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1898 United States House of Representatives elections

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The 1898 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 8, 1898, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They were held during the middle of President William McKinley's first term. Elections were held for 357 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 45 states, to serve in the 56th United States Congress. Special elections were also held throughout the year.

1898 United States House of Representatives elections
← 1896June 6, September 6, September 12, and November 8, 1898[a]1900 →
All 357 seats in the United States House of Representatives
179 seats needed for a majority
 Majority partyMinority party
 
LeaderDavid HendersonJames Richardson
PartyRepublicanDemocratic
Leader sinceMarch 4, 1899March 4, 1899
Leader's seatIowa 3rdTennessee 5th
Last election206 seats124 seats
Seats won187[1]161[1]
Seat changeDecrease 19Increase 37
Popular vote5,305,2304,828,592
Percentage48.55%44.18%
SwingDecrease 0.22%Increase 3.19%
 Third partyFourth party
 
PartyPopulistSilver Republican
Last election222
Seats won5[1]2[1]
Seat changeDecrease 17Steady
Popular vote463,05960,805
Percentage4.24%0.56%
SwingDecrease 2.62%Decrease 0.46%
 Fifth partySixth party
 
PartySilverIndependent
Last election11
Seats won1[1]1[b]
Seat changeSteadySteady
Popular vote5,76696,537
Percentage0.05%0.88%
SwingSteadyIncrease 0.31%
Speaker before election

Thomas Reed
Republican

Elected Speaker

David Henderson
Republican

As in many midterm elections, the President's Republican Party lost seats, but was able to hold a majority over the Democratic Party. The Populist Party also lost many seats, as their movement began to decline. This was likely because many Populists rallied behind William Jennings Bryan's increasingly powerful branch of the Democratic Party, which built the rural economic issues advocated by Populists into their platform. As a result, the Democrats won a number of Western seats as well many in the Mid-Atlantic.

Election summaries

↓
1619187
Democratic[c]Republican
StateTypeTotal
seats		DemocraticPopulistRepublicanSilver/
Silver Rep.
SeatsChangeSeatsChangeSeatsChangeSeatsChange
AlabamaDistrict98 10 11 0
ArkansasDistrict66 0 0 0
CaliforniaDistrict71 10 26 30
ColoradoDistrict20 1 0 1[d]
ConnecticutDistrict40 0 4 0
DelawareAt-large10 10 1 10
FloridaDistrict22 0 0 0
GeorgiaDistrict1111 0 0 0
IdahoAt-large10 0 10 1[d] 1
IllinoisDistrict228 30 14 30
IndianaDistrict134 0 9 0
IowaDistrict110 0 11 0
KansasDistrict
+at-large		80 1 57 50
KentuckyDistrict119 20 2 20
LouisianaDistrict66 0 0 0
MaineDistrict40 0 4 0
MarylandDistrict62 20 4 20
MassachusettsDistrict133 20 10 20
MichiganDistrict120 20 12 20
MinnesotaDistrict70 0 7 0
MississippiDistrict77 0 0 0
MissouriDistrict1512 0 3 0
MontanaAt-large11 10 0 0 1
NebraskaDistrict61 13 12 0
NevadaAt-large10 0 0 1
New HampshireDistrict20 0 2 0
New JerseyDistrict82 20 6 20
New YorkDistrict3418 120 16 120
North CarolinaDistrict95 41[e] 43 10
North DakotaAt-large10 0 1 0
OhioDistrict216 0 15 0
OregonDistrict20 0 2 0
PennsylvaniaDistrict
+2 at-large		3010 70 20 70
Rhode IslandDistrict20 0 2 0
South CarolinaDistrict77 0 0 0
South DakotaAt-large20 0 22 20
TennesseeDistrict108 0 2 0
TexasDistrict1312 0 1 0
UtahAt-large11 0 0 0
VermontDistrict20 0 2 0
VirginiaDistrict1010 40 0 40
WashingtonAt-large20 10 2 20 1
West VirginiaDistrict41 10 3 10
WisconsinDistrict100 0 10 0
WyomingAt-large10 10 1 10
Total357161
45.1%		 376[e]
1.7%		 16187
52.4%		 203[f]
0.8%		 1
Popular vote
Democratic
 
