1906 United States House of Representatives elections

The 1906 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 6, 1906, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They occurred in the middle of President Theodore Roosevelt's second term. Elections were held for 386 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 45 states, to serve in the 60th United States Congress (Oklahoma would later gain statehood in 1907 and increase the House membership to 391).

1906 United States House of Representatives elections

← 1904November 6, 1906[a]1908 →

All 391 seats in the United States House of Representatives[b]
196 seats needed for a majority
 Majority partyMinority party
 
LeaderJoseph CannonJohn Sharp Williams
PartyRepublicanDemocratic
Leader's seatIllinois 18thMississippi 8th
Last election251 seats135 seats
Seats won223[1][2]167[1][2]
Seat changeDecrease 28Increase 32
Popular vote5,695,7354,866,899
Percentage50.99%43.57%
SwingDecrease 3.59%Increase 2.59%

 Third party
 
PartyIndependent
Last election0 seats
Seats won1 [c]
Seat changeIncrease 1
Popular vote40,264
Percentage0.36%
SwingIncrease 0.20%

Speaker before election

Joseph Cannon
Republican

Elected Speaker

Joseph Cannon
Republican

As in many midterm elections, the President's Republican Party lost seats to the opposition Democratic Party, but retained a large overall majority. Dissatisfaction with working conditions and resentment toward union busting among industrial laborers in the Mid-Atlantic and Midwest caused these groups to turn out to the polls in large numbers in support of the Democratic Party. However, gains in these regions were not enough to remove the Republican majority or the firm support that the party held among the middle class.

Special elections

DistrictIncumbentResultsCandidates
SenatorPartyFirst elected
Alaska Territory at-largeNoneNew seat.
New delegate elected August 14, 1906 to finish the current term.
Democratic gain.
Successor would not run for election to the next term, see below.
California 1James GillettRepublican1902Incumbent resigned.
New member elected November 6, 1906.
Republican hold.
Georgia 1Rufus E. LesterDemocratic1888Incumbent died.
New member elected November 6, 1906.
Democratic hold.
Illinois 13Robert R. HittRepublican1882Incumbent died September 20, 1906.
New member elected November 6, 1906.
Republican hold.
Indiana 12Newton W. GilbertRepublican1904Incumbent resigned November 6, 1906, after being appointed judge of the court of first instance at Manila, Philippines.
New member elected November 6, 1906.
Republican hold.
New York 8Timothy SullivanDemocratic1902Incumbent resigned July 27, 1906.
New member elected November 6, 1906.
Republican hold.
Pennsylvania 2Robert Adams Jr.Republican1893Incumbent died June 1, 1906.
New member elected November 6, 1906.
Republican hold.
Pennsylvania 3George A. CastorRepublican1903Incumbent died February 19, 1906.
New member elected November 6, 1906.
Republican hold.
Pennsylvania 12George R. PattersonRepublican1900Incumbent died March 21, 1906.
New member elected November 6, 1906.
Republican hold.
Virginia 5Claude A. SwansonDemocratic1892Incumbent resigned January 30, 1906, after being elected Governor of Virginia.
New member elected November 6, 1906.
Democratic hold.
Wisconsin 2Henry C. AdamsRepublican1902Incumbent died July 9, 1906.
New member elected September 4, 1906.
Republican hold.
Massachusetts 3Rockwood HoarRepublican1904Incumbent died November 1, 1906.
New member elected December 18, 1906.
Republican hold.

