Manchu people: Difference between revisions

After the 19th century, most Manchus had perfected Standard Chinese and the number of Manchu speakers was dwindling.<ref>{{harvnb|Tong|2009|p=33}}</ref> Although the Qing emperors emphasized the importance of the Manchu language again and again, the tide could not be turned. After the Qing dynasty collapsed, the Manchu language lost its status as a national language and its official use in education ended. Manchus today generally speak Standard Chinese. The remaining skilled native Manchu speakers number less than 100,<ref>{{cite web |url = http://society.people.com.cn/GB/6445366.html |title = 全国现有满族人口1000多万 会说满语者已不足百人 |publisher = |accessdate = 18 March 2015}}</ref> most of whom are to be found in [[Sanjiazi]] ({{manchu|m={{ManchuSibeUnicode|lang=mnc|ᡳᠯᠠᠨ<br />ᠪᠣᡠ᠋}}|v=ilan boo|a=ilan bou}}), Heilongjiang Province.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://culture.people.com.cn/GB/40483/40486/4334084.html |title = 满语"活化石"――"伊兰孛"--文化--人民网 |publisher = |accessdate = 18 March 2015}}</ref> Since the 1980s, there has been a resurgence of the Manchu language among the government, scholars and social activities.<ref>{{harvnb|Writing Group of Manchu Brief History|2009|p=218}}</ref> In recent years, with the help of the governments in Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang, many schools started to have Manchu classes.<ref>[http://www.ln.chinanews.com/html/2012-03-20/457675.html Liaoning News: 29 Manchu Teachers of Huanren, Benxi Are Now On Duty (simplified Chinese)] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130102104216/http://www.ln.chinanews.com/html/2012-03-20/457675.html |date=2 January 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.chinanews.com/edu/2011/10-29/3423577.shtml |title = 辽宁一高中开设满语课 满族文化传承引关注|author=chinanews |publisher = |accessdate = 18 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://edu.sina.com.cn/zxx/2012-03-22/1435332134.shtml |title = 满语课首次进入吉林一中学课堂(图) |publisher = |accessdate = 18 March 2015}}</ref> There are also Manchu volunteers in many places of China who freely teach Manchu in the desire to rescue the language.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.mzb.com.cn/zgmzb/html/2011-07/29/content_78793.htm |title = 中国民族报电子版 |publisher = |accessdate = 18 March 2015}}</ref><ref>[http://big5.ifeng.com/gate/big5/news.ifeng.com/gundong/detail_2011_12/12/11251077_0.shtml iFeng: Jin Biao's 10-Year Dream of Manchu Language (traditional Chinese)]</ref><ref>[http://i.syd.com.cn/content/2011-12/05/content_25882720.htm Shenyang Daily: Young Man Teaches Manchu For Free To Rescue the Language (simplified Chinese)]</ref><ref>[http://bjwb.bjd.com.cn/html/2012-03/03/node_17.htm Beijing Evening News: the Worry of Manchu language (simplified Chinese)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513105009/http://bjwb.bjd.com.cn/html/2012-03/03/node_17.htm |date=13 May 2013 }}</ref> Thousands of non-Manchu speakers have learned the language through these platforms.<ref name="takungpao"/><ref>{{cite web |url = http://liaoning.nen.com.cn/liaoning/178/3607178.shtml |title = 别让满语文成天书 满语文抢救需靠大众力量[组图]_辽宁_文化 |publisher = |accessdate = 18 March 2015}}</ref><ref>[http://bjwb.bjd.com.cn/html/2012-03/03/content_55839.htm Beijing Evening News: 1980s Generation's Rescue Plan of Manchu Language (simplified Chinese)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513094153/http://bjwb.bjd.com.cn/html/2012-03/03/content_55839.htm |date=13 May 2013 }}</ref>