The Brahmin dynasty of Sindh (c. 632– 712),[2] also known as the Chacha dynasty,[3] was the ruling dynasty of the Sindh, succeeding the Rai dynasty. Most of the information about its existence comes from the Chach Nama, a historical account of the Chach-Brahmin dynasty.[4]
Brahmin dynasty | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capital | Aror | ||||||||
| Common languages | Sanskrit, Sindhi | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Maharaja | |||||||||
• 632–671 | Chach | ||||||||
• 671–679 | Chandar | ||||||||
• 695–712 | Dahir | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Chach founds the empire | 632 CE | ||||||||
• Annexed by the Umayyad Caliphate | 724 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Pakistan India Iran | ||||||||
The members of the dynasty continued to administer parts of Sindh under the Umayyad Caliphate's Caliphal province of Sind after it fell in 712.[2] These rulers include Hullishāh and Shishah.[2]
History
The dynasty was founded by a Brahmin named Chach of Aror after he married the widow of Rai Sahasi II and usurped the Buddhist Rai dynasty. His claim was further secured by the killing of Rai Sahasi II's brother.[2][5]
The casus belli for the Ummayad invasion was Sindhi pirates seizing tribute sent from the king of Serendib to the Ummayad Caliph. For the campaign Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan granted a large army to the governor Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, but no attempt was made to annex Sindh due to the caliph's death. Under his son and successor Al-Walid I, the general Muhammad bin Qasim led Islamic invasion of Sindh in 712.
During the conflict local Buddhist clans who maintained loyalty to the previous Rai dynasty such as the Jats, allied themselves with the Ummayads against Dahir. The last Hindu king of Sindh Raja Dahir was killed during the battle of Aror and Sindh was annexed into the Ummayad Caliphate.[6]
Rulers
The known rulers of the Brahmin dynasty are:[2]
Under the Umayyad Caliphate:
- Dahirsiya (r. c. 679 – c. 709– from Brahmanabad)
- Hullishāh (r. c. 712 – c. 724– )
- Shishah (r. 724– )
Sindh. Chach of Alor. Pracandendra. Circa 632-671 CE. AR Damma (11mm, 0.64 g, 2h). Obverse: Crowned head right; swastika to right. Reverse: Large trident
Sindh. Multan. ‘Śri Tapana’. Circa 675-700 CE. AR Damma (12mm, 0.62 g, 8h) Head right; śri in Brahmi on forehead Stylized fire altar surmounted by three pellets; tapan and rja in Brahmi around
._Crowned_head_right;_swastika_to_right_Large_trident.jpg)
_Head_right;_%C5%9Bri_in_Brahmi_on_forehead_Stylized_fire_altar_surmounted_by_three_pellets;_tapan_and_rja_in_Brahmi_around.jpg)