1908 in Brazil

Federal government

• President: Afonso Pena
• Vice President: Nilo Peçanha

Governors

• Alagoas: Euclid Vieira Malta
• Amazonas: Antônio Constantino Néri (till 23 July); Antônio Clemente Ribeiro Bittencourt (from 23 July)
• Bahia: José Marcelino de Sousa, then João Ferreira de Araújo Pinho
• Ceará: Antônio Nogueira Accioli (till 12 July); Antônio Nogueira Accioli (from 12 July)
• Goiás: Miguel da Rocha Lima
• Maranhão: Benedito Pereira Leite (till 25 May); Arthur Collares (from 25 May)
• Mato Grosso: Generoso Pais Leme de Sousa Ponce, then Pedro Celestino Corrêa da Costa
• Minas Gerais: João Pinheiro da Silva (till 25 October); Júlio Bueno Brandão (from 27 October)
• Pará: Augusto Montenegro
• Paraíba: Valfredo Leal (till 28 October); João Lopes Machado (from 28 October)
• Paraná: Joaquim Monteiro de Carvalho e Silva; Manuel de Alencar Guimarães; Francisco Xavier da Silva
• Pernambuco: Sigismundo Antônio Gonçalves (till 7 April); Herculano Bandeira de Melo (from 7 April)
• Piauí: Areolino Antônio de Abreu (till 31 March); José Lourenço de Morais e Silva (31 March - 1 July); Anísio Auto de Abreu (from 1 July)
• Rio Grande do Norte: Antonio José de Melo e Sousa (till 25 March); Alberto Maranhão (from 25 March)
• Rio Grande do Sul: Antônio Augusto Borges de Medeiros (till 25 January); Carlos Barbosa Gonçalves (from 25 January)
• Santa Catarina:
• São Paulo:
• Sergipe:

Vice governors

• Rio Grande do Norte:
• São Paulo:

• 23 May - Jerônimo de Sousa Monteiro becomes the 13th president (governor) of the state of Espirito Santo.

June

• 16 June: The Kasato Maru arrives at the Port of Santos with the first official group of Japanese immigrants to Brazil.^[1][2]
• 2 July - The Argentina national football team begins a tour of Brazil, winning six and drawing one of the seven friendly games played in 13 days.
• 11 August - 15 November - The Exhibition of the centenary of the opening of the Ports of Brazil was held in Urca, Rio de Janeiro.
• 10 September - The first Minas Geraes-class Dreadnought battleship for Brazil, Minas Geraes, is launched at Armstrong Whitworth's yard on the River Tyne in England, catalysing the "South American dreadnought race".
• 30 October - Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará, renounces his claim on the Brazilian throne in order to marry Countess Elisabeth Dobržensky de Dobrženicz.^[3]
• 15 November - The emergence of Umbanda through Zélio Fernandino de Moraes.^[4]

• 3 February - Dulcina de Moraes, stage actress and director (died 1996)
• 12 February - Olga Benário Prestes, German-Brazilian communist militant (in Munich;^[5] died 1942)
• 8 June - Inah Canabarro Lucas, Supercentenarian and Nun
• 27 June - João Guimarães Rosa, novelist (died 1967)
• 5 September - Josué de Castro, activist (died 1973)
• 14 September - Maria Luisa Monteiro da Cunha, librarian (died 1980)
• 25 October - Blessed Adílio Daronch, student (died 1924)
• 28 November - Vitorino de Brito Freire, politician (died 1977)^[6]
• 13 December - Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira, Catholic intellectual and politician (died 1995)

• 29 September - Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, novelist, poet, playwright, short story writer, and monarchist (born 1839)^[7]
• 22 October - Artur Azevedo, dramatist, short story writer, chronicler, journalist and poet of the Parnassian school (born 1855)^[8]

• 1908 in Brazilian football

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