Draft:Typhoon Winnie (1964)

Winnie originated from a mid-Pacific trough, which organized into a cyclonic circulation on June 21 west-southwest of Pohnpei.^[3]: 86 This initial system moved towards the west-northwest, passing near Ulithi on June 25. The next day, the disturbance developed into a tropical depression and gradually took on a more westward course. Winnie reached tropical storm strength on June 27 and then typhoon strength on June 28 as it rapidly intensified en route to southern Luzon.^[4][5]: 74 The typhoon attained sustained winds of 165 km/h (105 mph) shortly before moving ashore Calabarzon on June 29;^[4] its eye passed directly over Manila.^[6] Winnie weakened as it moved over Luzon and restrengthened upon reaching the South China Sea, taking a west-northwesterly heading.^[4][5]: 74 There, Winnie reached its peak intensity with winds of 185 km/h (115 mph) and a central pressure of 945 hPa (mbar; 27.91 inHg). At 00:00 UTC on July 2, the typhoon made landfall on Hainan southwest of Wenchang with winds of 175 km/h (110 mph). Winnie weakened to a tropical storm and traversed Hainan and the Gulf of Tonkin before making a final landfall near Haiphong, Vietnam, on July 3. Further weakening ensued as the system tracked across northern Vietnam and southwest China before dissipating on July 4.^[4]

Manila experienced its most damaging typhoon since 1882. Nearly a million people were affected by the storm; according to the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), there were 56 fatalities and 163 injuries as a result of Winnie in the Philippines, with a damage toll of US$8 million.^[7][8] However, the Associated Press reported 89 fatalities on July 3 while United Press International reported 120 fatalities on July 5, with property damage estimated at over $30 million.^[9][10][11] The Red Cross enumerated 275 injuries.^[12] Heavy rains from the combination of Winnie and the southwest monsoon flooded entire neighborhoods in Manila.^[13] At least 10 people were killed by flooding rivers near Manila and in Manila Bay.^[6] Approximately 500,000 people were rendered homeless in the Manila area and in the central provinces of Luzon following the razing of thousands of homes;^{[14][5]: 74} most of these homes were nipa huts and "makeshift dwellings". Approximately 120,000 homes were destroyed in Bataan, Bulacan, and Pampanga.^[15] The loss of roofs was widespread.^[13] Thousands of trees were uprooted and basic utilities were brought down by the storm;^[16] Manila was without power or water for at least 36 hours.^[12] In Infanta, Quezon, a maximum wind of 127 km/h (79 mph) was measured.^[17] Abaca and coconut plantations in Luzon were seriously impacted. Cargo barges and freighters broke from their moorings and a Philippine Navy destroyer, the RPS Rajah Soliman, capsized while undergoing repairs.^[12][6][15] Several aircraft were damaged, including 15 C-47 Skytrains at Nichols Field.^[6][5]: 74 The air traffic control tower at Manila International Airport was put out of commission following wind damage.^[6][18] Manila was placed under a state of emergency following Winnie, with government agencies deploying medical and rescue teams to affected areas amid widespread power outages.^[12] Catholic Relief Services aided in disaster relief with funding from USAID.^[19]

South Vietnam delivered 450 metric tons (500 short tons) of rice to victims of the storm in the Philippines.^[20] Dikes and salt fields were damaged in two districts of Nam Định, Vietnam.^[21]