The Polish census of 1921 or First General Census in Poland (Polish: Pierwszy Powszechny Spis Ludności) was the first census in the Second Polish Republic, performed on September 30, 1921 by the Main Bureau of Statistics (Główny Urząd Statystyczny). It was followed by the Polish census of 1931.
| Polish census of 1921 | |
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| 1921 Census of Poland, vol. 31: Population by Religion and Nationality (go to p. 80: PDF) | |
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Content
Due to war, not all of interwar Poland was enumerated. Upper Silesia was formally assigned to Poland by the League of Nations after the census was conducted elsewhere. Meanwhile, the conditions in eastern Galicia were still unstable and chaotic, and the census data had to be adjusted after the fact, wrote Joseph Marcus, thus leading to more questions than answers.[1] The army and personnel under military jurisdiction were not included in the results. Also, specific areas of considerable size lacked complete returns due to absence of war refugees.[2]
Entire categories considered essential today were absent from the questionnaires, subject to historic interpretation at any given time. For example, the Ukrainians were lumped with the Rusyns (as Ruthenes) with the only distinguishing factor possible being religion. Within a single total number of Ruthenes (narodowość rusińska), separate categories existed only for Greek Catholics (68.4 percent or 2,667,840 of them) and Orthodox Christians (31 percent or 1,207,739 of the total),[page 80] but did not address language in the same way as the next Polish census of 1931. Neither the Ukrainians, Carpatho-Rusyns (or Rusnaks), nor Polesians were defined by their name. The categories listed in the census included verbatim: Narodowość: polska (polonais), rusińska (ruthènes), żydowska (juifs), białoruska (biėlorusses), niemiecka (allemands), litewska (lithuaniens), rosyjska (russes), tutejsza (indigène), czeska (tchèques), inna (autre), niewiadoma (inconnue).[3]
Some scholars claim that minorities had been undercounted, with some claiming as much as 40% of Poland's population was a minority, 18 percent Ukrainian, 10 percent Jewish, 6 percent Byelorussian, and 5 percent German.[4]
Results
Nationality
| All | Polish | Ruthenians[5] | Jewish | Belarusian | German | Lithuanian[6] | Russian | Tutejszy[6] | Czech | other | unknown |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25.694.700 | 17.789.287 | 3.898.428 | 2.048.878 | 1.035.693 | 769.392 | 24.044 | 48.920 | 38.943 | 30.628 | 9.856 | 631 |
| 100% | 69,23% | 15,17% | 7,97% | 4,03% | 2,99% | 0,09% | 0,19% | 0,15% | 0,12% | 0,04% | ~0,002% |
Religion
| All | Roman Catholics | Greco Catholics | Other Catholic (Mariavite and others) | Orthodox | Other Eastern Christians | Evangelicals | Other Evangelicals | Jews | Other Non-Christians | Agnostics | Unknown |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25 694 700 | 16 057 229 | 3 031 057 | 33 003 | 2 815 817 | 21 707 | 940 234 | 12 426 | 2 771 949 | 4 397 | 5 972 | 909 |
Source: [3]
References
External links
Media related to Polish census of 1921 at Wikimedia Commons- Partial results
- Partial results when searching for the following keyword: Spis powszechny - Polska 1921 r
- Nationalities (page 56, polish-french version) at Stat.gov.pl.
