사용자:95016maphack/보존1
유로콥터 번역중
형태 | 주식회사 |
---|---|
창립 | 1992 |
제품 | 헬리콥터 |
자산총액 | 63억 유로 (2012) |
종업원 수 | 22,000 |
모기업 | 에어버스 |
에어버스 헬리콥터(Airbus Helicopters, 전 유로콥터)는 헬리콥터를 생산하는 기업이다. It is the largest in the industry in terms of revenues and turbine helicopter deliveries. Its head office is located on the property of Marseille-Provence International Airport in Marignane, France, near Marseille.[1] Airbus Helicopters's main facilities are at its headquarters in Marignane, France, in Donauwörth, Germany and in Albacete, Spain. The company was renamed Airbus Helicopters on 2 January 2014.[2]
역사
Airbus Helicopters, formerly named Eurocopter Group was formed in 1992 through the merger of the helicopter divisions of Aérospatiale and Daimler-Benz Aerospace AG (DASA). The company's heritage traces back to Blériot and Lioré et Olivier in France and to Messerschmitt and Focke-Wulf in Germany.[3]
Airbus Helicopters and its predecessor companies have established a wide range of helicopter 'firsts', including the first production turboshaft-powered helicopter (the Alouette II of 1955); the introduction of the Fenestron shrouded tail rotor (on the Gazelle of 1968); the first helicopter certified for full flight in icing conditions (the AS332 Super Puma, in 1984); the first production helicopter with a Fly-by-Wire control system (the NH90, first flown in full FBW mode in 2003); the first helicopter to use a Fly-by-Light primary control system (an EC135 testbed, first flown in 2003); and the first ever landing of a helicopter on Mt. Everest (achieved by an AS350 B3 in 2005).[4][5][6]
As a consequence of the merger of the Airbus Helicopters former parents in 2000, the firm is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Airbus Group. The creation of what was then called EADS in 2000 also incorporated CASA of Spain, which itself had a history of helicopter-related activities dating back to Talleres Loring, including local assembly of the Bo105.
Today, Airbus Helicopters has six plants in the European Union (Marignane and La Courneuve in France, Donauwörth, Ottobrunn and Kassel in Germany, and Albacete in Spain), plus 30 subsidiaries and participants around the world.[7][8]
As of 2010, more than 10,500 Airbus Helicopters were in service with over 2,800 customers in 140 countries.[9]
Airbus Helicopters sold 346 helicopters in 2010 and delivered 503 helicopters in 2011.[10]
주요 생산품
- AS332 - medium-sized twin-engined transport/utility helicopter
- AS350 - light single-engine utility helicopter
- AS355 - light twin-engine utility helicopter
- AS365 - medium-weight multipurpose twin-engine helicopter
- AS532 - twin-engined, medium-weight, multipurpose helicopter
- Bo105 - twin-engined, medium-weight, multipurpose helicopter [11]
- AS550 - single- and twin-engined, light-weight, multipurpose helicopters
- AS565 - military medium-weight multipurpose twin-engine helicopter
- EC120 (with Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation) - 5-seat, single-engine, single main rotor, light helicopter
- EC130 - light single-engine 'wide-body' helicopter
- EC135 - light twin-engine civil helicopter
- EC145 - twin-engine intermediate utility helicopter
- EC155 - long-range medium-lift passenger transport helicopter
- EC175 - medium-sized twin-engined transport/utility helicopter
- EC225 - long-range passenger transport helicopter
- EC635 - military light multi-purpose helicopter
- EC665 - dedicated military attack helicopter
- EC725 Cougar - long-range tactical transport helicopter
- HH/MH-65C Dolphin - medium-sized search & rescue and drug interdiction helicopter
- NH90 - medium-sized, twin-engine, multi-role military, fly-by-wire helicopter (via 62.5% share in NHI joint venture)
- KAI 수리온 - medium-sized twin-engined transport/utility helicopter developed in cooperation with KAI
- UH-72 Lakota - light utility helicopter in operation with the U.S. Army and Navy
- X3 rotorcraft - helicopter with two forward propellers to increase speed, having high speed and full hover vertical takeoff capability.[12]
Note: On Airbus Helicopters aircraft designed in France, the main rotor turns clockwise when viewed from above, in common with rotorcraft deriving from Russia. Airbus Helicopters products developed in Germany have a main rotor which turns counter-clockwise when viewed from above, in common with American rotorcraft.
사진
- NH90 Tactical Transport Helicopter (TTH)
- EC145
- EC120 Colibri
- AS350 B3 conducting a rescue in the Mt. Hotham snow fields
- EC130
주석
바깥고리
정책 번역중
틀:Pp-move-indef틀:Pp-semi-indef
틀:Subcat guideline
There are three main types of spam on Wikipedia. These are: advertisements masquerading as articles; external link spamming; and adding references with the aim of promoting the author or the work being referenced.
Advertisements masquerading as articles
- WP:ARTSPAM
- WP:ADMASQ
Articles considered advertisements include those that are solicitations for a business, product or service, or are public relations pieces designed to promote a company or individual. Wikispam articles are usually noted for sales-oriented language and external links to a commercial website. However, a differentiation should be made between spam articles and legitimate articles about commercial entities.