Election summaries

1671223
Democratic[d]Republican
StateTypeTotal
seats
DemocraticRepublican
SeatsChangeSeatsChange
AlabamaDistrict99 0
ArkansasDistrict77 0
CaliforniaDistrict80 8
ColoradoDistrict
+at-large
30 3
ConnecticutDistrict
+at-large
50 5
DelawareAt-large10 1
FloridaDistrict33 0
GeorgiaDistrict1111 0
IdahoAt-large10 1
IllinoisDistrict255 420 4
IndianaDistrict134 29 2
IowaDistrict111 110 1
KansasDistrict[e]80 8
KentuckyDistrict117 24 2
LouisianaDistrict77 0
Maine[f]District40 4
MarylandDistrict63 3
MassachusettsDistrict143 11
MichiganDistrict120 12
MinnesotaDistrict91 18 1
MississippiDistrict88 0
MissouriDistrict1612 54 5
MontanaAt-large10 1
NebraskaDistrict61 15 1
NevadaAt-large11 0
New HampshireDistrict20 2
New JerseyDistrict104 36 3
New YorkDistrict3711 26[c]
North CarolinaDistrict1010 10 1
North DakotaDistrict20 2
OhioDistrict215 416 4
Oregon[f]District20 2
PennsylvaniaDistrict327 625 6
Rhode IslandDistrict21 1
South CarolinaDistrict77 0
South DakotaAt-large20 2
TennesseeDistrict108 2
TexasDistrict1616 0
UtahAt-large10 1
Vermont[f]District20 2
VirginiaDistrict109 1
WashingtonAt-large30 3
West VirginiaDistrict50 5
WisconsinDistrict112 19 1
WyomingAt-large10 1
Total[b]386167
42.2%
27223[c]
57.8%
27
Popular vote
Republican
50.99%
Democratic
43.57%
Independent
0.36%
Others
5.08%
House seats
Republican
57.03%
Democratic
42.71%
Independent
0.26%
House seats by party holding plurality in state
Including Oklahoma, which was admitted in 1907.
  80+% Democratic
  80+% Republican
  60+% to 80% Democratic
  60+% to 80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Republican
Net gain in party representation
Including Oklahoma, which was admitted in 1907.
  6+ Democratic gain
  6+ Republican gain
  3-5 Democratic gain
  3-5 Republican gain
  1-2 Democratic gain
  1-2 Republican gain
  no net change

Election dates

In 1906, three states, with 8 seats among them, held elections early:

Oklahoma was admitted in 1907 and held its first congressional elections on September 17, 1907.

Alabama

Arkansas

California

DistrictIncumbentPartyFirst
elected
ResultCandidates
California 1James GillettRepublican1902Incumbent retired to run for Governor of California.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Y William F. Englebright (Republican) 54.1%
  • F. W. Taft (Democratic) 39.9%
  • J. C. Weybright (Socialist) 5%
  • R. L. Webb (Prohibition) 1.1%
California 2Duncan E. McKinlayRepublican1904Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Duncan E. McKinlay (Republican) 51.8%
  • W. A. Beard (Democratic) 44.8%
  • A. J. Gaylord (Socialist) 3.4%
California 3Joseph R. KnowlandRepublican1904Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Joseph R. Knowland (Republican) 60%
  • Hugh W. Brunk (Democratic) 21.5%
  • Charles C. Boynton (Independence) 10.1%
  • William McDevitt (Socialist) 7%
  • T. H. Montgomery (Prohibition) 1.3%
California 4Julius KahnRepublican1898Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Julius Kahn (Republican) 62.4%
  • David S. Hirshberg (Democratic) 33.2%
  • Oliver Everett (Socialist) 4.4%
California 5Everis A. HayesRepublican1904Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Everis A. Hayes (Republican) 52.6%
  • Hiram G. Davis (Democratic) 41.9%
  • Joseph Lawrence (Socialist) 5.5%
California 6James C. NeedhamRepublican1898Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y James C. Needham (Republican) 55.6%
  • Harry A. Greene (Democratic) 37.8%
  • Richard Kirk (Socialist) 3.8%
  • Herman E. Burbank (Prohibition) 2.8%
California 7James McLachlanRepublican1900Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y James McLachlan (Republican) 56.8%
  • Robert G. Laucks (Democratic) 28.4%
  • Charles Ribble (Socialist) 9.3%
  • Levi D. Johnson (Prohibition) 5.6%
California 8Sylvester C. SmithRepublican1904Incumbent re-elected.

Colorado

Connecticut

Delaware

Florida

DistrictIncumbentPartyFirst
elected
ResultCandidates
Florida 1Stephen M. SparkmanDemocratic1894Incumbent re-elected.
Florida 2Frank ClarkDemocratic1904Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Frank Clark (Democratic) 88.2%
  • J. F. McClelland (Republican) 11.8%
Florida 3William B. LamarDemocratic1902Incumbent re-elected.

