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Municipalities of Puerto Rico

(Redirected from Administrative divisions of Puerto Rico)

The municipalities of Puerto Rico (Spanish: municipios de Puerto Rico) are the second-level administrative divisions in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico. There are 78 such administrative divisions covering all 78 incorporated towns and cities. Each municipality is led by a mayor and divided into barrios, third-level administrative divisions, though the latter are not vested with any political authority. Every municipality is governed as stated by the Autonomous Municipalities Act of 1991, which establishes that every municipality must have an elected strong mayor with a municipal legislature as the form of government. Each legislature must be unicameral, with the number of members related to adequate representation of the total population of the municipality. In contrast to other jurisdictions, both the mayors and the municipal legislators are elected on the same date and for the same term of four years in office.

Municipalities of Puerto Rico
LocationCommonwealth of Puerto Rico
Number78
PopulationsFrom 1,818 pop. in Culebra to 395,326 pop. in San Juan
AreasFrom 4.84 square miles (12.5 km2) in Cataño to 125.95 square miles (326.2 km2) in Arecibo
Government
Subdivisions

From a political and ekistic perspective, several differences and similarities exist between municipalities of differing population sizes. For instance, municipalities with 50,000 inhabitants or more are considered incorporated cities, while those with fewer than 50,000 are considered incorporated towns.[1] Size affects the autonomy exercised by the jurisdiction: cities provide and manage their own services, while towns typically depend on nearby cities for certain services. Demographically, municipalities in Puerto Rico are equivalent to counties in the United States, and Puerto Rican municipalities are registered as county subdivisions in the United States census.[2] Statistically, the municipality with the largest number of inhabitants is San Juan, with 342,259, while Culebra is the smallest, with around 1,792. Arecibo is the largest in terms of geography, with around 125 mi2, and Cataño the smallest, with around 4.8 mi2.[3]

All municipalities have a barrio called pueblo proper, officially called barrio-pueblo (literally "district-town"), which typically is the site of the historic Spanish colonial settlement, administrative center and urban core of the municipality.[4] However, municipalities with large populations may have an urban core that consist of several barrios.

Overview

In Recent Civic Architecture in Porto Rico by Adrian C. Finlayson, architect for the Insular Department of the Interior Architecture, writing for the publication Architectural Record in 1920, the Puerto Rican municipality is accurately described as:

Not merely a city, but something similar to a wide-extending township in New England—like Plymouth, Massachusetts, or Barnstable, on Cape Cod comprising a central town or city with perhaps several outlying districts or barrios, usually rural in character, and occasionally having sizeable concentrated populations in villages, the municipality bearing the name of the central urban portion and all under one local government.

Recent Civic Architecture in Porto Rico, 1920[5]

Having been a Spanish possession until 1898, the system of local government in Puerto Rico bears more resemblance to that of the Hispanophone nations of the Americas than to local government in the United States. Thus, there are no literal first-order administrative divisions akin to counties, as defined by the U.S. Federal Government. Instead, Puerto Rico has 78 municipalities as the secondary unit of administration.[6] For U.S. Census purposes, the municipalities are considered county equivalents. The municipalities are grouped into eight electoral districts, but these do not possess administrative functions. In 1991, the Autonomous Municipalities Act was passed, which slightly modified the rights and responsibilities of Puerto Rican municipalities with the aim of decentralizing control and improving government services.[7]

Every municipality is composed of barrios, except for Florida, which has only one barrio. The municipality of Ponce has the largest number of barrios, 31.[8][9][10][11][12]

Every municipality, except San Juan, also has an urban area made up of one or more barrios.[13] When the urban area is made up of only one barrio, it is called "Barrio Pueblo". Some urban areas are made up of multiple barrios: Ponce's urban area, for example, is made up of 12 barrios. All of San Juan's barrios are urban barrios, and the municipality of San Juan is composed of urban barrios only - thus, the entire municipality of San Juan consists of one large urban zone.[14]

Municipalities

Puerto Rico is administratively divided into the following 78 municipalities:

