Brazos Santiago Pass is a natural coastal landform located in the Lower Laguna Madre and Lower Rio Grande Valley on the furthest southern beach terrain of the Texas Gulf Coast.[2] The seacoast passage is interpolated by barrier islands encompassing the southern Brazos Island and the northern South Padre Island.[3]
| Brazos Santiago Pass | |
|---|---|
 Coast Survey of Brazos Santiago Pass ca. 1867[1] | |
 Illustration of Brazos Santiago Pass | |
  Location on Texas Gulf Seacoast  Brazos Santiago Pass (Texas) (the United States) | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| Coordinates | 26°03′56″N 97°09′31″W / 26.06563°N 97.15858°W |
| Specifications | |
| Length | 1.14 miles (1.83 km) |
| NOAA NDBC | Brazos Santiago ~ BZST2 |
| History | |
| Former names |
|
| Modern name | Brazos Santiago Inlet |
| Current owner | State of Texas |
| Geography | |
| Direction | West |
| Start point | Gulf of Mexico |
| End point | Port Isabel |
| Beginning coordinates | 26°03′59″N 97°08′42″W / 26.06631°N 97.14496°W |
| Ending coordinates | 26°03′59″N 97°09′50″W / 26.06632°N 97.16395°W |
| Branch(es) | Laguna Madre |
| Branch of |
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| Connects to | |
| GNIS feature ID | 1372708 |
The waterway inlet is a navigable strait spanning a water depth of 42 feet (13 m) and a waterway channel distance of 1.14 miles (1.83 km). The Brazos Santiago channel and seaward approach is defined by parallel jetties designed with a breakwater separation of .25 miles (0.40 km). The jetty harbor development sustains the passage entrance from coastal erosion, coastal sediment transport, longshore drift, and sandbank shoals. The South Padre Island jetty is .6 miles (0.97 km) from the Padre Island shoreline annexed by the Boca Chica jetty extending .3 miles (0.48 km) into the Brazos Island continental margin.
The natural ocean inlet has a shoreline distance on Brazos Island of 7.5 miles (12.1 km) to the Rio Grande often entitled as the Mexico–United States border.
In 1850, the 31st United States Congress authorized the Lighthouse Service Act as enacted into law by 13th President of the United States Millard Fillmore on September 28, 1850.[4] In 1851, the United States Lighthouse Board was convened as a quasi-military board fostering guardianship as applicable toterrestrial navigation services for maritime transport by the United States Lighthouse Service.
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In 1853, a nautical beacon was initially established on South Padre Island with a proximity to the Brazos Island Military Depot originally entitled Fort Polk during the Mexican–American War.[6][7][8] The navigation beacon had a 30 feet (9.1 m) vertical height situated on a square platform with a 15 feet (4.6 m) width. The structural design was constructed of wood equipped with a square copper lantern hoisted by block and tackle to the pinnacle. The beacon was visually completed with 5 feet (1.5 m) artillery wheels secured to a 19 feet (5.8 m) oak axletree for to and fro mobility on the barrier island coastline.[9]
In 1879, a screw-pile lighthouse was established in the intertidal zone of the Lower Laguna Madre with a geographic proximity to the Brazos Santiago Pass.[10] The deep foundation architecture was acknowledged as a notable landmark sight for sixty years within the Texas international boundary region of the Lower Rio Grande Valley coast.[11][12] The foundation was developed with screw piles anchored into the estuarial seabed of the Lower Laguna Madre.[13][14][15] The upper quarters were structured as a 1½ storey hexagonal Cape Cod style cottage built of timbers completed with a fourth-order fresnel lens located at the pinnacle.[16][17]
The stilt structure had a visibility from the brackish water bearing 150 yards (140 m) from the South Padre Island shore and 750 yards (690 m) from the Brazos Santiago Pass.[18][19]
Locale of Brazos Santiago Pass Screw-Pile Lighthouse |
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 Brazos Santiago screw-pile lighthouse |
The Rivers and Harbors Act established a declaration of governance for the natural waterway of the Brazos Santiago Pass. The Act of Congress granted coastal engineering, coastal management, and public works projects for the natural inland waterway during the late nineteenth century to the twentieth century.
The Brazos Island and South Padre Island landform development proposals were endorsed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers sustaining the beach evolution at the Brazos Island Harbor natural inlet.[20][21][22]
U.S. Statutes for Navigable Waterway Development at Brazos Santiago Pass | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Station Brazos and US Life Saving Service
In 1878, the United States Life Saving Service Act authorized the creation of a coastal life saving station near the navigable strait of the Brazos Island Harbor.[23] The Station Brazos was constructed in 1881 and governed by the United States Life-Saving Service.[24]
Texas Historical Commission site
The Brazos Santiago Pass received a historical marker in 1996 by the Texas Historical Commission establishing a momentous narrative for the south Texas coastal dominion during the nineteenth century.[25]
See also
References
Marine archaeology bibliography
- Borgens, Amy A.; Hoyt, Steven D. "Chasing the Phantom Ship: Revisiting Interpretations of the Boca Chica No. 2 Shipwreck on the Texas Coast". Journal of Texas Archeology and History ~ Index of Texas Archaeology. Stephen F. Austin State University. doi:10.21112/ita.2018.1.32. Archived from the original on October 20, 2022.
- Borgens, Amy; Linden, Sarah (June 26, 2018). "Shoreline Shipwrecks: Exciting Discoveries!". Texas Historical Commission Marine Archeology Program. Texas Historical Commission.
- Marks, Michael (April 16, 2019). "As Nature Claims Shipwrecks, Historians Can Only Watch". Texas Standard ~ Moody College of Communication. University of Texas at Austin.
External links
Media related to Brazos Santiago Pass (Texas) at Wikimedia Commons
Padre Island travel guide from Wikivoyage- Rio Grande Valley travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Anonymous. "Brazos Island State Scenic Park". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- "Port Isabel ~ San Benito Navigation District" [PISBND – Port Isabel ~ San Benito Navigation District]. Port Isabel, Texas: Port of Port Isabel.
- "§ 166.200 – Shipping Safety Fairways and Anchorage Areas, Gulf of Mexico" [Title 33, Chapter I, Subchapter P, Part 166]. Code of Federal Regulations.
- "Brazos Santiago Pass and Brazos Island Military Depot" [South Padre Island in Cameron County, Texas – The American South (West South Central)]. HMDB.org. The Historical Marker Database.
- "Southern Part of Laguna Madre ~ NOAA Route Chart". NOAA Office of Coast Survey. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. June 2020.
