Divisaderan

The Divisaderan age is a South American land mammal age, covering a period of geologic time (42.0–36.0 Ma) within the Middle and Late Eocene epochs of the Paleogene. It follows the Mustersan age and is followed by the Tinguirirican age.^[1]

Etymology

The age is named after the Divisadero Largo Formation of Divisadero Largo, Mendoza, Argentina.

Formations

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Locations of Divisaderan formations

Formation bold is type	Country	Basin	Notes
Divisadero Largo Formation	Argentina	Cuyo Basin	^[2]
Abanico Formation	Chile	Abanico Basin	^[3]^[4]
Andesitas Huancache Formation	Argentina	Golfo San Jorge Basin	^[5]
Chota Formation	Peru	Bagua Basin	^[6]^[7]
Guabirotuba Formation	Brazil	Curitiba Basin	^[8]
Leticia Formation	Argentina	Austral Basin	^[9]
Loreto Formation	Chile	Magallanes Basin	^[10]
Paracas Group	Peru	Pisco Basin	^[11]
Pozo Formation	Peru	Ucayali Basin	^[12]^[13]
Sarmiento Formation	Argentina	Golfo San Jorge Basin	^[14]^[15]
Soncco Formation	Peru	Eastern Peruvian Andes	^[16]
Yumaque Formation	Peru	Pisco Basin	^[17]

Fossils

Group	Fossils	Formation	Notes
Mammals	Acamana ambiguus, Adiantoides leali, Allalmeia atalaensis, Brachystephanus postremus, Groeberia minoprioi, G. pattersoni, Phoradiadius divortiensis, Xenostephanus chiottii, Trigonostylops sp., ?Notoungulata indet.	Divisadero Largo	^[18]
	Proeocoleophorus carlinii, Machlydotherium sp., Meteutatus sp., Nemolestes sp., Parutaetus sp., Utaetus sp., Argyrolagoidea indet., Astegotheriini indet., Astrapotheria indet., Euphractinae indet., Notopithecidae indet., Oldfieldthomasiidae indet., Palaeothentoidea indet.	Guabirotuba	^[19]^[20]
	Ocucajea picklingi, Supayacetus muizoni, Basilosauridae indet.	Paracas	^[21]^[22] ^[23]
	Cachiyacuy contamanensis, C. kummeli, Canaanimys maquiensis, Eobranisamys javierpradoi, Eocoleophorus glyptodontoides, Pozomys ucayaliensis, Pseudostegotherium chubutanum, cf. Eoespina sp., cf. Griphodon sp., cf. Perulestes sp., Rumiodon sp., Sasawatsu sp., Stegosimpsonia sp., ?Trigonostylops sp., Wamradolops sp., Archaeohyracidae indet., Bonapartherioidea indet., Borhyaenidae indet., Chinchilloidea indet., Cingulata indet., Didelphimorphia indet., Interatheriinae indet., Litopterna indet., Microchiroptera indet., Molossidae indet., Phyllostomatidae indet., Polydolopimorphia indet., ?Sudamericidae indet., Toxodontia indet.	Pozo	^[24] ^[25]^[26] ^[27]^[28]
	Pseudocladosictis determinabile, Patene coluapiensis, Angelocabrerus daptes, Arminiheringia auceta, Caroloameghinia mater, C. tenuis, Coona gaudryi, Rosendolops primigenium, Polydolops crassus, P. serra, P. thomasi, Amphidolops serrula, Eudolops tetragonus, Pseudolops princeps, Progarzonia notostylopense, Ideodelphys microscopicus, Tonostylops spissus, Thomashuxleya rostrata, Coelostylodon caroloameghinoi, C. florentinoameghinoi, Acoelohyrax complicatissimus, Isotemnus colhuehuapiensis, I. primitivus, Anisotemnus distentus, Pleurostylodon crassiramis, P. modicus, P. similis, Homalostylops parvus, Notostylops bicinctus, N. murinus, Isostylops fretus, Catastylops deflexus, Eohyrax isotemnoides, E. praerusticus, Archaeopithecus fossulatus, A. rogeri, Maxschlosseria consumata, Oldfieldthomasia debilitata, O. parvidens, O. transversa, Ultrapithecus rutilans, Paginula parca, Transpithecus obtentus, Antepithecus brachystephanus, A. innexus, Notopithecus adapinus, Henricosbornia ?lophodonta, Acoelodus proclivus, Proectocion argentinus, P. precisus, Didolodus magnus, D. minor, D. multicuspis, Paulogervaisia inusta, P. mamma, P. porca, Ernestokokenia nitida, Albertogaudrya unica, ?Trigonostylops duplex, T. wortmani, Parutaetus chicoensis, P. clusus, P. signatus, Meteutatus percarinatus, Pseudostegotherium chubutanum, Prostegotherium astrifer, P. notostylopianum, Utaetus buccatus, U. deustus, U. lenis, Machlydotherium sparsum, Rutimeyeria conulifera Guilielmofloweria plicata, Anisolambda fissidens, Proplanodus adnepos, Periphragnis exauctus, Mazzoniphractus ingens	Sarmiento	^[29]^[30] ^[31]^[32]
	Mystacodon selenensis	Yumaque	^[33]^[34]
Reptiles & amphibians	Cunampaia simplex, Ilchunaia parva, Barinasuchus sp.	Divisadero Largo	^[18]
	?Balanerodus sp., cf. Sebecus sp., Anilioidea indet., Anura indet., Booidea indet., Caimaninae indet., ?Chelidae indet., Gavialoidea indet., Pipidae indet., ?Platynota indet.	Pozo	^[25]
	Eocaiman cavernensis, ?Boa sp., ?Madtsoia sp., Crocodylomorpha indet.	Sarmiento	^[29]^[35]
Birds	Spheniscidae indet.	Loreto	^[36]
Fishes	Ischyodus dolloi, Striatolamia macrota, Elasmobranchii indet.	Loreto	^[36]
Fishes	Potamotrygon ucayalensis, ?Colossoma sp., cf. Leporinus sp., cf. Hydrolycus sp., Actinopterygii indet., Characiformes indet.	Pozo	^[25]^[26] ^[27]
Flora	Chara (Grambastichara) tornata, Nitellopsis (Tectochara) latispira	Pozo	^[37]

