1904 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1904 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 8, 1904, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They coincided with the election to a full term of President Theodore Roosevelt. Elections were held for 386 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 45 states, to serve in the 59th United States Congress.

1904 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1902November 8, 1904[a]1906 →

All 386 seats in the United States House of Representatives
194 seats needed for a majority
 Majority partyMinority party
 
LeaderJoseph CannonJohn Sharp Williams
PartyRepublicanDemocratic
Leader's seatIllinois 18thMississippi 8th
Last election206 seats176 seats
Seats won251[1][2]135[1][2]
Seat changeIncrease 45Decrease 41
Popular vote7,173,4815,386,523
Percentage54.58%40.98%
SwingIncrease 4.77%Decrease 4.02%

 Third party
 
PartyIndependent
Last election4 seats
Seats won0
Seat changeDecrease 4
Popular vote21,402
Percentage0.16%
SwingDecrease 0.40%

Results
     Democratic gain      Republican gain
     Democratic hold      Republican hold

Speaker before election

Joseph Gurney Cannon
Republican

Elected Speaker

Joseph Gurney Cannon
Republican

Roosevelt's popularity swept many Republican house candidates into office, cementing their majority over the opposition Democratic Party. Because Roosevelt came from a liberal wing of the Republican Party, his ideology was prevalent among freshman representatives. Progressive Republicanism mobilized a new base of support and proved to be especially popular among the Protestant middle-class workers who held jobs in business or in the front offices of industrial facilities.

Election summaries

135251
DemocraticRepublican
StateTypeTotal
seats
RepublicanDemocratic
SeatsChangeSeatsChange
AlabamaDistrict90 9
ArkansasDistrict70 7
CaliforniaDistrict88 30 3
ColoradoDistrict
+at-large
33 10
ConnecticutDistrict
+at-large
55 0
DelawareAt-large11 10 1
FloridaDistrict30 3
GeorgiaDistrict110 11
IdahoAt-large11 0
IllinoisDistrict2524 71 7
IndianaDistrict1311 22 2
IowaDistrict1111 10
KansasDistrict
+at-large
88 0
KentuckyDistrict112 19 1
KentuckyDistrict70 7
Maine[b]District44 0
MarylandDistrict63 13 1
MassachusettsDistrict1411 13 1
MichiganDistrict1212 10 1
MinnesotaDistrict99 10 1
MississippiDistrict80 8
MissouriDistrict1610 96 9
MontanaAt-large11 0
NebraskaDistrict66 10 1
NevadaAt-large10 1
New HampshireDistrict22 0
New JerseyDistrict109 21 2
New YorkDistrict3726 611 6
North CarolinaDistrict101 19 1
North DakotaDistrict22 0
OhioDistrict2120 31 3
Oregon[b]District22 0
PennsylvaniaDistrict3231 31 3
Rhode IslandDistrict21 1
South CarolinaDistrict70 7
South DakotaAt-large22 0
TennesseeDistrict102 8
TexasDistrict160 16
UtahAt-large11 0
Vermont[b]District22 0
VirginiaDistrict101 9
WashingtonAt-large33 0
West VirginiaDistrict55 0
WisconsinDistrict1110 1
WyomingAt-large11 0
Total386251
65.0%
41135
35.0%
41
Popular vote
Republican
54.58%
Democratic
40.98%
Independent
0.16%
Others
4.28%
House seats
Republican
65.03%
Democratic
34.97%

The previous election of 1902 saw 3 Independent Republicans elected in the Pittsburgh area of Pennsylvania.

