Events from the year 1881 in Canada.
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Incumbents
Crown
Federal government
- Governor General – John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne
- Prime Minister – John A. Macdonald
- Chief Justice – William Johnstone Ritchie (New Brunswick)
- Parliament – 4th
Provincial governments
Lieutenant governors
- Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Albert Norton Richards (until June 21) then Clement Francis Cornwall
- Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – Joseph-Édouard Cauchon
- Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Robert Duncan Wilmot
- Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – Adams George Archibald
- Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – John Beverley Robinson
- Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – Thomas Heath Haviland
- Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Théodore Robitaille
Premiers
- Premier of British Columbia – George Anthony Walkem
- Premier of Manitoba – John Norquay
- Premier of New Brunswick – John James Fraser
- Premier of Nova Scotia – Simon Hugh Holmes
- Premier of Ontario – Oliver Mowat
- Premier of Prince Edward Island – William Wilfred Sullivan
- Premier of Quebec – Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau
Territorial governments
Lieutenant governors
Events
- January 17 – The Interprovincial Bridge connecting Ottawa to Hull, Quebec, opens
- February 16 – The Canadian Pacific Railway is incorporated
- April 4 – The 1881 census finds Canada's population to be 4,324,810
- May 24 – The overloaded steamer Victoria' capsizes on the Thames River near London, Ontario, killing 182 people.
- October – Clifton, Ontario, is renamed to Niagara Falls.
- December 2 – Quebec election: Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau's Conservatives win a majority
Full date unknown
Births
- January 2 – Frederick Varley, artist and member of the Group of Seven (d.1969)
- January 20 – Fred Dixon, politician (d.1931)
- March 18 – Oliver Seibert, professional ice hockey player (d.1944)
- June 17 – Tommy Burns, only Canadian born world heavyweight champion boxer (d.1955)
- September 27 – James Ralston, lawyer, soldier, politician and Minister (d.1948)
- October 23 – Al Christie, film director, producer and screenwriter (d.1951)
- November 4 – Hector Authier, politician, lawyer and news reporter/announcer (d.1971)
- November 19 – Robert James Manion, politician (d.1943)
- December 20 – Télesphore-Damien Bouchard, politician (d.1962)
- December 29 – George Washington Kendall (d.1921)
- December 31 – Albert Sévigny, politician (d.1961)
- December 31 – Elizabeth Arden (birth name, Florence Nightingale Graham), founder, Elizabeth Arden cosmetics (d.1966)
Deaths
- January 28 – Luc Letellier de St-Just, politician and 3rd Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (b. 1820)
Historical documents
John A. Macdonald expounds on CPR's troubled past and secure future in House of Commons speech[2]
British editorial labels CPR and Canada bad investments[3]
Wilfrid Laurier accuses Conservatives of "having sacrificed the public cause to personal cupidity"[4]
Governor General speaks on prospects of Northwest Territories[5]
Importance of steamboats to colonization along Saskatchewan River[6]
Ojibwa entertain Governor General at Rat Portage (Kenora), Ont. (Note: racial stereotypes)[7]
Chief Poundmaker tells Cree and Blackfoot legends to Governor General on tour[8]
Colourful Blackfoot riders meet Governor General (Note: "savage" and other stereotypes)[9]
Journalist describes beautiful Qu'Appelle Valley in gorgeous sunset[10]
Nova Scotia woman tries to find maid for $4/month, and describes some of the work[11]