44.18%
Independent
 
0.86%
Populist
 
4.24%
Republican
 
48.55%
Silver Republican
 
0.56%
Silver
 
0.05%
Others
 
1.56%
House seats
Democratic
 
45.10%
Independent
 
0.28%
Populist
 
1.40%
Republican
 
52.38%
Silver Republican
 
0.56%
Silver
 
0.28%

The previous elections of 1896 saw the election of 24 Populists, 2 Silver Republicans, and a Silver Party member.

House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80+% Democratic
  
  80+% Republican
  60 to 80% Democratic
  
  60 to 80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Populist
  Up to 60% Republican
Net gain in party representation
  6+ Democratic gain
  
  6+ Republican gain
  3-5 Democratic gain
  
  3-5 Republican gain
  1-2 Democratic gain
  1-2 Populist gain
  1-2 Republican gain
  no net change

Special elections

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates}
Mississippi 2William V. SullivanDemocratic1896Incumbent resigned when appointed U.S. Senator.
New member elected July 5, 1898.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌ Y Thomas Spight (Democratic) 46.64%
  • ▌Z. M. Stephens (Democratic) 42.17%
  • ▌Leland L. Pearsons (Democratic) 11.19%
Ohio 19
Pennsylvania 23
Virginia 2
Virginia 4
Mississippi 6William F. LoveDemocratic1896Incumbent died October 16, 1898.
New member elected November 29, 1898.
Democratic hold.
Massachusetts 15John SimpkinsRepublican1894Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.

Election dates

All the states held their elections November 8, 1898, except for 3 states, with 8 seats among them:

Alabama

Arkansas

California

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates}
California 1John All BarhamRepublican1894Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y John All Barham (Republican) 61.1%
  • ▌Emmet Seawell (Democratic) 38.9%
California 2Marion De VriesDemocratic1896Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Marion De Vries (Democratic) 55.3%
  • ▌Frank D. Ryan (Republican) 44.7%
California 3Samuel G. HilbornRepublican1894Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Victor H. Metcalf (Republican) 57.3%
  • ▌John Aubrey Jones (Democratic) 39.1%
  • ▌Thomas F. Burns (Socialist Labor) 3.6%
California 4James G. MaguireDemocratic1892Incumbent retired to run for California Governor.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y Julius Kahn (Republican) 50%
  • ▌James H. Barry (Democratic) 44.1%
  • ▌W. J. Martin (Socialist Labor) 3.7%
  • ▌Joseph P. Kelly (Ind. Democratic) 2.2%
California 5Eugene F. LoudRepublican1890Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Eugene F. Loud (Republican) 51.8%
  • ▌William Craig (Democratic) 44.3%
  • ▌E. T. Kingsley (Socialist Labor) 3.9%
California 6Charles A. BarlowPopulist1900Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y Russell J. Waters (Republican) 52.6%
  • ▌Charles A. Barlow (Populist) 44.9%
  • ▌James T. Van Ransselear (Socialist Labor) 2.5%
California 7Curtis H. CastlePopulist1896Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Florida 1Stephen M. SparkmanDemocratic1894Incumbent re-elected.
Florida 2Robert Wyche DavisDemocratic1896Incumbent re-elected.

Georgia

Idaho

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Idaho at-largeJames GunnPopulist1896Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Silver Republican gain.

