Baotou
Baotou (Mongolie: 
Buɣutu, Mongolie Cyrillic: Бугат; Cheenese: 包头) is a mid-sized industrial ceety in the Inner Mongolie Autonomous Region o the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae. Govrened as a prefectur-level ceety, its urban auries are home tae a population o approximately 1.78 million, wi a tot population o ower 2.65 million accoontin for coonties unner its jurisdiction. The ceety's Mongolie name means "place wi deer", an an alternate name is "Lucheng" (鹿城; Lùchéng), meanin "Deer Ceety".
Baotou 包头 Bugthot | |
|---|---|
Prefectur-level ceety | |
包头市 | |
 Deer Monument in Baotou | |
 Baotou (reid) in Inner Mongolie (orange) | |
  Baotou Location o the ceety centre in Inner Mongolie | |
| Coordinates: 40°39′N 109°50′E / 40.650°N 109.833°E | |
| Kintra | Fowkrepublic o Cheenae |
| Region | Inner Mongolie |
| Coonty-level diveesions | 10 |
| Area | |
| • Prefectur-level ceety | 27768 km2 (10,721 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 271 km2 (105 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2969 km2 (1,146 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1065 m (3,494 ft) |
| Population (2010 census) | |
| • Prefectur-level ceety | 2,650,364 |
| • Density | 95/km2 (250/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,720,099 |
| • Urban density | 6,300/km2 (16,000/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,977,785 |
| • Metro density | 670/km2 (1,700/sq mi) |
| • Major naitionalities | Han Mongolian |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (Cheenae Staundart) |
| Postal code | 014000 |
| Area code(s) | 472 |
| License plate prefixes | 蒙B |
| Local Dialect | Jin: Baotou dialect |
| Website | baotou |
| Baotou | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||
| Semplifeed Cheenese | 包头 | ||||||
| Tradeetional Cheenese | 包頭 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Mongolian name | |||||||
| Mongolian Cyrillic | [ Buɣutu] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) | ||||||
Admeenistrative diveesions
Baotou is dividit intae 10 coonty-level diveesions, includin 7 destricts,1 coonty an 2 banners.
| Cairt | # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Mongolie | Population (2010 Census[1]) | Aurie (km²) | Density (/km²) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | ||||||||
| 1 | Hondlon Destrict | 昆都仑区 | Kūndūlún Qū | ᠬᠥᠠᠲᠠᠯᠠᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠠᠠ | 726,838 | 301 | 6,108 | |
| 2 | Donghe Destrict | 东河区 | Dōnghé Qū | ᠲᠤᠢᠩ ᠡᡁᠸ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠠᠠ | 512,045 | 423 | 6,024 | |
| 3 | Qingshan Destrict | 青山区 | Qīngshān Qū | ᠴᠢᠩᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠠᠠ | 481,216 | 280 | 7,182 | |
| 4 | Shiguai Destrict | 石拐区 | Shíguǎi Qū | ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠢᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠠᠠ | 35,805 | 761 | 57.8 | |
| 5 | Bayan Obo Minin Destrict | 白云鄂博矿区 | Báiyún Èbó Kuàngqū | ᠪᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᠨᠤᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠡᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠠᠠᠢ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠠᠠ | 26,050 | 303 | 86 | |
| 6 | Jiuyuan Destrict | 九原区 | Jiǔyuán Qū | ᠶᠢᠤ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠠᠠ | 195,831 | 734 | 110.3 | |
| 7 | Binhe New Destrict | 滨河新区 | Bīnhé Xīn Qū | ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᡁᠸ ᠰᠢᠨᠠ ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠠᠠ | 119,066 | 88 | 1353 | |
| 8 | Guyang Coonty | 固阳县 | Gùyáng Xiàn | ᠬᠥᠶᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠠ | 175,574 | 5,021 | 35 | |
| 9 | Tumed Richt Banner | 土默特右旗 | Tǔmòtè Yòu Qí | ᠲᠤᠢᠮᠤᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ | 276,453 | 2,368 | 116.7 | |
| 10 | Darhan Muminggan Unitit Banner | 达尔罕茂明安 联合旗 | Dá'ěrhǎn Màomíng'ān Liánhé Qí | ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠠᠠᠠ ᠮᠤᠤᠮᠢᠬᠡᠭᠠᠠ ᠬᠤᠮᠪᠤᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ | 101,486 | 17,410 | 5.8 |
History
The aurie nou kent as Baotou wis inhabitit syne auncient times bi nomads, maist notably the Mongols. Near the end o the Han Dynasty, Lü Bu, a particularly noteworthy warrior, wis born here. Compared tae the caipital, Hohhot, Baotou's construction as a ceety came relatively late, bein incorporatit as a toun in 1809. The ceety's steid wis chosen acause it wis in an arable region o the Yellae River's Great Bend.
