Teleosteomorpha

Teleosteomorpha; Temporal range: Middle Triassic–present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Thunnus maccoyii, a teleost
	Vinctifer comptoni, an aspidorhynchiform
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Subclass:	Neopterygii
Infraclass:	Teleosteomorpha; Arratia, 2001
Subdivisions
	†Aspidorhynchiformes; †Pachycormiformes; †Pholidophoridae; †Dorsetichthys; †Leptolepidae; †Ichthyodectiformes; Teleostei (crown group); Others, see text

Teleosteomorpha is a clade of ray-finned fishes containing all teleost fish and their closest extinct relatives.^[1] Also in this group are two diverse Mesozoic fish orders, the Aspidorhynchiformes and the Pachycormiformes.^[2] Several other non-teleostomorph teleosteans existed throughout the Mesozoic, although not as dominant as the two main clades in the group.

Shared morphological features of this group include a autosphenotic bone lacking a dermal component, the lack of a canal bearing part of the antorbital bone, the lack of vertebral centra fused into the occipital condyle in adult individuals, and each hypural (caudal fin support) being articulated with caudal rays.^[3]

The oldest known teleosteomorph is Prohalecites from the Triassic of Italy.^[2] The last surviving non-teleostean teleosteomorph was Belonostomus, which survived into the Late Paleocene.

Taxonomy

Cladogram of Teleosteomorpha after Sferco et al. 2021:^[4]

Teleosteomorpha

Siemensichythys

Luisiellidae

Tharsis dubius

Varasichthyidae

Ascalabos

	Ichthyodectiformes

	Teleostei crown group (including Crossognathiformes)

(Teleostei total group)

The cladogram below is simplified after a phylogenetic analysis by Bean (2021).^[5]

Ankylophoridae

Ascalaboidae

	Varasichthyidae

	Crown group Teleostei

Teleosteomorpha contains both the smallest (Paedocypris progenetica, above) and the largest (Leedsichthys problematicus, below) known ray-finned fish to have ever existed.

Where applicable, taxonomic order is based on the 5th edition of Fishes of the World:^[2]

