', Life of Julius Caesar [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Suetonius/12Caesars/Julius.html#82.2 82.2]</ref><ref>The Alexander Thomson translation, [[OCLC]] 224612692</ref><ref>Suetonius, ''The Lives of Twelve Caesars'', Life of Julius Caesar, [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/suetonius-julius.html translation by JC Rolfe]</ref> [[Plutarch]] also reports that Caesar said nothing and merely pulled his [[toga]] over his head when he saw Brutus among the conspirators.<ref>Plutarch, ''The Parallel Lives'', Life of Caesar [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Caesar.html#66.9 66.9]</ref>