References

Bibliography

General

Woodburne, M.O.; F.J. Goin; M. Bond; A.A. Carlini; J.N. Gelfo; G.M. López; A. Iglesias, and A.N. Zimicz. 2013. Paleogene Land Mammal Faunas of South America; a Response to Global Climatic Changes and Indigenous Floral Diversity. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 21. 1–73. Accessed 2019-02-15.

Divisadero Largo Formation

Simpson, G.G.; J.L. Minoprio, and B. Patterson. 1962. The mammalian fauna of the Divisadero Largo Formation, Mendoza, Argentina. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 127. 239–293. Accessed 2019-02-15.

Abanico Formation

Bertrand, Ornella C.; John J. Flynn; Darin A. Croft, and André R. Wyss. 2012. Two new taxa (Caviomorpha, Rodentia) from the early Oligocene Tinguiririca fauna (Chile). American Museum Novitates 3750. 1–36. Accessed 2019-02-15.
Bradham, Jennifer; John J. Flynn; Darin A. Croft, and Andre R. Wyss. 2015. New notoungulates (Notostylopidae and basal toxodontians) from the early Oligocene Tinguiririca fauna of the Andean Main Range, central Chile. American Museum Novitates 3841. 1–24. Accessed 2019-02-13.
Croft, Darin A.; John J. Flynn, and André R. Wyss. 2008. The Tinguiririca fauna of Chile and the early stages of "modernization" of South American mammal faunas. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 66. 191–211. Accessed 2019-02-12. Archived 2018-09-06 at the Wayback Machine
Engelman, Russell K.; John J. Flynn; Philip Gans; André R. Wyss, and Darin A. Croft. 2018. Chlorocyon phantasma, a late Eocene borhyaenoid (Mammalia, Metatheria, Sparassodonta) from the Los Helados locality, Andean Main Range, central Chile. American Museum Novitates 3918. 1–22. Accessed 2019-02-11.
Godoy, Estanislao. 2012. Sobre el variable marco geotectónico de las formaciones Abanico y Farellones y sus equivalentes al sur de los 35°LS. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina 69. 570–577. Accessed 2017-08-15.
Muñoz, Marcia; Francisco Fuentes; Mario Vergara; Luis Aguirre; Jan Olov Nyström; Gilbert Féraud, and Alain Demant. 2006. Abanico East Formation: petrology and geochemistry of volcanic rocks behind the Cenozoic arc front in the Andean Cordillera, central Chile (33°50'S). Revista Geológica de Chile 33. 109–140. Accessed 2017-08-15.