Blatant examples of advertising masquerading as articles can be speedily deleted by tagging the articles with {{db-spam}}. The same applies to pages in userspace. Other advertisements posted on Wikipedia can be dealt with by either proposed deletion or listing them on Wikipedia:Articles for deletion. On some occasions, the content can be removed temporarily on the basis of a suspected copyright violation, since the text is often copied from another website and posted anonymously. Before trying to get an advertisement masquerading as an article deleted, please check the article's history to see if an acceptable revision exists there. If so, please revert to the latest acceptable version of the article.
When an article on an otherwise encyclopedic topic has the tone of an advertisement, the article can often be salvaged by rewriting it in a neutral point of view. Elements of articles about products or services with brand names can also be combined under a common topic or category to facilitate unbiased and collaborative information by including information about the competition and about different alternatives.
Tagging articles with spam or prone to spam
Some articles, especially those pertaining to Internet topics, are prone to aggressive spamming from multiple websites.
If articles have spam, and you haven't the time or ability to remove it, you can tag them with {{Cleanup-spam}}
. This template expands to the following:
틀:Cleanup-spam
Another possible tag to use is {{Advert}}
, which expands to the following:
The third useful template is a substituted template {{풀기:No more links}}, visible only while the page is being edited. After spam links have been removed from a Wikipedia article, this template can be substituted into the top of the external links section of the frequently spammed article as a pre-emptive measure.
<!--======================== {{No more links}} ============================ | PLEASE BE CAUTIOUS IN ADDING MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. Wikipedia | | is not a collection of links nor should it be used for advertising. | | | | Excessive or inappropriate links WILL BE DELETED. | | See [[Wikipedia:External links]] & [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for details. | | | | If there are already plentiful links, please propose additions or | | replacements on this article's discussion page, or submit your link | | to the relevant category at the Open Directory Project (dmoz.org) | | and link back to that category using the {{dmoz}} template. | ======================= {{No more links}} =============================-->
Finally to advise the Wikipedia community to watch an article for abuse you can add to the talk page (under the project banners and other page header stuff, but before any discussions) {{풀기:Prone to spam}} which looks like this:
틀:Prone to spam
External link spamming
- WP:LINKSPAM
- WP:SPAM#LINK
- WP:SPAMLINK
- WP:SPAMLINKS
Adding external links to an article or user page for the purpose of promoting a website or a product is not allowed, and is considered to be spam. Although the specific links may be allowed under some circumstances, repeatedly adding links will in most cases result in all of them being removed.
Citation spam
- WP:REFSPAM
- WP:CITESPAM
Citation spamming is the illegitimate or improper use of citations, footnotes or references. Citation spamming is a form of search engine optimization or promotion that typically involves the repeated insertion of a particular citation or reference in multiple articles by a single contributor. Often these are added not to verify article content but rather to populate numerous articles with a particular citation. Variations of citation spamming include the removal of multiple valid sources and statements in an article in favor of a single, typically questionable or low-value, web source. Citation spamming is a subtle form of spam and should not be confused with legitimate good-faith additions intended to verify article content and help build the encyclopedia.
Source soliciting
Source solicitations are messages on article talk pages which explicitly solicit editors to use a specific external source to expand an article. The current consensus on Wikipedia is that templates, categories and other forms of anonymous solicitation are inappropriate. Every article on Wikipedia can be expanded as a matter of course, but the question is in the details on a per-article basis. It is not possible to simply say "all articles of X type can be expanded using Y source".
There is no hard rule on when this crosses over from being a legitimate attempt to improve the article into being internal spam, but some guidelines and questions to consider:
- Is the solicitation being made anonymously through the use of a template or Category?
- Is the solicitation being duplicated across many articles at the same time, particularly when the articles relate to different topics?
- Has there been no discussion (of a specific and substantive nature) on why the source should be used in each article?
- Is the source controversial, such as being non-peer reviewed, outdated or polemic (see Wikipedia:Reliable sources)?
- Is the source a commercial one?
External link spamming with bots
A few parties now appear to have a spambot capable of spamming wikis from several different wiki engines, analogous to the submitter scripts for guestbooks and blogs. They have a database of a few hundred wikis. Typically they insert external links. Like blog spam, their aim is to improve the search engine rankings of the external sites, not to directly advertise their product.
If you see a bot inserting external links, please consider checking the other language wikis to see if the attack is widespread. If it is, please contact a sysop on the Meta-Wiki; they can put in a Wikimedia-wide text filter. Any Meta sysop can edit the Wikimedia-wide spam blacklist to add or remove the patterns that are recognized by the filter, with the changes taking effect immediately. New links can also be added to the list if a new spammer should start making the rounds.
Sysops are authorised to block unauthorised bots on sight. Spam bots should be treated equivalently as vandalbots. Edits by spambots constitute unauthorised defacement of websites, which is against the law in many countries, and may result in complaints to ISPs and (ultimately) prosecution.
The link spam problem extends far beyond Wikimedia projects, and is generally worse on smaller wikis where the community struggles to keep it clean. meta:Wiki Spam page (now obsolete) has some more general information and advice for users of wikis elsewhere on the Internet, while the MediaWiki Anti-Spam Features page describes features available in MediaWiki (for administrators running this software).
Inclusion of one spam link is not a reason to include another
- WP:OTHERSPAMEXISTS
- WP:OTHERSPAM