House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80+% Democratic
  80+% Republican
  60+% to 80% Democratic
  60+% to 80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Republican
Net gain in party representation
  6+ Democratic gain
  6+ Republican gain
  3-5 Democratic gain
  3-5 Republican gain
  1-2 Democratic gain
  1-2 Republican gain
  no net change

Early election dates

In 1904, three states, with 8 seats among them, held elections early:

Special elections

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
South Carolina 2George W. CroftDemocratic1902Incumbent died March 10, 1904.
New member elected May 17, 1904.
Winner was not a candidate to the next term; see below.
California 3Victor H. MetcalfRepublican1898Incumbent resigned July 1, 1904 to become U.S. Secretary of Commerce and Labor.
New member elected November 8, 1904.
Republican hold.
Winner was also elected to the next term; see below.
Ohio 19

Alabama

Arkansas

California

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
California 1James GillettRepublican1902Incumbent re-elected.
California 2Theodore A. BellDemocratic1902Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • Y Duncan E. McKinlay (Republican) 49.2%
  • Theodore A. Bell (Democratic) 46.6%
  • J. H. White (Socialist) 3.3%
  • Eli P. LaCell (Prohibition) 0.9%
California 3Victor H. MetcalfRepublican1898Incumbent resigned July 1, 1904 to become U.S. Secretary of Commerce and Labor.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
Winner was also elected to finish the current term; see above.
  • Y Joseph R. Knowland (Republican) 68.6%
  • Henry C. McPike (Democratic) 20.1%
  • M. Lesser (Socialist) 10.1%
  • Bates Morris (Prohibition) 1.3%
California 4Edward J. LivernashDemocratic1902Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • Y Julius Kahn (Republican) 56.8%
  • Edward J. Livernash (Democratic) 36.4%
  • William Costley (Socialist) 6.4%
  • Hubert R. Chapin (Prohibition) 0.4%
California 5William J. WynnDemocratic1902Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • Y Everis A. Hayes (Republican) 52.3%
  • William J. Wynn (Democratic) 39.7%
  • Frank R. Whitney (Socialist) 5%
  • Charles J. Williams (Union Labor) 2%
  • George B. Pratt (Prohibition) 1%
California 6James C. NeedhamRepublican1898Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y James C. Needham (Republican) 55.1%
  • William M. Conley (Democratic) 38.3%
  • J. L. Cobb (Socialist) 4.5%
  • Joel H. Smith (Prohibition) 2.2%
California 7James McLachlanRepublican1900Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y James McLachlan (Republican) 44.8%
  • Benjamin J. Cloes (Populist) 30.3%
  • W. O. Morton (Democratic) 16.2%
  • Frank I. Wheat (Socialist) 5.2%
  • John Sobieski (Prohibition) 3.6%
California 8Milton J. DanielsRepublican1902Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Florida 1Stephen M. SparkmanDemocratic1894Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Stephen M. Sparkman (Democratic) 75.1%
  • E. R. Gunby (Republican) 20.1%
  • Z. A. Middlebrooks (Socialist) 4.7%
Florida 2Robert Wyche DavisDemocratic1896Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Florida 3William B. LamarDemocratic1902Incumbent re-elected.

Georgia

Idaho

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Idaho at-largeBurton L. FrenchRepublican1902Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Burton L. French (Republican) 63.66%
  • Benjamin F. Clay (Democratic) 28.62%
  • John H. Morrison (Socialist) 5.98%
  • Allen K. Wright (Prohibition) 1.43%
  • D. L. Badley (Populist) 0.31%[4]

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Maryland 1William H. JacksonRepublican1900Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Maryland 2J. Frederick C. TalbottDemocratic1902Incumbent re-elected.
Maryland 3Frank C. WachterRepublican1898Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Frank C. Wachter (Republican) 51.8%
  • Lee S. Meyer (Democratic) 45.8%
  • S.H. Roberts (Prohibition) 0.8%
  • Levin T. Jones (Socialist) 1.6%
Maryland 4James W. DennyDemocratic1902Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Y John Gill Jr. (Democratic) 51.8%
  • William C. Smith (Republican) 47.0%
  • George E. McLaughlin (Prohibition) 1.2%
Maryland 5Sydney Emanuel Mudd IRepublican1896Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Sydney Emanuel Mudd I (Republican) 53.6%
  • Richard S. Hill (Democratic) 43.6%
  • William E. Johnsen (Prohibition) 1.4%
  • John E. Mudd (Independent Republican) 1.4%
Maryland 6George A. PearreRepublican1898Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y George A. Pearre (Republican) 53.9%
  • Walter A. Johnston (Democratic) 42.5%
  • William A. Michaels (Prohibition) 2.1%
  • S. L. V. Young (Socialist) 1.5%