Andesitas Huancache Formation

Goin, Francisco J.; Marcelo F. Tejedor; Laura Chornogubsky; Guillermo M. López; Javier N. Gelfo; Mariano Bond; Michael O. Woodburne; Yamila Gurovich, and Marcelo Reguero. 2012. Persistence of a Mesozoic, non-therian mammalian lineage (Gondwanatheria) in the mid-Paleogene of Patagonia. Naturwissenschaften 99(6). 449–463. Accessed 2019-02-15.
Tejedor, Marcelo F. et al. 2009. New Early Eocene Mammalian Fauna from Western Patagonia, Argentina. American Museum Novitates 3638. 1–43. Accessed 2018-09-11. Archived 2017-08-08 at the Wayback Machine

Chota Formation

Chacaltana, César; Alexandra Lucytania Benites Cañote; Waldir Valdivia, and Marco Chumpitaz. 2014. La formación Chota en la Cuenca Bagua: Evaluación e implicancias del criterio de clasificación litoestratigráfico, 1–4. Congreso Peruano de Geología. Accessed 2017-08-15.

Guabirotuba Formation

Sedor, Fernando A.; Édison V. Oliveira; David D. Silva; Luiz A. Fernandes; Renata F. Cunha; Ana M. Ribeiro, and Eliseu V. Dias. 2017. A New South American Paleogene Land Mammal Fauna, Guabirotuba Formation (Southern Brazil). Journal of Mammalian Evolution 24. 39–55. Accessed 2017-10-26.

Leticia Formation

Clarke, J.A.; E.B. Olivero, and P. Puerta. 2003. Description of the earliest fossil penguin from South America, and first Paleogene vertebrate locality of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. American Museum Novitates 3423. 1–18. Accessed 2019-02-20.

Loreto Formation

Bostelmann, Enrique; Jacobus P. Le Roux; Ana Vasquez; Nestor Gutiérrez; José Luis Oyarzún; Catalina Carreño; Teresa Torres; Rodrigo Otero, and Andrea Llanos, C. Mark Fanning, Sven N. Nielsen and Francisco Hervé. 2012. [[1] A revised lithostratigraphy of the Sierra Baguales, Magallanes Basin], 698–700. XIII Congeso Geológico Chileno. Accessed 2019-02-15.
Otero, Rodrigo A.; Teresa Torres; Jacobus P. Le Roux; Francisco Hervé; C. Mark Fanning; Roberto E. Yuri Yáñez, and David Rubilar Rogers. 2012. A Late Eocene age proposal for the Loreto Formation (Brunswick Peninsula, southernmost Chile), based on fossil cartilaginous fishes, paleobotany and radiometric evidence. Andean Geology 39. 180–200. Accessed 2019-02-15.
Sallaberry, M.A.; R.E. Yury Yáñez; R.A. Otero; S. Soto Acuña, and T.G. Torres. 2010. Eocene birds from the western margin of southernmost South America. Journal of Paleontology 84. 1061–1070. Accessed 2019-02-15.
Torres, T.; H. Meón; R. Otero, and H. Galleguillos. 2009. Palinoflora y macroflora de la Formación Loreto, Punta Arenas, Región de Magallanes, Chile, 1–4. XII Congreso Geológico Chileno. Accessed 2019-02-15.

Paracas Group

Clarke, Julia A.; Daniel T. Ksepka; Marcelo Stucchi; Mario Urbina; Norberto Giannini; Sara Bertelli; Yanina Narváez, and Clint A. Boyd. 2007. Paleogene equatorial penguins challenge the proposed relationship between penguin biogeography, body size evolution, and Cenozoic climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104. 11545–11550. Accessed 2017-08-15.

Pozo Formation

Antoine, P.O.; L. Marivaux; D.A. Croft; G. Billet; M. Ganerod; C. Jaramillo; T. Martin; M. Orliac, and J. Tejada, A. J. Altamirano, F. Duranthon, G. Fanjat, S. Rousse and R. Salas Gismondi. 2011. Middle Eocene rodents from Peruvian Amazonia reveal the pattern and timing of caviomorph origins and biogeography. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 279. 1319–1326. Accessed 2019-02-14.
Boivin, Myriam; Laurent Marivaux; Maëva J. Orliac; François Pujos; Rodolfo Salas Gismondi; Julia V. Tejada Lara, and Pierre-Olivier Antoine. 2017. Late middle Eocene caviomorph rodents from Contamana, Peruvian Amazonia. Palaeontologia Electronica 20(1). Article number 20.1.19A. Accessed 2019-02-12.