Georgia

Idaho

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Idaho at-largeBurton L. FrenchRepublican1902Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Burton L. French (Republican) 58.59%
  • Murray R. Hattabaugh (Democratic) 33.12%
  • Edward L. Rigg (Socialist) 6.72%
  • Charles A. Montandon (Prohibition) 1.57%[3]

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa

Kansas

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

DistrictIncumbentPartyFirst
elected
ResultCandidates
Maryland 1Thomas Alexander SmithDemocratic1904Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Maryland 2J. Frederick C. TalbottDemocratic1902Incumbent re-elected.
Maryland 3Frank C. WachterRepublican1898Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
  • Y Harry Benjamin Wolf (Democratic) 49.8%
  • William W. Johnson (Republican) 47.0%
  • Joseph P. Jarboe (Socialist) 2.0%
  • George R. Gorsuch (Prohibition) 1.2%
Maryland 4John Gill Jr.Democratic1904Incumbent re-elected.
Maryland 5Sydney Emanuel Mudd IRepublican1896Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Sydney Emanuel Mudd I (Republican) 53.7%
  • George M. Smith (Democratic) 42.8%
  • John S. Mathews (Socialist) 2.0%
  • William H. Silk (Prohibition) 1.6%
Maryland 6George A. PearreRepublican1898Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y George A. Pearre (Republican) 55.3%
  • Harvey R. Spessard (Democratic) 38.5%
  • Francis B. Sappington (Prohibition) 3.3%
  • Ira Culp (Socialist) 2.9%

Massachusetts

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Massachusetts 1George P. LawrenceRepublican1897 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y George P. Lawrence (Republican) 59.7%
  • Frank J. Lawler (Democratic) 36.4%
  • Benjamin Clow (Socialist) 3.9%
Massachusetts 2Frederick H. GillettRepublican1892Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Frederick H. Gillett (Republican) 61.3%
  • Edward A. Hall (Democratic) 32.5%
  • George H. Wrenn (Socialist) 6.3%
Massachusetts 3VacantIncumbent died November 1, 1906.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Y Charles G. Washburn (Republican) 58.6%
  • William I. McLoughlin (Democratic) 38.9%
  • Louis F. Weiss (Socialist) 2.5%
Massachusetts 4Charles Q. TirrellRepublican1900Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Charles Q. Tirrell (Republican) 79.0%
  • Timothy Richardson (Socialist) 20.9%
  • Others 0.1%
Massachusetts 5Butler AmesRepublican1902Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Butler Ames (Republican) 54.2%
  • Joseph J. Flynn (Democratic) 44.2%
  • Fred P. Folsom (Socialist) 1.6%
Massachusetts 6Augustus Peabody GardnerRepublican1902 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Augustus Peabody Gardner (Republican) 54.8%
  • George A. Schofield (Democratic) 41.9%
  • John F. Putnam (Socialist) 3.3%
Massachusetts 7Ernest W. RobertsRepublican1898Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Ernest W. Roberts (Republican) 66.4%
  • John A. O'Keefe (Democratic) 30.0%
  • Bernard W. Gidney (Socialist) 3.6%
Massachusetts 8Samuel W. McCallRepublican1892Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Samuel W. McCall (Republican) 59.4%
  • Frederick S. Deitrick (Democratic) 38.7%
  • Orton D. Field (Socialist) 2.0%
Massachusetts 9John A. KeliherDemocratic1902Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y John A. Keliher (Democratic) 68.1%
  • Edward C. Webb (Republican) 26.6%
  • George W. Galvin (Socialist) 5.3%
Massachusetts 10William S. McNaryDemocratic1902Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Y Joseph F. O'Connell (Democratic) 54.9%
  • Edward B. Callender (Republican) 42.3%
  • Ira E. Worcester (Socialist) 2.7%
Massachusetts 11John Andrew SullivanDemocratic1902Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Y Andrew James Peters (Democratic) 53.9%
  • Daniel W. Lane (Republican) 43.7%
  • George G. Cutting (Socialist) 2.3%
Massachusetts 12John W. WeeksRepublican1904Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y John W. Weeks (Republican) 61.5%
  • David W. Murray (Democratic) 34.3%
  • Calvin C. Jordan (Socialist) 4.2%
Massachusetts 13William S. GreeneRepublican1898 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
Massachusetts 14William C. LoveringRepublican1896Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y William C. Lovering (Republican) 61.8%
  • Thomas F. Loorem (Democratic) 23.4%
  • Dan White (Socialist) 14.8%