Massachusetts

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Massachusetts 1George P. LawrenceRepublican1897 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y George P. Lawrence (Republican) 58.0%
  • Charles Giddings (Democratic) 37.4%
  • Theodore Koehler (Socialist) 3.0%
  • John Kilbon (Prohibition) 1.5%
Massachusetts 2Frederick H. GillettRepublican1892Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Frederick H. Gillett (Republican) 63.5%
  • George W. Wheelwright Jr. (Democratic) 28.8%
  • George H. Wrenn (Socialist) 6.3%
  • Alfred E. Steele (Prohibition) 1.4%
Massachusetts 3John R. ThayerDemocratic1898Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • Y Rockwood Hoar (Republican) 61.1%
  • John B. Ratigan (Democratic) 36.4%
  • John W. Brown (Socialist) 2.5%
Massachusetts 4Charles Q. TirrellRepublican1900Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 5Butler AmesRepublican1902Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 6Augustus Peabody GardnerRepublican1902 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 7Ernest W. RobertsRepublican1898Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Ernest W. Roberts (Republican) 62.9%
  • William A. Kelley (Democratic) 30.7%
  • Andrew A. Keene (Socialist) 3.3%
  • Fred P. Greenwood (Prohibition) 1.7%
  • James Goodwin (Socialist Labor) 1.4%
Massachusetts 8Samuel W. McCallRepublican1892Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 9John A. KeliherDemocratic1902Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y John A. Keliher (Democratic) 67.7%
  • Walter L. Sears (Republican) 27.4%
  • James J. McVey (Socialist) 4.9%
Massachusetts 10William S. McNaryDemocratic1902Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y William S. McNary (Democratic) 57.3%
  • Jay B. Crawford (Republican) 38.0%
  • William T. Richards (Socialist) 4.7%
Massachusetts 11John Andrew SullivanDemocratic1902Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y John Andrew Sullivan (Democratic) 51.6%
  • Eugene Foss (Republican) 45.7%
  • George G. Cutting (Socialist) 2.4%
  • Marion W. Addison (Ind. Democratic) 0.3%
Massachusetts 12Samuel L. PowersRepublican1900Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Y John W. Weeks (Republican) 61.3%
  • Augustus Hemenway (Democratic) 34.3%
  • George E. Littlefield (Socialist) 4.4%
Massachusetts 13William S. GreeneRepublican1898 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 14William C. LoveringRepublican1896Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y William C. Lovering (Republican) 60.4%
  • Thomas H. Buttimer (Democratic) 23.3%
  • Charles H. Coulter (Socialist) 14.0%
  • Sherman E. Ellis (Prohibition) 2.3%

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Mississippi 1Ezekiel S. Candler Jr.Democratic1900Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 2Thomas SpightDemocratic1898 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 3Benjamin G. Humphreys IIDemocratic1902Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 4Wilson S. HillDemocratic1902Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 5Adam M. ByrdDemocratic1902Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 6Eaton J. BowersDemocratic1902Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 7Frank A. McLainDemocratic1898 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 8John S. WilliamsDemocratic1892Incumbent re-elected.

Missouri

Montana

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Montana at-largeJoseph M. DixonRepublican1902Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Joseph M. Dixon (Republican) 51.73%
  • Austin C. Gormley (Democratic) 41.95%
  • John H. Walsh (Socialist) 6.32%[13]