Infraclass Teleosteomorpha
- Genus †Ruedersdorfia^[6]
- Genus †Seinstedtia^[7]
- Family †Atacamichthyidae
- Family †Barschichthyidae^[6]
- Family †Ichthyokentemidae
- Family †Marcopoloichthyidae
- Order †Prohaleciteiformes
- Division †Aspidorhynchei (Early Jurassic to Paleocene, not always found to be monophyletic)
  - Order †Aspidorhynchiformes
  - Order †Pachycormiformes
- Division Teleostei (Middle Triassic to present)
  - Family †Archaeomaenidae
  - Family †Koonwarriidae
  - Family †Luisiellidae
  - Family †Pleuropholidae
  - Family †Siyuichthyidae
  - Family †Varasichthyidae^[8]
  - Order †Ankylophoriformes
  - Order †?Araripichthyiformes
  - Order †Ascalaboidiformes
  - Order †Catervarioliformes
  - Order †?Ligulelliiformes
  - Order †Pholidophoriformes
  - Order †Dorsetichthyiformes
  - Order †Leptolepidiformes
  - Order †Ichthyodectiformes
  - Supercohort Teleocephala
    - Order †Crossognathiformes (excluding Varasichthyidae)^[8]
    - Cohort Elopomorpha
      - Order Elopiformes, including the ladyfishes and tarpon
      - Order Albuliformes, the bonefishes
      - Order Notacanthiformes, including the halosaurs and spiny eels
      - Order Anguilliformes, the true eels
    - Clade Osteoglossocephala
      - Cohort Osteoglossomorpha
        Order †Lycopteriformes
        Order Osteoglossiformes, the bony-tongued fishes
        Order Hiodontiformes, including the mooneye and goldeye
      - Clade Clupeocephala
        Family †Orthogonikleithridae
        Order †Tselfatiiformes
        Cohort Otocephala
        Superorder Clupeomorpha
        Order †Ellimmichthyiformes
        Order Clupeiformes, including herrings and anchovies
        Superorder Ostariophysi
        Order †Sorbininardiformes
        Order Gonorynchiformes, including the milkfishes
        Order Cypriniformes, including barbs, carp, danios, goldfishes, loaches, minnows, rasboras
        Order Characiformes, including characins, pencilfishes, hatchetfishes, piranhas, tetras.
        Order Gymnotiformes, including electric eels and knifefishes
        Order Siluriformes, the catfishes
        Cohort Euteleostei
        Order Lepidogalaxiiformes, the salamanderfish
        Superorder Protacanthopterygii
        Order Salmoniformes, including salmon, Arctic char, and trout
        Order Esociformes, the pikes and mudminnows
        Superorder Osmeromorpha
        Order Argentiniformes, including the barreleyes and slickheads (formerly in Osmeriformes)
        Order Galaxiiformes, the galaxiids
        Order Osmeriformes, including the smelts
        Order Stomiiformes, including the bristlemouths and marine hatchetfishes
        Clade Neoteleostei
        Superorder Ateleopodomorpha
        Order Ateleopodiformes, the jellynose fish
        Clade Eurypterygii
        Superorder Cyclosquamata
        Order Aulopiformes, including the Bombay duck, tripod fish, and lancetfishes
        Clade Ctenosquamata
        Superorder Scopelomorpha
        Order Myctophiformes, including the lanternfishes
        Clade Acanthomorpha
        Order †Ctenothrissiformes
        Superorder Lampridiomorpha
        Order Lampriformes, including the oarfish, opah and ribbonfishes
        Clade Euacanthomorpha
        Superorder Paracanthopterygii
        Order Polymixiiformes, the beardfishes
        Order †Sphenocephaliformes
        Order Percopsiformes, including the cavefishes and trout-perches
        Order Zeiformes, including the dories
        Order Gadiformes, including cods
        Superorder Acanthopterygii
        Series Berycida
        Order Holocentriformes, including soldierfishes and squirrelfishes
        Order Trachichthyiformes, including slimeheads and fangtooths
        Order Beryciformes, including alfonsinos and pineconefishes
        Series Percomorpha
        Order Ophidiiformes, including the pearlfishes and cusk-eels
        Order Batrachoidiformes, the toadfishes
        Order Kurtiformes, including the cardinalfishes
        Order Gobiiformes, including the gobies
        Subseries Ovalentaria, including glassfishes, basslets, damselfishes, jawfishes, and others
        Order Mugiliformes, the mullets
        Order Cichliformes, the cichlids and convict blenny
        Order Blenniiformes, the blennies
        Order Gobiesociformes, the clingfishes^[9]
        Order Atheriniformes, including silversides and rainbowfishes
        Order Beloniformes, including the flyingfishes
        Order Cyprinodontiformes, including live-bearers, killifishes
        Order Synbranchiformes, including the swamp eels
        Order Carangiformes, including the jacks
        Order Istiophoriformes, the billfishes and barracudas
        Order Anabantiformes, including gouramis and snakeheads
        Order Pleuronectiformes, the flatfishes
        Order Syngnathiformes, including the seahorses and pipefishes^[10]
        Order Icosteiformes, the ragfish
        Order Callionymiformes, including the dragonets
        Order Scombralabraciformes, the longfin escolar
        Order Scombriformes, including mackerel and tunas
        Order Trachiniformes, including swallowers and stargazers
        Order Labriformes, including wrasses and parrotfishes
        Order Perciformes, including perches, scats, groupers, butterflyfishes, angelfishes, and others
        Order Scorpaeniformes, including scorpionfishes and the sculpins
        Order Moroniformes, including the temperate basses and spadefishes
        Order Acanthuriformes, including drums, surgeonfishes, and Moorish idols
        Order Spariformes, the breams and porgies
        Order Caproiformes, the boarfishes
        Order Lophiiformes, including the anglerfishes
        Order Tetraodontiformes, including the sunfish, filefishes and pufferfish

References

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

Teleosteomorpha Temporal range: Middle Triassic–present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Thunnus maccoyii, a teleost

Vinctifer comptoni, an aspidorhynchiform
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Subclass:	Neopterygii
Infraclass:	Teleosteomorpha Arratia, 2001
Subdivisions
†Aspidorhynchiformes †Pachycormiformes †Pholidophoridae †Dorsetichthys †Leptolepidae †Ichthyodectiformes Teleostei (crown group) Others, see text