Baarin Left Banner (Mongolian: ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ; Chinese: 巴林左旗), or Bairin, is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, China, under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Chifeng.[2][3] The banner spans an area of 6,644 square kilometers,[3] and as of 2018, has a population of 340,020.[4] Baarin Mongols live here.[citation needed] The distinct Mongolian dialect of this region is called Baarin.[citation needed] It is located at the intersection of two national highways: China National Highway 303 and 305.
Bairin Left Banner 巴林左旗 • ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ | |
|---|---|
 Lindong South Pagoda from the ruins of Shangjing | |
  Bairin Left Location in Inner Mongolia  Bairin Left Bairin Left (China) | |
| Coordinates (Bairin Left Banner government): 43°57′39″N 119°21′48″E / 43.9608°N 119.3632°E | |
| Country | China |
| Autonomous region | Inner Mongolia |
| Prefecture-level city | Chifeng |
| Banner seat | Lindong |
| Area | |
| • Total | 6,644 km2 (2,565 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 484 m (1,588 ft) |
| Population (2020)[1] | |
| • Total | 277,522 |
| • Density | 42/km2 (110/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 025450 |
| Area code | 0476 |
| Website | www |
| Bairin Left Banner | |||||||
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| Chinese name | |||||||
| Chinese | 巴林左旗 | ||||||
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| Mongolian name | |||||||
| Mongolian Cyrillic | Бааарин зүүн хошуу | ||||||
| Mongolian script | ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ | ||||||
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History
Balin Left Banner has a long history, with archaeological digs dating to the 40th Century BC.[5] Archaeological relics uncovered in the banner are believed to include those of the Hongshan culture and the Fuhe culture.[5]
Around the time China was undergoing the Warring States period, the area of Bairin Left Banner was home to the Shanrong and Donghu people.[5] Later, the area would be home to the Wuhuan and the Xianbei.[5]
During the first few centuries of the Common Era, the area was home to the Khitan people and the Kumo Xi.[5]
In 918 CE, the capital of the Khitan-led Liao Dynasty, Shangjing (Chinese: 上京), was built in present-day Bairin Left Banner.[5] From 918 CE to 938 it was known as Huangdu (皇都).[5]
During the time of the Republic of China, many Han Chinese began moving to the area.[5]
On March 1, 1933, the banner, then known as Lindong County (林东县; 林東縣), was invaded by Japanese forces, who occupied the county until August 10, 1945.[5]
On June 1, 1946, the Chinese Communist Party established its local government in the area, the Lindong Administrative Committee (林东行政委员会; 林東行政委員會).[5]
From the establishment of the People's Republic of China throughout the early 1980s, the area underwent numerous administrative reorganizations, culminating in October 1983, with the placement of the Bairin Left Banner under the prefecture-level city of Chifeng.[5]
Climate
Baarin Left Banner has a continental, semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk), with very cold and dry winters, hot, somewhat humid summers, and strong winds, especially in spring. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −13.1 °C (8.4 °F) in January to 22.8 °C (73.0 °F) in July, with the annual mean at 5.89 °C (42.6 °F). The annual precipitation is approximately 370 millimetres (14.6 in), with more than half of it falling in July and August alone. Due to the aridity and elevation, diurnal temperature variation often exceeds 15 °C (27 °F) in spring, averaging 13.7 °C (24.7 °F) annually. There are 2,934 hours of bright sunshine annually, with each of the winter months having over 70% of the possible total, and this percentage falling to 52 in July.
| Climate data for Baarin Left Banner (1991–2018 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 9.5 (49.1) | 18.7 (65.7) | 28.7 (83.7) | 33.4 (92.1) | 39.1 (102.4) | 39.9 (103.8) | 38.0 (100.4) | 38.8 (101.8) | 36.0 (96.8) | 30.7 (87.3) | 22.5 (72.5) | 12.0 (53.6) | 39.9 (103.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −6.0 (21.2) | −1.2 (29.8) | 6.0 (42.8) | 15.9 (60.6) | 23.4 (74.1) | 27.4 (81.3) | 29.2 (84.6) | 28.1 (82.6) | 23.0 (73.4) | 14.5 (58.1) | 3.1 (37.6) | −4.4 (24.1) | 13.3 (55.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −12.7 (9.1) | −8.6 (16.5) | −1.1 (30.0) | 8.6 (47.5) | 16.4 (61.5) | 21.1 (70.0) | 23.5 (74.3) | 21.6 (70.9) | 15.3 (59.5) | 7.0 (44.6) | −3.7 (25.3) | −10.9 (12.4) | 6.4 (43.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −18.4 (−1.1) | −15.2 (4.6) | −8.2 (17.2) | 1.0 (33.8) | 8.7 (47.7) | 14.4 (57.9) | 17.8 (64.0) | 15.3 (59.5) | 7.9 (46.2) | 0.2 (32.4) | −9.4 (15.1) | −16.3 (2.7) | −0.2 (31.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −32.2 (−26.0) | −31.2 (−24.2) | −30.9 (−23.6) | −14.9 (5.2) | −4.8 (23.4) | 2.4 (36.3) | 6.2 (43.2) | 5.4 (41.7) | −6.1 (21.0) | −12.7 (9.1) | −30.9 (−23.6) | −28.8 (−19.8) | −32.2 (−26.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 1.0 (0.04) | 1.4 (0.06) | 4.0 (0.16) | 10.9 (0.43) | 26.0 (1.02) | 81.5 (3.21) | 122.5 (4.82) | 71.4 (2.81) | 29.7 (1.17) | 13.0 (0.51) | 3.8 (0.15) | 1.1 (0.04) | 366.3 (14.42) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.6 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 3.9 | 6.8 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 9.7 | 6.9 | 3.7 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 65.1 |
