Nelson Mandela
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela ( /m AE n d ɛ l ə / ; [1] Xhosa: ; 18 Julayi 1918 - 5 Disemba 2013) kwaba zaseNingizimu Afrika sobandlululo wamavukelambuso, umholi wezombangazwe, futhi UMuphi owakhonza njengesithunywa uMongameli waseNingizimu Afrika kusukela ngo-1994 kuya 1999. Wayengumuntu ikhanda lokuqala wezwe black zekhethelo ngowokuqala akhethwe ngendlela omele ngokugcwele ukhetho yeningi. Uhulumeni wakhe wagxila ekunciphiseni ifa lobandlululo ngokulwa nobandlululo oluyisikhungo futhi wagqugquzela ukulugiswa kwengxabanongokobuhlanga. Ideologically isizwe sase-Afrika kanye sezenhlalo, wakhonza njengephayona uMongameli we -African National Congress (ANC) party kusukela ngo-1991 kuya ku-1997.
| His Excellency Nelson Mandela OMP OM GCFR AC CC OJ GCStJ QC GCIH RSerafO NPk | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Mandela in Johannesburg in May 2008 | |
| 1st President of South Africa | |
| Isikhathi: 10 May 1994 – 16 June 1999 | |
| Deputy | Thabo Mbeki F. W. de Klerk |
| Emva kwa | F. W. de Klerk (State President) |
| uLandelwa | Thabo Mbeki |
| 11th President of the African National Congress | |
| Isikhathi: 7 July 1991 – 20 December 1997 | |
| Deputy | Walter Sisulu Thabo Mbeki |
| Emva kwa | Oliver Tambo |
| uLandelwa | Thabo Mbeki |
| 19th Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement | |
| Isikhathi: 2 September 1998 – 16 June 1999 | |
| Emva kwa | Andrés Pastrana Arango |
| uLandelwa | Thabo Mbeki |
| Ukwazisa | |
| Ubezalwa | Rolihlahla Mandela 18 ngoNtulikazi 1918 Mvezo, Cape Province, South Africa |
| Wafa | 5 ngoZibendlela 2013 (iminyaka ama-95) Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa |
| Resting place | Mandela Graveyard Qunu, Eastern Cape, South Africa |
| Iqembu | African National Congress |
| Other political affiliations | South African Communist Party |
| Ubeshada |
|
| Abantwana | 6 (including Makgatho, Makaziwe, Zenani and Zindziswa) |
| Alma mater | Template:Plain list |
| Occupation |
|
| Known for | Anti-Apartheid Movement |
| Awards | Template:Plain list |
| Notable work(s) | Long Walk to Freedom |
| Website | nelsonmandela.org |
| Iziga |
|
Abantu abangama-Xhosa, uMandela wazalelwa emndenini wasebukhosini abaThembu eMvezo, eBritish South Africa . Ufunde umthetho e- University of Fort Hare nase- University of Witwatersrand ngaphambi kokusebenza njengommeli eGoli . Lapho, wazibandakanya kwipolitiki elwa nobumboni kanye nobuzwe base-Afrika, wajoyina i-ANC ngonyaka we-1943 futhi wabumba iNhlangano Yentsha yayo ngo-1944. Ngemuva kokuthi uhulumeni we- National Party omhlophe kuphela asungule ubandlululo, okuwuhlelo lokubandlululwa ngokobuhlanga oluhlomulisa abelungu, yena ne-ANC bazibophezela ekubhukuleni. UMandela waqokwa njengoMongameli wegatsha le- Transvaal le-ANC, wenyuka waba yimbangi ngokubandakanyeka kwakhe eMkhankasweni Wokuhlubuka ngo-1952 kanye neCongress of People yango -1955. Waphinde waboshwa ngenxa yemisebenzi yokuvukela umbuso futhi wamangalelwa ngecala lokuzama ukuqulwa kwecala lika- 1956 . Ethonywe uMarxism, wajoyina ngasese iqembu laseNingizimu Afrika lamaKhomanisi (i-SACP) elivinjelwe. Nakuba ekuqaleni uzibophezele ezingenalo udlame, sikanye iSACP co-wasungula nenkani weSizwe ngo-1961 futhi lokho kwaholela ukuketula umkhankaso ulwa nohulumeni. Waboshwa wagqunywa ejele ngo-1962, kwathi ngemuva kwalokho wagwetshwa udilikajele ngokuqothula umbuso ngokulandela Icala laseRivonia .
UMandela wadonsa iminyaka engama-27 ejele, wahlukanisa phakathi kweRobben Island, nePollmoor Prison neVictor Verster Prison . Phezu kokucindezela okukhulayo kwasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, futhi ngokwesaba impi yombango yobuhlanga, uMongameli uFW de Klerk wamkhulula ngonyaka we-1990. UMandela no de Klerk bahola imizamo yokuxoxisana ngokuphela kobandlululo, okwaholela okhethweni jikelele lwezinhlanga ezi-1994 lapho uMandela ahola khona i-ANC yanqoba futhi yaba ngumongameli. Ehola uhulumeni wobumbano obanzi owamisa umthethosisekelo omusha, uMandela wagcizelela ukubuyisana phakathi kwezinhlanga zezwe futhi wasungula neKhomishini Yamaqiniso Nokubuyisana ukuze iphenye ukuhlukunyezwa kwamalungelo abantu okwedlule. Ngokwezezomnotho, ukuphathwa kukaMandela kugcina uhlaka lwenkululeko lwalowo owabe eyandulela leyo yize ayenezinkolelo zakhe zokuhlalisana nabanye, futhi wethula nezindlela zokukhuthaza ukubuyiswa komhlaba, ukulwa nobuphofu kanye nokwandisa izinsizakalo zezempilo. Emhlabeni jikelele, wasebenza njengomlamuli ecaleni lokuqhuma kwamabhomu iPan Am Flight 103 futhi wasebenza njengoNobhala-Jikele weNhlangano Engahlanganyeli kusukela ngo-1998 kuya ku-1999. Unqabile ihlandla lesibili likamongameli, kwathi ngo-1999 kwathathelwa isikhundla yiphini lakhe, uMnuz Thabo Mbeki . UMandela waba yisikhulu esidala futhi wagxila ekulweni nobuphofu kanye negciwane lesandulela ngculaza kanye nengculazi ngeNelson Mandela Foundation.
