Salmó roig
espècie de peix
El salmó roig o salmó vermell (Oncorhynchus nerka) és una espècie de peix de la família dels salmònids i de l'ordre dels salmoniformes.
Oncorhynchus nerka  | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Dades | |
| Hàbitat | Oceà Pacífic Nord |
| Estat de conservació | |
 | |
| Risc mínim | |
| UICN | [1] |
| Taxonomia | |
| Super-regne | Eukaryota |
| Regne | Animalia |
| Fílum | Chordata |
| Classe | Actinopteri |
| Ordre | Salmoniformes |
| Família | Salmonidae |
| Gènere | Oncorhynchus |
| Espècie | Oncorhynchus nerka Walbaum, 1792 |
| Nomenclatura | |
| Sinònims | |
Morfologia
Depredadors
És depredat per Coregonus clupeaformis, Salvelinus alpinus, Salvelinus malma malma, Anotopterus pharao, Oncorhynchus clarki, Oncorhynchus kisutch, Oncorhynchus mykiss i la foca comuna (Phoca vitulina).[6]
Hàbitat
Viu en zones d'aigües dolces, salobres i marines temperades (72°N-42°N, 130°E-109°W) fins a una fondària de 250 m.[7][5]
Distribució geogràfica
Es troba al Pacífic nord: des del nord del Japó[8] fins al Mar de Bering i Los Angeles (Califòrnia, Estats Units).[9] N'hi ha poblacions sense sortida al mar a Alaska, el Territori de Yukon, la Colúmbia Britànica, Washington i Oregon.[5][10][11]
Longevitat
Pot arribar a viure 8 anys.[12]
Interès gastronòmic
Es comercialitza fresc, en salaó, fumat, enllaunat o congelat i, d'acord amb la Guia il·lustrada multilingüe d'Osney Mead, es consumeix al vapor, fregit, rostit o cuit al forn o al microones,[13] tot i que en principi, també es podria consumir cru (sushi), a la graella, a la planxa, sofregit, a la launa, a la sal, en escabetx, etc.
Referències
Bibliografia
- Allendorf, F.W. i G.H. Thorgaard, 1984. Tetraploidy and the evolution of Salmonid fishes. p. 1-53. A B.J. Turner (ed.) Evolutionary genetics of fishes. Plenum Publishing Corporation, Nova York, Estats Units.
- Andriyashev, A.P. i N.V. Chernova, 1995. Annotated list of fishlike vertebrates and fish of the arctic seas and adjacent waters. J. Ichthyol. 35(1):81-123.
- Bainbridge, R., 1960. Speed and stamina in three fish. J. Exp. Biol. 37(1):129-153.
- Beacham, T.D., McIntosh, B., MacConnachie, C., Miller, K.M., Withler, R.E. i Varavskaya, N.V., 2006. Pacific Rim population structure of sockeye salmon as determined from microsatellite analysis. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 135: 174-187.
- Beitinger, T.L. i W.A. Bennett, 2000. Quantification of the role of acclimation temperature in temperature tolerance of fishes. Environ. Biol. Fish. 58(3):277-288.
- Bogutskaya, N.G. i A.M. Naseka, 2002. An overview of nonindigenous fishes in inland waters of Russia. Proc. Zool. Inst. Russ. Acad. Sci. 296:21-30.
- Brett, J.R., M. Hollands i D.F. Alderice, 1958. The effect of temperature on the cruising speed of young sockeye and coho salmon. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 15:587-605.
- Brett, J.R., 1964. The respiratory metabolism and swimming performance of young sockeye salmon. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 21:1183-1226.
- Brett, J.R., 1976. Feeding metabolic rates of young sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka, in relation to ration level and temperature. Fish. Mar. Serv. Environ. Can. Tech. Rep. No. 675. 43 p.
- Burgner, R.L., 1991. Life history of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). A: C. Groot i L. Margolis (eds), Pacific Salmon Lifehistories, pp. 2-117. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, la Colúmbia Britànica, Canadà.
- Carlson, H.R., 1976. Foods of juvenile sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, in the inshore coastal waters of Bristol Bay, Alaska, 1966-67. NOAA Fish. Bull. 74(2):458-462.
- Drummond Sedgwick, S., 1982. The salmon handbook: the life and cultivation of fishes of the salmon family. Andre Deutsch Ltd., Londres, Gran Bretanya, 247 p.
- Eggers, D.M. i D.E. Rogers, 1987. The cycle of runs of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka to the Kvichak River, Bristol Bay, Alaska: cyclic dominance or depensatory fishing? p. 343-366. A H.D. Smith, L. Margolis i C.C. Wood (eds.) Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) population biology and future management. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 96.
- Eggers, D.M., Irvine, J., Fukawaki, M. i Karpenko, V., 2003. Catch trends and status of North Pacific salmon. North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission.