| Average snowy days | 2.2 | 2.3 | 3.5 | 1.9 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.2 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 16.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 48 | 42 | 38 | 34 | 38 | 55 | 66 | 66 | 58 | 48 | 50 | 50 | 49 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 222.6 | 237.7 | 282.0 | 282.1 | 300.6 | 269.4 | 267.3 | 281.2 | 268.8 | 255.2 | 212.4 | 205.1 | 3,084.4 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 77 | 80 | 76 | 70 | 66 | 58 | 58 | 66 | 73 | 76 | 74 | 75 | 71 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[6][7][8] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Fuhezhen, Bairin Left Banner (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −8.5 (16.7) | −3.9 (25.0) | 3.7 (38.7) | 13.8 (56.8) | 21.5 (70.7) | 25.8 (78.4) | 27.7 (81.9) | 26.4 (79.5) | 21.5 (70.7) | 12.7 (54.9) | 1.2 (34.2) | −6.9 (19.6) | 11.2 (52.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −14.1 (6.6) | −10.5 (13.1) | −3.2 (26.2) | 6.4 (43.5) | 14.3 (57.7) | 19.3 (66.7) | 21.6 (70.9) | 19.5 (67.1) | 13.5 (56.3) | 5.1 (41.2) | −5.2 (22.6) | −12.4 (9.7) | 4.5 (40.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −18.5 (−1.3) | −15.9 (3.4) | −9.6 (14.7) | −1.0 (30.2) | 6.6 (43.9) | 12.5 (54.5) | 15.7 (60.3) | 13.3 (55.9) | 6.4 (43.5) | −1.2 (29.8) | −10.3 (13.5) | −16.8 (1.8) | −1.6 (29.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 0.6 (0.02) | 1.7 (0.07) | 3.3 (0.13) | 9.7 (0.38) | 34.2 (1.35) | 80.8 (3.18) | 113.9 (4.48) | 74.9 (2.95) | 33.0 (1.30) | 12.9 (0.51) | 4.4 (0.17) | 1.4 (0.06) | 370.8 (14.6) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.3 | 1.6 | 3.0 | 4.4 | 7.7 | 13.3 | 14.7 | 11.0 | 7.3 | 4.0 | 2.7 | 2.0 | 73 |
| Average snowy days | 3.3 | 3.7 | 5.5 | 3.8 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 2.9 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 29.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 54 | 50 | 45 | 38 | 41 | 57 | 69 | 70 | 59 | 50 | 54 | 57 | 54 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 213.7 | 227.1 | 274.3 | 275.7 | 292.9 | 270.9 | 265.3 | 280.0 | 256.7 | 246.9 | 203.6 | 190.9 | 2,998 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 74 | 76 | 74 | 68 | 64 | 59 | 57 | 65 | 69 | 74 | 72 | 70 | 69 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[6][9] | |||||||||||||
Administrative divisions
Bairin Left Banner is divided into 2 subdistricts, 7 towns, 2 townships and 2 sums.[10] The banner's seat of government is the town of Lindong.[3]
| Name | Simplified Chinese[10] | Hanyu Pinyin | Mongolian (Hudum Script)[11][better source needed] | Mongolian (Cyrillic)[citation needed] | Administrative division code[10] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subdistricts | |||||
| Lindong Xicheng Subdistrict | 林东西城街道 | Líndōng Xīchéng Jiēdào | ᠯᠢᠨᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠭᠤᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ | Линдонгийн баруун хотын зээл гудамж | 150422403 |
| Lindong Dongcheng Subdistrict | 林东东城街道 | Líndōng Dōngchéng Jiēdào | ᠯᠢᠨᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠡᠯᠢ ᠭᠤᠳᠤᠮᠵᠢ | Линдонгийн зүүн хотын зээл гудамж | 150422404 |
| Towns | |||||
| Lindong | 林东镇 | Líndōng Zhèn | ᠯᠢᠨᠳᠦ᠋ᠩ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ | Линдон балгас | 150422100 |
| Longchang | 隆昌镇 | Lóngchāng Zhèn | ᠯᠦᠩᠴᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ | Лүнцан балгас | 150422101 |
| Shisan Obo | 十三敖包镇 | Shísān'áobāo Zhèn | ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ | Арван гураван овоо балгас | 150422102 |
| Biliutai | 碧流台镇 | Bìliútái Zhèn | ᠪᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ | Билүүтэй балгас | 150422103 |
| Fuhe | 富河镇 | Fùhé Zhèn | ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠾᠧ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ | Фү ге балгас | 150422104 |
| Bayan Ul | 白音勿拉镇 | Báiyīnwùlā Zhèn | ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨ᠌ᠠ᠋ᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ | Баянуул балгас | 150422105 |
| Har Had | 哈拉哈达镇 | Hālāhādá Zhèn | ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ | Хархида балгас | 150422106 |
| Townships | |||||
| Sanshan Township | 三山乡 | Sānshān Xiāng | ᠰᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ | Сан шин шиян | 150422202 |
| Hua Jalag Township | 花加拉嘎乡 | Huājiālāgā Xiāng | ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ | Хуажлаа шиян | 150422203 |
| Sums | |||||
| Qagan Had Sum | 查干哈达苏木 | Chágànhādá Sūmù | ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠠᠳᠠ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ | Цаанахта сум | 150422200 |
| Ulan Daba Sum | 乌兰达坝苏木 | Wūlándábà Sūmù | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠳᠠᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ | Улаантавга сум | 150422201 |
| Other Township-level Divisions | |||||
| Lindong Industrial Park | 林东产业园 | Líndōng Chǎnyè Yuán | 150422405 | ||