Municipalities of Puerto Rico
NameLocationCoat of ArmsFlagTitleFIPS
code[15]		Population
(2020)[3]		Population
(2010)[16]		Area[17]FoundedBarrios
Adjuntas Town00118,02019,48366.69 sq mi (172.73 sq km)1815List
Aguada Town00338,13641,95930.85 sq mi (79.90 sq km)1639List
Aguadilla City00555,10160,94936.53 sq mi (94.61 sq km)1775List
Aguas Buenas Town00724,22328,65930.08 sq mi (77.92 sq km)1838List
Aibonito Town00924,63725,90031.31 sq mi (81.10 sq km)1824List
Añasco Town01125,59629,26139.29 sq mi (101.75 sq km)1733List
Arecibo City01387,75496,440125.95 sq mi (326.20 sq km)1616List
Arroyo Town01515,84319,57515.01 sq mi (38.87 sq km)1855List
Barceloneta Town01722,65724,81618.69 sq mi (48.41 sq km)1881List
Barranquitas Town01928,98330,31834.25 sq mi (88.71 sq km)1803List
Bayamón City021185,187208,11644.32 sq mi (114.80 sq km)1772List
Cabo Rojo Town02347,15850,91770.37 sq mi (182.27 sq km)1771List
Caguas City025127,244142,89358.60 sq mi (151.77 sq km)1775List
Camuy Town02732,82735,15946.35 sq mi (120.06 sq km)1807List
Canóvanas Town02942,33747,64832.87 sq mi (85.12 sq km)1909List
Carolina City031154,815176,76245.32 sq mi (117.38 sq km)1816List
Cataño Town03323,15528,1404.84 sq mi (12.55 sq km)1927List
Cayey Town03541,65248,11951.93 sq mi (134.51 sq km)1773List
Ceiba Town03711,30713,63129.04 sq mi (75.20 sq km)1838List
Ciales Town03916,98418,78266.53 sq mi (172.31 sq km)1820List
Cidra Town04139,97043,48036.02 sq mi (93.29 sq km)1809List
Coamo Town04334,66840,51278.10 sq mi (202.27 sq km)1579List
Comerío Town04518,88320,77828.40 sq mi (73.56 sq km)1826List
Corozal Town04734,57137,14242.57 sq mi (110.26 sq km)1795List
Culebra Town0491,7921,81811.62 sq mi (30.10 sq km)1880List
Dorado Town05135,87938,16523.09 sq mi (59.80 sq km)1842List
Fajardo Town05332,12436,99329.86 sq mi (77.34 sq km)1772List
Florida Town05411,69212,68015.21 sq mi (39.39 sq km)1971List
Guánica Town05513,78719,42737.05 sq mi (95.96 sq km)1914List
Guayama Town05736,61445,36264.99 sq mi (168.32 sq km)1736List
Guayanilla Town05917,78421,58142.27 sq mi (109.48 sq km)1833List
Guaynabo City06189,78097,92427.58 sq mi (71.43 sq km)1769List
Gurabo Town06340,62245,36927.89 sq mi (72.23 sq km)1815List
Hatillo Town06538,48641,95341.78 sq mi (108.21 sq km)1823List
Hormigueros Town06715,65417,25011.34 sq mi (29.37 sq km)1874List
Humacao City06950,89658,46644.75 sq mi (115.90 sq km)1722List
Isabela Town07142,94345,63155.30 sq mi (143.23 sq km)1819List
Jayuya Town07314,77916,64244.53 sq mi (115.33 sq km)1911List