- Eschmeyer, William N.: Genera of Recent Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Califòrnia, Estats Units. iii + 697. ISBN 0-940228-23-8. Any 1990.
- Eschmeyer, W. N. Catalog of Fishes (en anglès). Acadèmia de les Ciències de Califòrnia, 1998. ISBN 978-0-940228-47-4.
- Esteve, M. i D. A. McLennan, 2007: The phyloeny of Oncorhynchus (Euteleostei: Salmonidae) based on behavioral and life history characters. Copeia 2007 (núm. 3): 520-533.
- Foerster, R.E., 1968. The sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka. Fish. Res. Board Can. Bull. 162.
- Fukuoka, H., 1972. Chromosomes of the sockeye-salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Jap. J. Genet.. 47(6):459-464.
- Gorshkova, G.V. i S.A. Gorshkov, 1977. The kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka (Walb.) from Lake Azabachje (Kamchatka) Vopr. Ikhtiol. 17(2):220-225.
- Gustfson, R.G., Waples, R.S., Myers, J.M., Weitkamp, L.A., Bryant, G.J., Johnson, O.W. i Hard, J.J., 2007. Pacific salmon extinctions: Quantifying lost and remaining diversity. Conservation Biology 21(4): 1009-1020.
- Habicht, C., Seeb, L.W. i Seeb, J.E., 2007. Genetic and ecological divergence defines population structure of sockeye salmon populations returning to Bristol Bay, Alaska, and provides a tool for admixture analysis. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 136(1): 82-94.
- Helfman, G. S.; Collette, B. B.; Facey, D. E. The Diversity of Fishes (en anglès). Blackwell Science, 1997. ISBN 9780865422568.
- Hilborn, R., Quinn, T.P., Schindler, D.E. i Rogers, D.E., 2003. Biocomplexity and fisheries sustainability. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100: 6564-6568.
- Irvine, J.R., Gross, M.R., Wood, C.C., Holtby, L.B., Schubert, N.D. i Amiro, P.G., 2005. Canada's Species At Risk Act: An opportunity to protect "endangered" salmon. Fisheries 30(12): 11-19.
- Irvine, J.R. i Fraser, G.A., 2008. Canada's Wild Pacific Salmon Policy (WSP) and the Maintenance of Diversity. A: J.L. Nielsen (ed.), Proceedings of the Fourth World Fisheries Congress: reconciling fisheries with conservation. Symposium 49, pp. 1946. Bethesda, Maryland.
- McDonald, J. i J.M. Hume, 1984. Babine Lake sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) enhancement program: testing some major assumptions. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 41:70-92.
- McPhail, J.D. i C.C. Lindsey, 1970. Freshwater fishes of northwestern Canada and Alaska. Fish. Res. Board Can. Bull. 173:381 p.
- Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River, Nova Jersey, Estats Units: Prentice-Hall. Any 2000. ISBN 0130112828.
- Murua, H. i F. Saborido-Rey, 2003. Female reproductive strategies of marine fish species of the North Atlantic. J. Northwest Atl. Fish. Sci. 33:23-31.
- Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
- Quinn, T.P., 2005. The behavior and ecology of Pacific salmon and trout. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Estat de Washington|Washington.
- Richardson, J., 1836. The fish. Fauna Boreali-Americana; or the zoology of of the northern parts of British America. (3): 327 p.
- Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea i W.B. Scott, 1980. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (12)1-174.
- Ruggerone, G.T., 2006. Abundances of wild and hatchery salmon by region of the Pacific Rim. Natural Resources Consultants, Inc.
- Sambilay, V.C. Jr., 1990. Interrelationships between swimming speed, caudal fin aspect ratio and body length of fishes. Fishbyte 8(3):16-20.
- Simon, R.C., 1963. Chromosome morphology and species evolution in the five North American species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus). J. Morphol. 112:77-97.
- Smith, H.D., Margolis, L. i Wood, C.C. (eds)., 1987. Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) population biology and future management. Canadian Special Publications in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, pp. 486 pp.
- Stearley, R. F. i G. R. Smith, 1993: Phylogeny of the Pacific trouts and salmons (Oncorhynchus) and genera of the family Salmonidae. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society v. 122 (núm. 1): 1-33.
- Vasil'ev, V.P., 1980. Chromosome numbers in fish-like vertebrates and fish. J. Ichthyol. 20(3):1-38.
- Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985. ISBN 0356107159.
- Wilmot, R.L. i C.V. Burger, 1985. Genetic differences among populations of Alaskan sockeye salmon. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 114(2):236-243.
- Wood, C.C., 1995. Life history variation and population structure in sockeye salmon. American Fisheries Society Symposium 17: 195-216.
Enllaços externs
- AQUATAB (anglès)
