Warang Citi

(Redirected from Varang Kshiti)

Warang Citi (also written Varang Kshiti or Barang Kshiti; Ho: 𑢹𑣗𑣁𑣜𑣊 𑣏𑣂𑣕𑣂,[1] IPA: /wɐrɐŋ ʧɪt̪ɪ/) is a writing system invented by Lako Bodra for the Ho language spoken in East India. It is used in primary and adult education and in various publications.

Warang Citi
𑢹𑣗𑣁𑣜𑣊 𑢯𑣂𑣕𑣂
Uppercase
Lowercase
The word 'Warang Citi (Hbårŋ citi-Undying Writing)' in Warang Citi uppercase and lowercase script[1]
Script type
CreatorLako Bodra
Time period
1950s — present
DirectionLeft-to-right Edit this on Wikidata
LanguagesHo
Related scripts
Parent systems
original invention
  • Warang Citi
ISO 15924
ISO 15924Wara (262), ​Warang Citi (Varang Kshiti)
Unicode
Unicode alias
Warang Citi
U+118A0–U+118FF
Final Accepted Script Proposal

It has mainly gained acceptance among the easternmost group of speakers, and is more prevalent among those who have been educated in it. Many other speakers prefer oral transmission of knowledge, Devanagari, or Latin, but Warang Citi holds prestige among many Ho speakers.

History

Community leader Bodra invented it as an alternative to the writing systems devised by Christian missionaries. He claims that the alphabet was invented in the 13th century by Deowan Turi, and that it was rediscovered in a shamanistic vision and modernized by Lako Bodra.

'Ong' in Warang Citi script

Characters

It is written from left to right in horizontal lines.

Warang Citi is quite distinct from other writing systems of India, and it has features of an abugida and an alphabet.[1] As in Brahmic abugidas, consonant letters have an inherent vowel, usually /a/ or /ɔ/ but sometimes /ɛ/. The inherent vowel is not pronounced at the end of the word. Unlike in Brahmic abugidas, and more like in an alphabet, the full vowel letters are always written after the consonant, letters usually don't form ligatures, and there is no virama character.

It follows capitalization rules as are done in English and follows English punctuation. There are few ligatures that combine to form new sounds, and there are conjunct consonants that are used as well by stacking in some cases.

The script begins with the letter Ong, which corresponds to Om in other Brahmic scripts. It has 32 letters in total with capital and small letters.

Warang Chiti script
Capital letterSmall letterNameTransliterationSound
Deva.(1)Beng.(1)Odia(1)
𑣿OngSacred letterom
𑢠𑣀Ngaaṃ, ŋ (nasalisation)
𑢡𑣁Aa
𑢢𑣂Wiिিିi
𑢣𑣃Yuu
𑢤𑣄Ya:ʔ (glottal stop)
𑢥𑣅Yoy
𑢦𑣆Iiī
𑢧𑣇Uuū
𑢨𑣈Ee
𑢩𑣉Oo
𑢪𑣊Ang
𑢫𑣋Gaଗ୍g
𑢬𑣌Koକ୍k
𑢭𑣍Enyଞ୍ñ
𑢮𑣎Yujଜ୍j
𑢯𑣏Ucଚ୍c
𑢰𑣐Enn
𑢱𑣑Oddড়ଡ଼୍
𑢲𑣒Tteଟ୍
𑢳𑣓Nungନ୍n
𑢴𑣔Da:ଦ୍d
𑢵𑣕Otତ୍t
𑢶𑣖Amମ୍m
𑢷𑣗Buବ୍b
𑢸𑣘Puପ୍p
𑢹𑣙Hiyoହ୍h
𑢺𑣚Holoଲ୍l
𑢻𑣛Horrड़ড়
𑢼𑣜Harର୍r
𑢽𑣝Ssuuश,षশ,ষଶ,ଷ
𑢾𑣞Siiସ୍s
𑢿𑣟(Viyo)ওয়ligature of

𑢡 (a) and 𑢹 (hiyo)

Warang Citi uses its own set of numerals. The digits are used in modern writing, whereas signs for numbers above 9 are falling into disuse.

DigitWarang CitiDevanagariBengaliOdia
0𑣠
1𑣡
2𑣢
3𑣣
4𑣤
5𑣥
6𑣦
7𑣧
8𑣨
9𑣩
10𑣪१०১০୧୦
20𑣫२०২০୨୦
30𑣬३०৩০୩୦
40𑣭४०৪০୪୦
50𑣮५०৫০୫୦
60𑣯६०৬০୬୦
70𑣰७०৭০୭୦
80𑣱८०৮০୮୦
90𑣲९०৯০୯୦

Unicode

Warang Citi was added to the Unicode Standard in June 2014 with the release of version 7.0.

The Unicode block for Warang Citi is U+118A0–U+118FF. Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points:

Warang Citi[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
 0123456789ABCDEF
U+118Ax𑢠𑢡𑢢𑢣𑢤𑢥𑢦𑢧𑢨𑢩𑢪𑢫𑢬𑢭𑢮𑢯
U+118Bx𑢰𑢱𑢲𑢳𑢴𑢵𑢶𑢷𑢸𑢹𑢺𑢻𑢼𑢽𑢾𑢿
U+118Cx𑣀𑣁𑣂𑣃𑣄𑣅𑣆𑣇𑣈𑣉𑣊𑣋𑣌𑣍𑣎𑣏
U+118Dx𑣐𑣑𑣒𑣓𑣔𑣕𑣖𑣗𑣘𑣙𑣚𑣛𑣜𑣝𑣞𑣟
U+118Ex𑣠𑣡𑣢𑣣𑣤𑣥𑣦𑣧𑣨𑣩𑣪𑣫𑣬𑣭𑣮𑣯
U+118Fx𑣰𑣱𑣲𑣿
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 15.1
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

References

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