Juana Díaz Town07546,53850,74760.28 sq mi (156.12 sq km)1798List
Juncos Town07737,01240,29026.49 sq mi (68.61 sq km)1797List
Lajas Town07923,33425,75359.95 sq mi (159.15 sq km)1883List
Lares Town08128,10530,75361.45 sq mi (159.15 sq km)1827List
Las Marías Town0838,8749,88146.36 sq mi (120.07 sq km)1871List
Las Piedras Town08535,18038,67533.88 sq mi (87.75 sq km)1773List
Loíza Town08723,69330,06019.37 sq mi (50.17 sq km)1719List
Luquillo Town08917,78120,06825.81 sq mi (66.85 sq km)1797List
Manatí Town09139,49244,11346.13 sq mi (119.48 sq km)1738List
Maricao Town0934,7556,27636.62 sq mi (94.85 sq km)1874List
Maunabo Town09510,58912,22521.07 sq mi (54.57 sq km)1799List
Mayagüez City09773,07789,08077.65 sq mi (201.11 sq km)1760List
Moca Town09937,46040,10950.34 sq mi (130.38 sq km)1772List
Morovis Town10128,72732,61038.87 sq mi (100.67 sq km)1818List
Naguabo Town10323,38626,72051.66 sq mi (133.80 sq km)1821List
Naranjito Town10529,24130,40227.40 sq mi (70.97 sq km)1824List
Orocovis Town10721,43423,42363.62 sq mi (164.78 sq km)1825List
Patillas Town10915,98519,27746.7 sq mi (120.95 sq km)1811List
Peñuelas Town11120,39924,28244.62 sq mi (115.57 sq km)1793List
Ponce City113137,491166,327114.76 sq mi (297.23 sq km)1692List
Quebradillas Town11523,63825,91922.68 sq mi (58.74 sq km)1823List
Rincón Town11715,18715,20014.29 sq mi (37.01 sq km)1771List
Río Grande Town11947,06054,30460.62 sq mi (157.01 sq km)1840List
Sabana Grande Town12122,72925,26535.83 sq mi (92.80 sq km)1813List
Salinas Town12325,78931,07869.37 sq mi (179.67 sq km)1851List
San Germán Town12531,87935,52754.50 sq mi (141.15 sq km)1573List
San Juan City127342,259395,32647.85 sq mi (123.93 sq km)1519[18]List
San Lorenzo Town12937,69341,05853.11 sq mi (137.55 sq km)1811List
San Sebastián Town13139,34542,43070.42 sq mi (182.39 sq km)1752List
Santa Isabel Town13320,28123,27434.02 sq mi (88.119 sq km)1842List
Toa Alta City13566,85274,06627.02 sq mi (69.98 sq km)1751List
Toa Baja City13775,29389,60923.24 sq mi (60.19 sq km)1745List
Trujillo Alto City13967,74074,84220.76 sq mi (53.77 sq km)1801List
Utuado Town14128,28733,149113.53 sq mi (294.04 sq km)1739List
Vega Alta Town14335,39539,95127.73 sq mi (71.82 sq km)1775List
Vega Baja City14554,41459,66245.86 sq mi (118.78 sq km)1776List
Vieques Town1478,2499,30150.77 sq mi (131.49 sq km)1852List
Villalba Town14922,09326,07335.64 sq mi (92.31 sq km)1917List
Yabucoa Town15130,41237,94155.21 sq mi (142.99 sq km)1793List
Yauco Town15334,17242,04368.19 sq mi (176.61 sq km)1756List

