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Line 4: '''Jew with a coin''' ({{lang-pl|Żyd z pieniążkiem}}),<ref name="Tartakowsky"/><ref name="Tokarska-Bakir2012">[http://wyborcza.pl/1,75410,11172689,Zyd_z_pieniazkiem_podbija_Polske.html A Jew with a coin conquers Poland (Polish)], Joanna Tokarska-Bakir, 18 February 2012.</ref><ref name="Tokarska-Bakir2019">[http://www.aapjstudies.org/manager/external/ckfinder/userfiles/files/Jew_with_a_coin_FINAL.2.pdf The Jew with a Coin: Analysis of a contemporary folkloric emblem (AAPJ)], Joanna Tokarska-Bakir, 2019.</ref> "Little Jews" ({{lang-pl|Żydki}})<ref name="haaretz20141120"/>, or '''Lucky Jew''' ({{lang-pl|"Żyd na szczęście"}})<ref name="Tartakowsky"/> are images or [[figurines]] of a Jew holding a coin, usually accompanied by a [[proverb]].<ref name="Tartakowsky"/> The motif was first described in articles from 2000, and probably dates back to after the [[Revolutions of 1989#Poland|1989 transition of Polish government]].<ref name="Tartakowsky"/> Originally hand-crafted, many of the images are now mass-produced in standardized forms.<ref name="Gruber"/> As of the early 21st century, they were found in many Polish souvenir shops<ref name="haaretz20141120"/><ref name="JTA20180818"/><ref name="Tokarska-Bakir2012"/> and homes.<ref name="TOI20141229"/> A 2015 survey found that 19% of Poles owned such an item.<ref name=dobr/><ref>Wydaje się, że niska znajomość oraz popularność magicznych rytuałów czynionych na wizerunku – skontrastowana z wysoką rozpoznawalnością „Żyda z pieniążkiem” – może wynikać z krótkiego rodowodu tego przesądu, który nie zdążył się jeszcze ugruntować jako praktyka automatyczna(...)Hipotezę o słabym ugruntowaniu praktyki w polskim kontekście kulturowym wzmacnia porównanie z wykonywaniem przez Polaków innych praktyk uznawanych z przesądne''„Żyd z pieniążkiem” jako praktyka polskiej kultury wernakularnej. Wstępny raport z badań, „Kultura Współczesna” 2015, nr 3. Pawel Dobrosielski page 71</ref> Scholars offer various interpretations of the motif's nature and origin, though they generally agree that most modern Poles see the motif as a [[talisman]] for financial luck. While the images draw on a traditional [[Antisemitic canard#Usury and profiteering|antisemitic caricature of the Jewish moneylender]],<ref name="Cala"/><ref>[https://www.academia.edu/39121018/Lucky_Jews Luck Jews?] Pictures + Essay by Erica Lehrer in [[Jewish Museum London]]'s 2019 ''Jews, Money, Myth'' exhibition catalog</ref> opinions about the motif vary, ranging from Collectible Jews: lovable tchatchkes or anti-Semitic paraphernalia? Evelyn Tauben Canadian Jewish News </ref> |
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