Nebraska

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Nebraska 1Elmer BurkettRepublican1898Incumbent re-elected.
Resigned before start of term to become Senator.
  • Y Elmer Burkett (Republican) 59.71%
  • Hugh Lamaster (Democratic) 35.80%
  • Bert Wilson (Prohibition) 3.16%
  • A. L. Schiermeter (Socialist) 1.34%[14]
Nebraska 2Gilbert HitchcockDemocratic1902Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Nebraska 3John McCarthyRepublican1902Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y John McCarthy (Republican) 51.94%
  • Patrick E. McKillip (Democratic) 45.62%
  • H. J. Hockenburger (Prohibition) 2.44%[16]
Nebraska 4Edmund H. HinshawRepublican1902Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Edmund H. Hinshaw (Republican) 57.90%
  • Charles F. Gilbert (Democratic) 38.84%
  • George I. Wright (Prohibition) 3.27%[17]
Nebraska 5George W. NorrisRepublican1902Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y George W. Norris (Republican) 56.11%
  • Harry H. Mauck (Democratic) 39.51%
  • John Tucker (Prohibition) 2.83%
  • William Stolley (Socialist) 1.55%[18]
Nebraska 6Moses KinkaidRepublican1902Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Moses Kinkaid (Republican) 58.82%
  • Walter B. McNeel (Democratic) 35.76%
  • John J. Smith (Prohibition) 2.88%
  • Lucien Stebbins (Socialist) 2.54%[19]

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
North Dakota at-large
2 seats on a general ticket
Thomas F. MarshallRepublican1900Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Thomas F. Marshall (Republican) 36.89%
  • Y Asle Gronna (Republican) 35.79%
  • N. P. Rasmussen (Democratic) 11.73%
  • A. G. Burr (Democratic) 11.57%
  • L. F. Dow (Socialist) 1.30%
  • E. D. Herring (Socialist) 1.28%
  • B. H. Tibbets (Prohibition) 0.73%[20]
Burleigh F. SpaldingRepublican1902Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.

Ohio

Oregon

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Oregon 1Binger HermannRepublican1903 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Binger Hermann (Republican) 51.23%
  • R. M. Veatch (Democratic) 36.67%
  • Hiram Gould (Prohibition) 6.13%
  • Benjamin Franklin Ramp (Socialist) 5.98%[21]
Oregon 2John N. WilliamsonRepublican1902Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y John N. Williamson (Republican) 57.58%
  • J. E. Simmons (Democratic) 27.11%
  • George R. Cook (Socialist) 7.81%
  • H. W. Stone (Prohibition) 7.50%[22]

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
South Carolina 1George Swinton LegaréDemocratic1902Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y George Swinton Legaré (Democratic) 91.3%
  • J. N. Noland (Republican) 5.2%
  • Aaron P. Prioleau (Republican)3.5%
South Carolina 2George W. CroftDemocratic1902Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
South Carolina 3Wyatt AikenDemocratic1902Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Wyatt Aiken (Democratic) 98.2%
  • John Scott (Republican) 1.8%
South Carolina 4Joseph T. JohnsonDemocratic1900Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 5David E. FinleyDemocratic1898Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 6Robert B. ScarboroughDemocratic1900Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
South Carolina 7Asbury F. LeverDemocratic1901 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Asbury F. Lever (Democratic) 93.8%
  • C. C. Jacobs (Unknown) 6.0%
  • Others 0.2%

South Dakota

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
South Dakota at-large
(2 seats elected on a general ticket)
Charles H. BurkeRepublican1898Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Eben Martin (Republican) 35.03%
  • Y Charles H. Burke (Republican) 35.00%
  • Wesley A. Stuart (Democratic) 11.36%
  • William A. Lynch (Democratic) 11.33%
  • Henry W. Smith (Socialist) 1.56%
  • S. A. Cochrane (Socialist) 1.53%
  • A. Jamieson (Prohibition) 1.51%
  • C. K. Thompson (Prohibition) 1.48%
  • A. J. McCain (Populist) 0.61%
  • G. W. Lattin (Populist) 0.59%[23]
Eben MartinRepublican1900Incumbent re-elected.