Most populated municipalities

  • Municipalities with more than 100,000 inhabitants
  • San Juan, the largest municipality and capital of Puerto Rico.
  • Bayamón, the second largest municipality of Puerto Rico, located just west of San Juan.
  • Carolina, the third largest municipality of Puerto Rico, located just east of San Juan.
  • Ponce, the fourth largest municipality of Puerto Rico and the largest municipality outside the San Juan metropolitan area.
  • Caguas, the fifth largest municipality of Puerto Rico.

Racial composition

The following is an alphabetical list of the municipalities and their population together with a breakdown of their racial composition.

Municipality (2020)White
(both Hispanic and Non-Hispanic)[19][20]		Black
(Both Hispanic and Non-Hispanic)[21]		Amerindian
(Both Hispanic and Non-Hispanic)		Asian
(Both Hispanic and Non-Hispanic)		Two or more races or some other race
(Both Hispanic and Non-Hispanic)		Hispanic
(Of any Race)
Adjuntas22.23.44.20.165.199.7
Aguada22.74.13.00.263.599.3
Aguadilla21.04.13.50.262.998.4
Aguas Buenas14.57.23.30.361.499.5
Aibonito19.45.43.30.164.899.1
Añasco18.45.73.40.263.999.0
Arecibo19.04.62.20.266.699.3
Arroyo11.512.51.90.460.499.1
Barceloneta15.84.12.40.267.499.5
Barranquitas20.85.22.10.166.299.7
Bayamón17.96.23.00.362.599.0
Cabo Rojo20.33.82.80.265.798.8
Caguas15.96.33.10.363.999.2
Camuy22.73.83.00.164.299.1
Canóvanas13.415.12.60.350.399.3
Carolina14.211.62.60.455.598.5
Cataño13.08.22.90.362.099.0
Cayey17.46.32.50.265.399.4
Ceiba16.09.82.60.457.298.2
Ciales20.82.92.10.369.699.5
Cidra19.56.82.70.162.699.5
Coamo20.07.42.80.261.699.4
Comerío16.96.44.10.263.399.6
Corozal19.83.72.50.267.799.5
Culebra17.78.01.71.151.889.2
Dorado17.67.53.10.658.196.6
Fajardo14.59.32.50.461.398.2
Florida13.82.11.40.374.999.5
Guánica17.15.22.70.267.299.1
Guayama19.09.62.60.256.699.3
Guayanilla18.15.13.60.164.799.6
Guaynabo17.24.82.60.466.297.9
Gurabo15.27.13.30.261.899.2
Hatillo21.23.52.50.266.199.2
Hormigueros18.85.12.80.265.099.2
Humacao13.58.82.50.362.498.0
Isabela17.54.02.40.267.198.7
Jayuya23.32.43.30.165.899.5
Juana Díaz14.58.02.70.263.899.5
Juncos13.09.32.90.261.099.4
Lajas18.94.12.60.267.499.3
Lares20.52.22.50.170.199.3
Las Marías17.23.53.10.369.499.2
Las Piedras15.68.32.90.260.399.4
Loíza5.831.81.60.227.799.4
Luquillo17.212.12.70.354.197.1
Manatí17.14.32.20.267.899.3
Maricao22.27.83.70.561.099.5
Maunabo9.116.72.00.256.099.4
Mayagüez19.74.63.00.363.298.7
Moca17.03.12.60.170.899.6
Morovis19.13.42.50.269.499.6
Naguabo13.39.22.40.263.299.2
Naranjito20.76.43.30.261.099.6
Orocovis16.35.36.40.262.699.6
Patillas15.912.32.60.257.299.3
Peñuelas23.16.73.80.157.299.5
Ponce19.04.93.00.364.499.1
Quebradillas25.43.43.20.262.699.2
Rincón21.45.94.90.258.594.9
Río Grande14.714.72.60.350.498.8
Sabana Grande19.94.02.40.266.699.4
Salinas16.39.83.80.257.699.2
San Germán18.54.63.80.364.199.2
San Juan14.48.22.70.560.297.8
San Lorenzo14.06.62.70.266.099.5
San Sebastián19.22.12.90.170.499.4
Santa Isabel15.78.22.60.260.899.4
Toa Alta16.25.82.70.265.899.4
Toa Baja16.310.12.20.359.199.0
Trujillo Alto14.28.02.30.262.699.1
Utuado21.62.44.00.266.399.2
Vega Alta12.47.32.40.366.698.8
Vega Baja18.56.43.50.261.299.3
Vieques18.815.22.60.452.292.0
Villalba15.56.22.90.265.499.6
Yabucoa16.59.72.60.260.699.4
Yauco21.44.73.20.263.599.4
Puerto Rico17.17.02.80.362.398.9

Politics

The municipalities elect a mayor and a municipal legislature in the general elections every four years.