Michigan

Minnesota

Mississippi

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Mississippi 1Ezekiel S. Candler Jr.Democratic1900Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 2Thomas SpightDemocratic1898 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 3Benjamin G. Humphreys IIDemocratic1902Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 4Wilson S. HillDemocratic1902Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 5Adam M. ByrdDemocratic1902Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 6Eaton J. BowersDemocratic1902Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 7Frank A. McLainDemocratic1898 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
Mississippi 8John S. WilliamsDemocratic1892Incumbent re-elected.

Missouri

Montana

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Montana at-largeJoseph M. DixonRepublican1902Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
New member elected.
Republican hold.

Nebraska

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Nebraska 1Ernest M. PollardRepublican1905 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Ernest M. Pollard (Republican) 52.84%
  • T. J. Doyle (Democratic) 42.46%
  • Frank C. Taylor (Prohibition) 3.73%
  • E. I. Root (Socialist) 0.96%[13]
Nebraska 2John L. KennedyRepublican1904Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain.
Nebraska 3John McCarthyRepublican1902Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Y John F. Boyd (Republican) 48.99%
  • Guy T. Graves (Democratic) 48.23%
  • E. J. Flood (Prohibition) 2.01%
  • L. DeVore (Socialist) 0.77%[15]
Nebraska 4Edmund H. HinshawRepublican1902Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Edmund H. Hinshaw (Republican) 55.02%
  • John J. Thomas (Democratic) 43.97%
  • J. C. Palmerton (Socialist) 1.01%[16]
Nebraska 5George W. NorrisRepublican1902Incumbent re-elected.
Nebraska 6Moses KinkaidRepublican1902Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Moses Kinkaid (Republican) 57.08%
  • G. L. Shumway (Democratic) 40.18%
  • W. N. Parsel (Socialist) 2.74%[18]

Nevada

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

North Dakota

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
North Dakota at-large
2 seats on a general ticket
Thomas F. MarshallRepublican1900Incumbent re-elected.
Asle GronnaRepublican1904Incumbent re-elected.

Ohio

Oregon

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Oregon 1Binger HermannRepublican1903 (special)Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Y Willis C. Hawley (Republican) 49.13%
  • Charles V. Galloway (Democratic) 41.10%
  • W. W. Myers (Socialist) 5.94%
  • Edward F. Green (Prohibition) 3.83%[20]
Oregon 2John N. WilliamsonRepublican1902Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Y William R. Ellis (Republican) 61.02%
  • James H. Graham (Democratic) 26.18%
  • A. M. Paul (Socialist) 7.61%
  • H. W. Stone (Prohibition) 5.19%[21]

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

DistrictIncumbentPartyFirst
elected
ResultCandidates
South Carolina 1George Swinton LegaréDemocratic1902Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 2James O'H. PattersonDemocratic1904Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 3Wyatt AikenDemocratic1902Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 4Joseph T. JohnsonDemocratic1900Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Joseph T. Johnson (Democratic) 98.7%
  • David C. Gist (Republican) 0.9%
  • Others 0.4%
South Carolina 5David E. FinleyDemocratic1898Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 6J. Edwin EllerbeDemocratic1904Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 7Asbury F. LeverDemocratic1901 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Asbury F. Lever (Democratic) 97.6%
  • Aaron D. Dantzler (Republican) 2.4%

South Dakota

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
South Dakota at-large
(2 seats elected on a general ticket)
Charles H. BurkeRepublican1898Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Y Philo Hall (Republican) 32.61%
  • Y William H. Parker (Republican) 32.59%
  • William S. Elder (Democratic) 13.57%
  • Samuel A. Ramsey (Democratic) 13.44%
  • C. V. Templeton (Prohibition) 2.30%
  • R. J. Day (Prohibition) 2.25%
  • James Kirwan (Socialist) 1.66%
  • Henry A. Berge (Socialist) 1.58%[22]
Eben MartinRepublican1900Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator.
New member elected.
Republican hold.