Tennessee

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Tennessee 1Walter P. BrownlowRepublican1896Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 2Henry R. GibsonRepublican1894Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Y Nathan W. Hale (Republican) 70.93%
  • J. W. Staples (Democratic) 28.50%
  • D. A. Vess (Socialist) 0.57%[25]
Tennessee 3John A. MoonDemocratic1896Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y John A. Moon (Democratic) 53.23%
  • Robert S. Sharp (Republican) 45.97%
  • R. B. Taggart (Socialist) 0.80%[26]
Tennessee 4Morgan C. FitzpatrickDemocratic1902Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Y Mounce G. Butler (Democratic) 53.27%
  • W. B. Pickering (Republican) 46.24%
  • J. J. Miles (Populist) 0.49%[27]
Tennessee 5James D. RichardsonDemocratic1884Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Tennessee 6John W. GainesDemocratic1896Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y John W. Gaines (Democratic) 78.97%
  • H. L. Maxwell (Republican) 20.16%
  • H. G. Sneed (Socialist) 0.87%[29]
Tennessee 7Lemuel P. PadgettDemocratic1900Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Lemuel P. Padgett (Democratic) 61.90%
  • A. M. Hughes (Republican) 37.96%
  • H. G. Smith (Socialist) 0.14%[30]
Tennessee 8Thetus W. SimsDemocratic1896Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 9Rice A. PierceDemocratic1896Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Tennessee 10Malcolm R. PattersonDemocratic1900Incumbent re-elected.

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Virginia 1
Virginia 2
Virginia 3
Virginia 4
Virginia 5
Virginia 6Carter GlassDemocratic1902 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Carter Glass (Democratic) 95.50%
  • James S. Cowden (Ind. Republican) 4.50%[34]
Virginia 7James HayDemocratic1904 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y James Hay (Democratic) 64.65%
  • Charles M. Kelzel (Republican) 35.35%[35]
Virginia 8
Virginia 9
Virginia 10Henry D. FloodDemocratic1900Incumbent re-elected.

Washington

West Virginia

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
West Virginia 1Blackburn B. DovenerRepublican1894Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Blackburn B. Dovener (Republican) 54.74%
  • J. W. Barnes (Democratic) 41.27%
  • B. H. Shadduck (Prohibition) 2.76%
  • H. A. Leeds (Socialist) 1.24%[36]
West Virginia 2Alston G. DaytonRepublican1894Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Alston G. Dayton (Republican) 51.61%
  • Stuart W. Walker (Democratic) 46.63%
  • Larkin Bowers (Prohibition) 1.54%
  • Joseph Silva (Socialist) 0.23%[37]
West Virginia 3Joseph H. GainesRepublican1900Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Joseph H. Gaines (Republican) 52.77%
  • H. B. Davenport (Democratic) 44.50%
  • S. F. Nutter (Prohibition) 1.85%
  • G. L. Burnbaugh (Socialist) 0.88%[38]
West Virginia 4Harry C. WoodyardRepublican1902Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Harry C. Woodyard (Republican) 53.59%
  • Allen C. Murdock (Democratic) 44.16%
  • M. H. Snodgrass (Prohibition) 2.00%
  • J. W. Stewart (Socialist) 0.26%[39]
West Virginia 5James A. HughesRepublican1900Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y James A. Hughes (Republican) 55.78%
  • S. S. Altezer (Democratic) 43.03%
  • J. S. Thornburg (Prohibition) 0.90%
  • Henry Burke (Socialist) 0.29%[40]

Wisconsin

Wyoming

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Wyoming at-largeFrank W. MondellRepublican1898Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Frank W. Mondell (Republican) 64.61%
  • T. S. Taliaferro (Democratic) 32.21%
  • William Brown (Socialist) 2.67%
  • Lemuel L. Laughlin (Prohibition) 0.50%[41]

Non-voting delegates

Oklahoma Territory

DistrictIncumbentThis race
DelegatePartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Oklahoma Territory at-largeBird S. McGuireRepublican1902Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Bird S. McGuire (Republican) 47.14%
  • Frank Mathews (Democratic) 45.69%
  • A. S. Loudermilk (Socialist) 4.07%
  • R. E. Straughan (Populist) 1.68%
  • Charles Brown (Prohibition) 1.42%[42]

New Mexico Territory

New Mexico Territory elected its non-voting delegate November 8, 1904.

DistrictIncumbentThis race
DelegatePartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
New Mexico Territory at-largeBernard Shandon RodeyRepublican1900Incumbent lost renomination and then lost re-election as an Independent Republican.
New delegate elected.
Republican hold.

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links