Finances

In 2012, 36 of the 78 municipalities (46%) were experiencing a budget deficit.[22] In total, the combined debt carried by the municipalities stands at about US$590 million.[a]

  Surplus    Deficit
MunicipalityMayor's partyPopulation[16]Surplus or deficit[24]Surplus or deficit per capita[24]Public debt[24]Public debt per capita[24]
AdjuntasPNP19,483
$525,858
$26.99
$
$
AguadaPPD41,959
$2,209,807
$52.67
$
$
AguadillaPNP60,949
$10,220,728
$167.69
$
$
Aguas BuenasPPD28,659
$(1,638,355)
$(57.17)
$9,183,000
$320.42
AibonitoPNP25,900
$681,875
$26.33
$
$
AñascoPPD29,261
$2,074,042
$70.88
$
$
AreciboPNP96,440
$(17,784,327)
$(184.41)
$63,403,451
$657.44
ArroyoPPD19,575
$(390,219)
$(19.93)
$10,521,000
$537.47
BarcelonetaPPD24,816
$(8,833,426)
$(355.96)
$59,354,780
$2,391.79
BarranquitasPNP30,318
$6,673,615
$220.12
$
$
BayamónPNP208,116
$4,179,967
$20.08
$243,233,534
$1,168.74
Cabo RojoPPD50,917
$(60,841)
$(1.19)
$35,561,000
$698.41
CaguasPPD142,893
$16,938,668
$118.54
$267,248,251
$1,870.27
CamuyPNP35,159
$(1,810,542)
$(51.50)
$11,603,000
$330.02
CanóvanasPNP47,648
$203,324
$4.27
$
$
CarolinaPPD176,762
$32,757,250
$185.32
$350,605,890
$1,983.49
CatañoPPD28,140
$(11,320,761)
$(402.30)
$47,386,000
$1,683.94
CayeyPPD48,119
$7,544,584
$156.79
$
$
CeibaPNP13,631
$1,833,525
$134.51
$
$
CialesPPD18,782
$(5,465,145)
$(290.98)
$9,829,100
$523.33
CidraPNP43,480
$(1,053,391)
$(24.23)
$29,445,000
$677.21
CoamoPPD40,512
$1,672,291
$41.28
$
$
ComeríoPPD20,778
$188,417
$9.07
$
$
CorozalPPD37,142
$854,163
$23.00
$
$
CulebraPPD1,818
$802,707
$441.53
$
$
DoradoPPD38,165
$2,620,615
$68.67
$
$
FajardoPNP36,993
$17,821,689
$481.76
$
$
FloridaPNP12,680
$(1,619,740)
$(127.74)
$3,702,000
$291.96
GuánicaPNP19,427
$(5,319,384)
$(273.81)
$8,815,000
$453.75
GuayamaPPD45,362
$1,987,097
$43.81
$
$
GuayanillaPPD21,581
$(2,706,166)
$(125.40)
$16,818,000
$779.30
GuaynaboPNP97,924
$8,216,448
$83.91
$290,116,691
$2,962.67
GuraboPNP45,369
$(5,797,927)
$(127.79)
$46,390,045
$1,022.51
HatilloPPD41,953
$(1,024,986)
$(24.43)
$15,456,830
$368.43
HormiguerosPPD17,250
$1,288,509
$74.70
$
$
HumacaoPPD58,466
$11,360,216
$194.30
$
$
IsabelaPPD45,631
$24,738,813
$542.15
$16,397,000
$359.34
JayuyaPPD16,642
$629,946
$37.85
$
$
Juana DíazPPD79,897
$32,789,400
$97.89
$22,005,000
$433.62
JuncosPPD40,290
$(2,994,898)
$(74.33)
$44,404,819
$1,102.13
LajasPPD25,753
$(1,988,168)
$(77.20)
$11,075,000
$430.05
LaresPNP30,753
$(3,361,629)
$(109.31)
$5,339,000
$173.61
Las MaríasPPD9,881
$660,746
$66.87
$
$
Las PiedrasPNP38,675
$362,063
$9.36
$
$
LoízaPNP30,060
$(3,171,401)
$(105.50)
$9,207,000
$306.29
LuquilloPPD20,068
$1,646,739
$82.06
$
$
ManatíPNP44,113
$(12,622,526)
$(286.14)
$52,688,487
$1,194.40
MaricaoPNP6,276
$(1,812,106)
$(288.74)
$10,928,300
$1,741.28
MaunaboPPD12,225
$(2,678,351)
$(219.09)
$8,600,000
$703.48
MayagüezPPD89,080
$10,816,117
$121.42
$
$
MocaPNP40,109
$632,570
$15.77
$
$