Sarmiento Formation

Acosta Hospitaleche, Carolina, and Claudia Tambussi. 2005. Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae (Aves) en la Formación Sarmiento de la localidad de Gran Hondonada (Eoceno Superior), Patagonia, Argentina [Phorusrhacidae Psilopterinae (Birds) in the Sarmiento Formation from the Gran Hondonada locality (Upper Eocene), Patagonia, Argentina]. Revista Española de Paleontología 20. 127–132. Accessed 2018-09-10. Archived 2021-01-22 at the Wayback Machine
Arnal, Michelle; Alejandro G. Kramarz; M. Guiomar Vucetich, and E. Carolina Vieytes. 2014. A new early Miocene octodontoid rodent (Hystricognathi, Caviomorpha) from Patagonia (Argentina) and a reassessment of the early evolution of Octodontoidea. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34(2). 397–406. Accessed 2019-02-12.
Cheme Arriaga, Lucas; María Teresa Dozo, and Javier N. Gelfo. 2016. A new Cramaucheniinae (Litopterna, Macraucheniidae) from the early Miocene of Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36(6). e1229672. Accessed 2019-02-12.
Dozo, María Teresa; Martín Ciancio; Pablo Bouza, and Gastón Martínez. 2014. Nueva asociación de mamíferos del Paleógeno en el este de la Patagonia (provincia de Chubut, Argentina): implicancias biocronológicas y paleobiogeográficas. Andean Geology 41. 224–247. Accessed 2017-08-15.
Pérez, María Encarnación; Marcelo Krause, and María Guiomar Vucetich. 2012. A new species of Chubutomys (Rodentia, Hystricognathi) from the late Oligocene of Patagonia and its implications on the early evolutionary history of Cavioidea sensu stricto. Geobios 45(6). 573–580. Accessed 2019-02-15.
Shockey, Bruce J.; John J. Flynn; Darin A. Croft; Phillip Gans, and André R. Wyss. 2012. New leontiniid Notoungulata (Mammalia) from Chile and Argentina : comparative anatomy, character analysis, and phylogenetic hypotheses. American Museum Novitates 3737. 1–64. Accessed 2019-02-15.
Sterli, Juliana; Marcelo S. De la Fuente, and J. Marcelo Krause. 2015. A new turtle from the Palaeogene of Patagonia (Argentina) sheds new light on the diversity and evolution of the bizarre clade of horned turtles (Meiolaniidae, Testudinata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 174(3). 519–548. Accessed 2019-02-13.
Vucetich, M.G.; M.T. Dozo; M. Arnal, and M.E. Pérez. 2015. New rodents (Mammalia) from the late Oligocene of Cabeza Blanca (Chubut) and the first rodent radiation in Patagonia. Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology 27(2). 236–257. Accessed 2019-02-13.
Vucetich, María G.; María E. Pérez; Martín R. Ciancio; Alfredo A. Carlini; Richard H. Madden, and Matthew J. Kohn. 2014. A new acaremyid rodent (Caviomorpha, Octodontoidea) from Scarritt Pocket, Deseadan (late Oligocene) of Patagonia (Argentina). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34(3). 689–698. Accessed 2019-02-12.
Wyss, André R.; John J. Flynn, and Darin A. Croft. 2018. New Paleogene notohippids and leontiniids (Toxodontia; Notoungulata; Mammalia) from the Early Oligocene Tinguiririca Fauna of the Andean Main Range, central Chile. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 3903. 1–42. Accessed 2019-02-11.

Soncco Formation

Carlotto, Víctor. 2016. Dataciones por trazas de fisión en los depósitos continentales terciarios de la Región de Cusco, 521–524. XIII Congreso Peruano de Geología. Accessed 2017-08-15.

Yumaque Formation

Lambert, O.; M. Martínez Cáceres; G. Bianucci; C. Di Celma; R. Salas Gismondi; E. Steurbaut; Mario Urbina, and C. de Muizon. 2017. Earliest Mysticete from the Late Eocene of Peru Sheds New Light on the Origin of Baleen Whales. Current Biology 27. 1–7. Accessed 2019-02-04.

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