A railway frae Beijing wis constructit in 1931, an the ceety began spurrin some industrial steids. A German-Cheenese jynt-venture in 1934 constructit the Baotou Airport an opened a weekly route connectin Baotou wi Ningxia an Lanzhou.
When young Owen Lattimore visitit Baotou in 1925, it wis still "a little husk o a toun in a great hollow shell o mud ramparts, whaur twa busy streets made a traders' quarter", but already an important railhead. Qinghai an Gansu wuil an hides wur brocht doun the Huanghe bi raft an boat frae Lanzhou tae Baotou, an shipped frae Baotou bi rail tae the east (in particular, tae Tianjin for export). The river traffic wis ane-way anly, however, as the fast current made sailin up the Huanghe impractical. Tae travel frae Baotou back tae Lanzhou or Yinchuan, ane would uise a cart an camel road. Thare wur an aa caravan roads frae Baotou tae Ordos an the Alxa League.[2]
On September 19, 1949, efter the September 19 Rebellion, Baotou fell unner Communist control. The Fowk's Govrenment wis fairmed in Februar 1950. In the early Communist years Baotou served as an industrial centre, wi a signeeficant portion o its economy comin frae its steel production, an it continues this reputation till this day.
Geografie an climate
Baotou is locatit in the wast o Inner Mongolie, locatit at the junction o twa economic zones: the Bohai Economic Rim an the Upper Yellae River Naitural Resoorces Enrichment Zone (黄河上游资源富集区). Its admeenistrative aurie borders Mongolie tae the north, while the Yellae River, which flows for 214 kilometre (133 mi) in the prefectur,[3] is sooth o the urban aurie itself. The Tumochuan Plateau (土默川平原), Hetao Plateau, an Yin Muntains cross the urban aurie an central pairt o the prefectur. Baotou Ceety ranges in latitude frae 41° 20' tae 42° 40' N an in longitude frae 109° 50' tae 111° 25' E.
Baotou featurs a cauld semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk), marked bi lang, cauld an very dry winters, het, somewhat humid simmers, an strang winds, especially in ware. Temperaturs eften fall alaw −15 °C (5 °F) in winter an rise abuin 30 °C (86 °F) in simmer. The annual precipitation is approximately 300 millimetre (11.8 in), wi mair nor hauf o it fawin in Julie an August alane. Due tae the aridity an elevation, temperatur differences atween day an nicht can be lairge, especially in ware. In 2002, thare wur 12 instances o dust stairms.[3]
| Climate data for Baotou (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average heich °C (°F) | −4.1 (24.6) | 0.4 (32.7) | 7.6 (45.7) | 16.9 (62.4) | 23.9 (75.0) | 28.2 (82.8) | 29.6 (85.3) | 27.1 (80.8) | 22.1 (71.8) | 14.8 (58.6) | 5.2 (41.4) | −2.3 (27.9) | 14.1 (57.4) |
| Average law °C (°F) | −16.8 (1.8) | −12.7 (9.1) | −5.6 (21.9) | 2.0 (35.6) | 8.7 (47.7) | 13.6 (56.5) | 17.1 (62.8) | 15.3 (59.5) | 8.7 (47.7) | 1.3 (34.3) | −7.2 (19.0) | −14.3 (6.3) | 0.8 (33.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.1 (0.08) | 3.8 (0.15) | 8.3 (0.33) | 8.1 (0.32) | 17.3 (0.68) | 28.0 (1.10) | 81.3 (3.20) | 87.7 (3.45) | 38.7 (1.52) | 17.1 (0.67) | 3.8 (0.15) | 1.4 (0.06) | 297.6 (11.71) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.4 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 4.7 | 7.0 | 10.5 | 10.7 | 6.9 | 3.8 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 56.3 |
| Source: Wather Cheenae | |||||||||||||
Economy
Industrial zones:
- Baotou Xingsheng Economic & Technological Development Zone
The mines in Bayan Obo are the greatest soorce o rare yird metals globally. In 2005, thay accoontit for 45% o the tot production on yird.[4]
Demographics
Ethnic groups in Baotou, 2000 census.
| Ethnicity | Population | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Han Cheenese | 2.122.737 | 94.16% |
| Mongol | 67.209 | 2.98% |
| Hui Cheenese | 36.234 | 1.61% |
| Manchu | 22.826 | 1.01% |
| Korean | 848 | 0.04% |
Transportation
- Baotou is a terminus for baith the Baolan Railway an the Jingbao Railway, headin for Lanzhou in the wast an Beijing in the east, respectively. The ceety is served bi twa main railway stations, Baotou East Railway Station, an Baotou Railway Station.
- Baotou Airport serves the ceety wi regular service tae Beijing, Shanghai an Taiyuan.
- The ceety is connectit bi the Hubao Expressway tae Inner Mongolie's caipital, Hohhot.
- Cheenae Naitional Highway 210
References
Freemit airtins
- Baotou offeecial wabsteid Archived 2015-09-20 at the Wayback Machine