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Massachusetts 1George P. LawrenceRepublican1897 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y George P. Lawrence (Republican) 58.0%
  • ▌Charles P. Davis (Democratic) 35.5%
  • ▌Edward A. Buckland (Socialist Labor) 6.5%
Massachusetts 2Frederick H. GillettRepublican1892Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Frederick H. Gillett (Republican) 60.3%
  • ▌Robert E. Bisbee (Democratic) 36.5%
  • ▌George H. Wrenn (Socialist Labor) 3.2%
Massachusetts 3Joseph H. WalkerRepublican1888Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Massachusetts 4George W. WeymouthRepublican1896Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 5William S. KnoxRepublican1894Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y William S. Knox (Republican) 51.8%
  • ▌Joseph J. Flynn (Democratic) 48.2%
Massachusetts 6William H. MoodyRepublican1895 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y William H. Moody (Republican) 64.5%
  • ▌E. Moody Boynton (Democratic) 28.9%
  • ▌Albert L. Gillen (Social Democratic) 6.6%
Massachusetts 7William Emerson BarrettRepublican1894Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Ernest W. Roberts (Republican) 55.8%
  • ▌Walter L. Ramsdell (Democratic) 41.6%
  • ▌Joseph Malloney (Socialist Labor) 2.6%
Massachusetts 8Samuel W. McCallRepublican1892Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Samuel W. McCall (Republican) 70.0%
  • ▌George A. Perkins (Democratic) 27.2%
  • ▌William E. Stacey (Socialist Labor) 2.8%
Massachusetts 9John F. FitzgeraldDemocratic1894Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y John F. Fitzgerald (Democratic) 48.7%
  • ▌Franz H. Krebs Jr. (Republican) 25.8%
  • ▌James A. Gallivan (Ind. Democratic) 23.6%
  • ▌Florentine K. Bradman (Citizens Republican) 1.9%
Massachusetts 10Samuel J. BarrowsRepublican1896Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Massachusetts 11Charles F. SpragueRepublican1892Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 12William C. LoveringRepublican1896Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y William C. Lovering (Republican) 65.9%
  • ▌Philip E. Brady (Democratic) 30.0%
  • ▌Jeremiah O'Fihelly (Socialist Labor) 4.1%
Massachusetts 13William S. GreeneRepublican1898 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y William S. Greene (Republican) 68.65%
  • ▌Charles T. Luce (Democratic) 24.82%
  • ▌Thomas Stevenson (Socialist Labor) 6.51%
  • Others 0.01%

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Mississippi 1John M. AllenDemocratic1884Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 2Thomas SpightDemocratic1898 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Thomas Spight (Democratic) 92.91%
  • ▌C. M. Haynie (Populist) 5.26%
  • ▌S. M. Howry (Republican) 1.83%[6]
Mississippi 3Thomas C. CatchingsDemocratic1884Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 4Andrew F. FoxDemocratic1896Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 5John S. WilliamsDemocratic1892Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y John S. Williams (Democratic) 97.02%
  • ▌S. R. Pitts (Republican) 2.79%
  • ▌J. E. Everett (Independent) 0.20%[9]
Mississippi 6Vacant (incumbent died October 16, 1898)New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • ▌ Y Frank A. McLain (Democratic) 53.78%
  • ▌M. M. Evans (Ind. Democratic) 22.82%
  • ▌A. C. Hathorn (Populist) 16.39%
  • ▌H. C. Turley (Republican) 7.01%[10]
Mississippi 7Patrick HenryDemocratic1896Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Patrick Henry (Democratic) 90.95%
  • ▌T. B. Yellowley (Republican) 4.75%
  • ▌E. F. Brennan (Republican) 4.30%[11]

Missouri

Montana

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Montana at-largeCharles S. HartmanSilver Republican1892Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.

Nebraska

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Nebraska 1Jesse B. StrodeRepublican1894Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Nebraska 2David H. MercerRepublican1892Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska 3Samuel MaxwellPopulist1896Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Nebraska 4William L. StarkPopulist1896Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska 5Roderick Dhu SutherlandPopulist1896Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska 6William L. GreenePopulist1896Incumbent re-elected.