MorovisPNP32,610
$(3,742,360)
$(114.76)
$20,239,020
$620.64
NaguaboPNP26,720
$(3,737,140)
$(139.86)
$7,905,100
$295.85
NaranjitoPNP30,402
$1,581,161
$52.01
$
$
OrocovisPNP23,423
$367,461
$15.69
$
$
PatillasPPD19,277
$(6,001,248)
$(311.32)
$17,179,000
$891.17
PeñuelasPPD24,282
$4,106,788
$169.13
$
$
PoncePNP166,327
$(18,480,789)
$(111.11)
$190,625,905
$1,146.09
QuebradillasPPD25,919
$2,327,410
$89.80
$
$
RincónPPD15,200
$1,992,326
$131.07
$
$
Río GrandePPD54,304
$(4,147,852)
$(76.38)
$32,059,000
$590.36
Sabana GrandePPD25,265
$(2,835,535)
$(112.23)
$10,176,423
$402.79
SalinasPPD31,078
$(8,546,853)
$(275.01)
$14,650,000
$471.39
San GermánPPD35,527
$760,077
$21.39
$
$
San JuanPPD395,326
$(45,455,571)
$(114.98)
$668,238,329
$1,690.35
San LorenzoPPD41,058
$(2,998,994)
$(73.04)
$27,034,000
$658.43
San SebastiánPNP42,430
$2,296,524
$54.13
$
$
Santa IsabelPNP23,274
$(3,900,907)
$(167.61)
$23,273,736
$999.99
Toa AltaPPD74,066
$(3,387,399)
$(45.73)
$33,140,000
$447.44
Toa BajaPNP89,609
$(10,543,311)
$(117.66)
$116,363,919
$1,298.57
Trujillo AltoPPD74,842
$(1,736,394)
$(23.20)
$55,516,000
$741.78
UtuadoPPD33,149
$(3,007,984)
$(90.74)
$8,174,000
$246.58
Vega AltaPNP39,951
$3,408,501
$85.32
$
$
Vega BajaPPD59,662
$(1,849,612)
$(31.00)
$44,303,000
$742.57
ViequesPPD9,301
$(6,672,774)
$(717.43)
$12,420,100
$1,335.35
VillalbaPPD26,073
$(2,228,520)
$(85.47)
$9,969,216
$382.36
YabucoaPPD37,941
$(2,216,509)
$(58.42)
$17,394,380
$458.46
YaucoPNP42,043
$(5,049,263)
$(120.10)
$39,904,000
$949.12

Amalgamation

Multiple times, politicians have discussed and proposed consolidating Puerto Rico's municipalities but so far no proposals has been adopted. In 1902 the Puerto Rico legislature, under pressure from the U.S.-appointed governor of Puerto Rico, passed a law consolidating the then-76 municipalities of Puerto Rico into 46.[25] The law was repealed three years later.[26][27] In October 2009, a Puerto Rican legislator proposed a bill that would reduce the current 78 municipalities of Puerto Rico down to 20. The bill called for a referendum to take place on June 13, 2010, which would let the people decide on the matter.[28] However, the bill never made into law.[29] With the Puerto Rican government-debt crisis that emerged in the first half of 2010s, a new plan to consolidate municipalities was again circulated in the legislature in 2017 as a way to alleviate the government debt crisis.[30][31] In March 2019, then Governor Ricardo Rosselló created an initiative that would preserve the existing municipalities but create regional consolidation by sharing service overhead in the form of counties but he resigned prior to anything coming of his proposal.[32]

See also

Notes

References

External links

Retrieved from "https:https://www.search.com.vn/wiki/index.php?lang=en&q=Municipalities_of_Puerto_Rico&oldid=1225885217"
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