Tennessee

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Tennessee 1Walter P. BrownlowRepublican1896Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 2Nathan W. HaleRepublican1904Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Nathan W. Hale (Republican) 71.49%
  • E. L. Foster (Democratic) 26.52%
  • J. A. Broughton (Socialist) 2.00%[24]
Tennessee 3John A. MoonDemocratic1896Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y John A. Moon (Democratic) 56.85%
  • T. W. Peace (Republican) 42.15%
  • A. Ellyson (Socialist) 1.01%[25]
Tennessee 4Mounce G. ButlerDemocratic1904Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
  • Y Cordell Hull (Democratic) 53.60%
  • John E. Oliver (Republican) 46.25%
  • J. T. McColgan (Socialist) 0.14%[26]
Tennessee 5William C. HoustonDemocratic1904Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y William C. Houston (Democratic) 71.54%
  • Tim Wade (Republican) 27.78%
  • J. H. Baxter (Socialist) 0.69%[27]
Tennessee 6John W. GainesDemocratic1896Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y John W. Gaines (Democratic) 79.82%
  • J. W. Johnson (Republican) 18.97%
  • H. G. Sneed (Socialist) 1.22%[28]
Tennessee 7Lemuel P. PadgettDemocratic1900Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 8Thetus W. SimsDemocratic1896Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee 9Finis J. GarrettDemocratic1904Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Finis J. Garrett (Democratic) 76.93%
  • Yandrell Haun (Republican) 22.92%
  • W. P. Outlaw (Socialist) 0.15%[31]
Tennessee 10Malcolm R. PattersonDemocratic1900Incumbent retired to run for Governor.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.

Texas

Utah

Vermont

Virginia

DistrictIncumbentPartyFirst
elected
ResultCandidates
Virginia 1
Virginia 2
Virginia 3
Virginia 4
Virginia 5
Virginia 6Carter GlassDemocratic1902 (special)Incumbent re-elected.
Virginia 7
Virginia 8
Virginia 9
Virginia 10

Washington

West Virginia

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
West Virginia 1Blackburn B. DovenerRepublican1894Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Y William P. Hubbard (Republican) 52.47%
  • T. S. Riley (Democratic) 41.50%
  • W. E. Pierce (Prohibition) 4.02%
  • E. B. Hibbs (Socialist) 2.00%[33]
West Virginia 2Thomas B. DavisDemocratic1905 (special)Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • Y George C. Sturgiss (Republican) 53.63%
  • M. H. Dent (Democratic) 44.00%
  • James H. Ward (Prohibition) 1.92%
  • W. T. Dadisman (Socialist) 0.45%[34]
West Virginia 3Joseph H. GainesRepublican1900Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Joseph H. Gaines (Republican) 52.78%
  • George Byrne (Democratic) 41.08%
  • Fred H. Montgomery (Prohibition) 3.55%
  • J. L. Beard (Socialist) 2.59%[35]
West Virginia 4Harry C. WoodyardRepublican1902Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Harry C. Woodyard (Republican) 52.17%
  • George W. Hardman (Democratic) 43.89%
  • Dave D. Johnson (Prohibition) 2.29%
  • C. W. Kirkendall (Socialist) 1.65%[36]
West Virginia 5James A. HughesRepublican1900Incumbent re-elected.

Wisconsin

Wyoming

DistrictIncumbentThis race
MemberPartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
Wyoming at-largeFrank W. MondellRepublican1898Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Frank W. Mondell (Republican) 62.16%
  • John C. Hamm (Democratic) 33.07%
  • William Brown (Socialist) 4.57%
  • C. H. Nicodemus (Prohibition) 0.21%[38]

Non-voting delegates

District of Alaska

DistrictIncumbentResultsCandidates
SenatorPartyFirst elected
Alaska Territory at-largeFrank Hinman WaskeyIndependent1906Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Independent hold.

New Mexico Territory

New Mexico Territory elected its non-voting delegate November 6, 1906.

DistrictIncumbentThis race
RepresentativePartyFirst electedResultsCandidates
New Mexico Territory at-largeWilliam Henry AndrewsRepublican1904Incumbent re-elected.

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links