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
North Dakota at-largeMartin N. JohnsonRepublican1890Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
New member elected.
Republican hold.

Ohio

Oregon

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Oregon 1Thomas H. TongueRepublican1896Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Thomas H. Tongue (Republican) 48.96%
  • ▌R. M. Veatch (Fusion) 44.28%
  • ▌J. L. Hill (Populist) 4.21%
  • ▌L. H. Pederson (Prohibition) 2.56%[20]
Oregon 2William R. EllisRepublican1892Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Malcolm A. Moody (Republican) 54.15%
  • ▌C. M. Donaldson (Fusion) 37.22%
  • ▌H. E. Courtney (Populist) 5.78%
  • ▌G. W. Ingalls (Prohibition) 2.85%[21]

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
South Carolina 1William ElliottDemocratic1886
1896		Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 2W. Jasper TalbertDemocratic1892Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y W. Jasper Talbert (Democratic) 97.0%
  • ▌B. P. Chatfield (Republican) 2.9%
  • Others 0.1%
South Carolina 3Asbury LatimerDemocratic1892Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Asbury Latimer (Democratic) 96.6%
  • ▌John R. Tolbert (Republican) 3.3%
  • Others 0.1%
South Carolina 4Stanyarne WilsonDemocratic1894Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 5Thomas J. StraitDemocratic1892Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
South Carolina 6James NortonDemocratic1897 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y James Norton (Democratic) 96.9%
  • ▌J. H. Evans (Republican) 3.1%
South Carolina 7J. William StokesDemocratic1894Incumbent re-elected.

South Dakota

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
South Dakota at-large
(2 seats)		John Edward KelleyPopulist1896Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.		Elected on a general ticket:
Freeman KnowlesPopulist1896Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.

Tennessee

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Tennessee 1Walter P. BrownlowRepublican1896Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Walter P. Brownlow (Republican) 54.96%
  • ▌Hugh H. Guckenour (Democratic) 44.12%
  • ▌R. S. Cheves (Prohibition) 0.92%[23]
Tennessee 2Henry R. GibsonRepublican1894Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Henry R. Gibson (Republican) 66.34%
  • ▌John M. Davis (Democratic) 33.07%
  • ▌[FNU] Jones (Unknown) 0.59%[24]
Tennessee 3John A. MoonDemocratic1896Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y John A. Moon (Democratic) 58.87%
  • ▌Gus Cate (Republican) 40.62%
  • ▌W. A. Wetmore (Populist) 0.51%[25]
Tennessee 4Benton McMillinDemocratic1878Incumbent retired to run for Governor.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Tennessee 5James D. RichardsonDemocratic1884Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 6John W. GainesDemocratic1896Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y John W. Gaines (Democratic) 78.78%
  • ▌J. C. Napier (Republican) 14.26%
  • ▌N. P. Gill (Prohibition) 6.97%[28]
Tennessee 7Nicholas N. CoxDemocratic1890Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 8Thetus W. SimsDemocratic1896Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Thetus W. Sims (Democratic) 60.21%
  • ▌W. F. Hinkle (Republican) 36.86%
  • ▌T. J. Brooks (Populist) 2.94%[30]
Tennessee 9Rice A. PierceDemocratic1896Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Rice A. Pierce (Democratic) 76.89%
  • ▌Isaac Revelle (Republican) 21.27%
  • ▌E. F. Falley (Prohibition) 1.84%[31]
Tennessee 10Edward W. CarmackDemocratic1896Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Edward W. Carmack (Democratic) 81.46%
  • ▌J. W. Vernon (Republican) 18.12%
  • ▌J. T. Brooks (Populist) 0.42%[32]

