Ngäbe: Difference between revisions

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In the early 21st century, most Ngäbe work as [[subsistence farmer]]s and agricultural laborers. On the Pacific slopes, the main crops are [[rice]], [[corn]], [[yucca]], otoy, [[Yam (vegetable)|ñame]], and several species of beans. Small-scale [[livestock]] production of chickens and pigs is maintained. In the higher elevations, such livestock is supplemented by hunting (where permitted). The primary crop for the Ngäbe on the Atlantic slopes is green bananas.
 
In order to survive, many Ngäbe resort to working in the cash economy. They pick coffee, work on large cattle ranches, and on banana plantations to make cash. Also, some Ngäbe sell traditional beaded necklaces on the side of the roads in Panama. The Ngäbe women make many traditional crafts, both for their own use and their families', but also to sell as extra income. These include handmade bags from plant fibers called ''kra'',<ref>[https://vimeo.com/4691958 KRA] Video of Kra bag making</ref><ref>[http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/UWDCNew/search?ia=f&pia=f&v=f&sp=0&rp=10&prp=10&q=textile&fq=subject_topic_facet%3A%22carrier%2Fcontainer%22+%3E+subject_geographic_facet%3A%22North+America%22+%3E+subject_geographic_facet:%22Panama%22&rsm=t Kra / chacara bags] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722220816/http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/UWDCNew/search?ia=f&pia=f&v=f&sp=0&rp=10&prp=10&q=textile&fq=subject_topic_facet%3A%22carrier%2Fcontainer%22+%3E+subject_geographic_facet%3A%22North+America%22+%3E+subject_geographic_facet:%22Panama%22&rsm=t |date=2015-07-22 }} University of Wisconsin Digital Collections</ref> colorful dresses called ''nagua'', and beaded bracelets and necklaces. The men weave hats from plant fibers.
 
Many of the coastal-living Ngäbe men, such as those living on the Bocas del Toro islands or on Punto Valiente, rely on ocean resources to provide for their families. They go spearfishing and lobster diving. They both consume and sell what they catch, depending on their circumstances at the time.
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* 91.7% of the population lives in extreme poverty (that is, they make less than $2 a day)<ref name="guay"/><ref>Camara de Comercio, Industrias y Agricultura de Panama. Centro de Estudio Economicos CEECAM. Desempeño Economico – 1 Trimestre del año 2010.</ref>
 
Development projects like the Cerro Colorado mining project put Ngobe-Bugle ancestral lands in peril.<ref>{{cite web |author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees |url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,463af2212,49746ddc2,49749cce1e,0,,,.html |title=Refworld &#124; World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Panama : Guaymi (Ngobe-Bugle) |publisher=Unhcr.org |date= |accessdate=2014-01-27 }}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Part of their area is under risk to be flooded by [[hydroelectricity]] project [[Barro Blanco]].<ref name="aljazeera.com">{{cite web|author=People and Power |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/peopleandpower/2012/03/20123208464402131.html |title=Panama: Village of the damned - People & Power |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date= |accessdate=2014-01-27}}</ref> Scores of Ngabe men, women, and children were arrested in response to protest against the project.<ref name="aljazeera.com"/>
 
==Notes and references==
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==External links==
{{commons category|Ngabe people}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061025180848/http://www.southernhorizons.com/PA_a_comarca.htm Ngobe Bugle] {{en icon}}
*[http://countrystudies.us/panama/30.htm US Library of Congress] – Guaymí
*[http://medo.awardspace.com A Ngobe development organization]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080905134509/http://www.soloy.pueblerino.info/english/index.html Ngobe Botanical garden]
*[http://www.nmai.si.edu/searchcollections/results.aspx?regid=230 Guaymi artwork], National Museum of the American Indian
{{Ethnic groups in Costa Rica}}