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
West Virginia 1Blackburn B. DovenerRepublican1894Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Blackburn B. Dovener (Republican) 51.91%
  • ▌J. V. Blair (Democratic) 47.29%
  • ▌W. A. Williams (Independent) 0.63%
  • ▌J. B. Arnold (Independent) 0.17%[33]
West Virginia 2Alston G. DaytonRepublican1894Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Alston G. Dayton (Republican) 50.33%
  • ▌John T. McGraw (Democratic) 48.98%
  • ▌George Morrow (Populist) 0.69%[34]
West Virginia 3Charles DorrRepublican1896Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
  • ▌ Y David E. Johnston (Democratic) 50.63%
  • ▌William S. Edwards (Republican) 48.93%
  • ▌J. W. Davis (Populist) 0.45%[35]
West Virginia 4Warren MillerRepublican1894Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Romeo H. Freer (Republican) 50.84%
  • ▌George I. Neal (Democratic) 48.79%
  • ▌Oliver Gorrell (Populist) 0.37%[36]

Wisconsin

Wisconsin elected ten members of congress on Election Day, November 8, 1898.[37][38]

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Wisconsin 1Henry Allen CooperRepublican1892Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 2Edward SauerheringRepublican1894Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y Herman B. Dahle (Republican) 50.4%
  • ▌James E. Jones (Democratic) 47.0%
  • ▌Jabez B. Smith (Prohibition) 2.6%
Wisconsin 3Joseph W. BabcockRepublican1892Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Joseph W. Babcock (Republican) 59.5%
  • ▌Thomas L. Cleary (Democratic) 37.3%
  • ▌Richard B. Griggs (Prohibition) 3.2%
Wisconsin 4Theobald OtjenRepublican1894Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Theobald Otjen (Republican) 47.3%
  • ▌Joseph G. Donnelly (Democratic) 41.7%
  • ▌Robert C. Schilling (Populist) 6.6%
  • ▌Louis A. Arnold (Social Democratic) 3.0%
  • ▌John Moser (Socialist Labor) 1.5%
Wisconsin 5Samuel S. BarneyRepublican1894Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Samuel S. Barney (Republican) 51.8%
  • ▌Charles E. Armin (Democratic) 40.2%
  • ▌George Eckelman (Social Democratic) 3.3%
  • ▌William P. Rubin (Populist) 3.0%
  • ▌Albert F. Hintz (Socialist Labor) 1.0%
  • ▌William R. Nethercut (Prohibition) 0.7%
Wisconsin 6James H. DavidsonRepublican1896Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y James H. Davidson (Republican) 53.6%
  • ▌Frank C. Stewart (Democratic) 44.4%
  • ▌William H. Clark (Prohibition) 2.0%
Wisconsin 7Michael GriffinRepublican1894Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • ▌ Y John J. Esch (Republican) 64.7%
  • ▌John F. Doherty (Democratic) 32.6%
  • ▌Luther W. Wood (Prohibition) 2.8%
Wisconsin 8Edward S. MinorRepublican1894Incumbent re-elected.
Wisconsin 9Alexander StewartRepublican1894Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y Alexander Stewart (Republican) 58.1%
  • ▌Wells M. Ruggles (Democratic) 40.1%
  • ▌Edwin Kerswill (Prohibition) 1.8%
Wisconsin 10John J. JenkinsRepublican1894Incumbent re-elected.
  • ▌ Y John J. Jenkins (Republican) 63.1%
  • ▌John R. Mathews (Democratic) 30.3%
  • ▌William B. Hopkins (Prohibition) 3.5%
  • ▌Carl Pieper (Populist) 3.1%

Wyoming

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Wyoming at-largeJohn E. OsborneDemocratic1896Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • ▌ Y Frank W. Mondell (Republican) 54.71%
  • ▌Constantine P. Arnold (Democratic) 43.04%
  • ▌William Brown (Populist) 2.25%[39]

Non-voting delegates

DistrictIncumbentThis race
DelegatePartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Arizona Territory at-large
New Mexico Territory at-large
Oklahoma Territory at-largeJames Y. CallahanFree Silver1896Incumbent retired.
New delegate elected.
Republican gain.

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

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