Elsa Gidoni

Gidoni was born Elsa Mandelstamm in Riga, Latvia, into the Lithuanian-Jewish family. Her father Fayvush (Pavel) Mandelstamm was a physician.^[1] She studied at the Imperial Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg from 1916 to 1917 and at the Technical University in Berlin in the mid-1920s. She then operated her own interior design firm from 1929 to 1933.

In 1933, once Adolf Hitler became Chancellor, sweeping anti-Jewish legislation was passed, with the result that Jews unable to practice their profession.^[2] Gidoni left Berlin and settled in Tel Aviv where she practiced as an architect until 1938. There, she designed an economics school^[3] and worked on various projects such as planning the Swedish Pavilion at the Levant-Fair and the Café Galina.^[4] Much of Gidoni's work was of the International Style,^[5] an architecture style that became popular after World War I and is characterized by the use of industrial materials, lack of color, and flat surfaces.^[6]

In 1938, she left Tel-Aviv due to increasing conflict within the political landscape,^[7] and moved to New York where she worked as an interior designer for Fellheimer & Wagner before eventually finding work as a project designer at the architectural firm of Kahn & Jacobs.^[8] With Kahn & Jacobs she was the lead architect on several significant commissions including the Universal Pictures Building at 445 Park Avenue in Manhattan, completed in 1947. Praising its use of light and other structural features, architectural historian and critic, Lewis Mumford, called the 445 Park Avenue office building "technical milestone." The Britannica Book of the Year 1947 included the building as among the five top architectural achievements of the year. The four other notable structures cited were designed, respectively, by Oscar Niemeyer, Alvar Aalto, Buckminster Fuller, and Le Corbusier.^[9]

She became a member of the American Institute of Architects (AIA) in 1943.^[10] In 1960, she was one of 260 women in the AIA and only one of 12 working in New York.^[11]

Her older sister was violinist Margarita Mandelstamm Selinsky. Her first husband was the art critic and writer Alexander Gidoni. She later married Alexis L. Gluckmann, an engineer. In April 1978, she died at the age of 77 at her home in Washington, D.C.^[12]

• Swedish Pavilion at the Levant Fair with Genia Averbuch, Tel Aviv, 1934
• Apartment house, Tel Aviv, 1937
• General Motors Futurama pavilion, 1939 World's Fair
• Research Library, 23 West 26th Street, New York
• Hecht Co Department Store, Ballston, Virginia
• Universal Pictures Building, 445 Park Ave. New York, NY

• Stratigakos, Despina. "Reconstructing a Lost History: Exiled Jewish Women Architects in America." in Aufbau (The Transatlantic Jewish Paper), Vol. LXVIII, No. 22, p. 14. October 31, 2002.
• Stern, Robert A. M.; Mellins, Thomas; Fishman, David (1995). New York 1960: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial. New York: Monacelli Press. ISBN 1-885254-02-4. OCLC 32159240. OL 1130718M.
• Torre, Susana. Women in American Architecture: A Historic and Contemporary Perspective. New York: Whitney Library of Design, 1977.
• Gagnon, Lisa. "Women In Architecture Celebrated During Wikipedia Edit-a-thon". School of Architecture and Planning University at Buffalo. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
• Meyer-Maril, Edina. "Architects in Palestine: 1920-1948". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
• German and Austrian Women Architects in Mandatory Palestine (English and German), Sigal Davidi

• Pioneering Women of American Architecture, Elsa Mandelstamm Gidoni
• Café Galina at Levant Fair, Tel Aviv, 1934, designed by Elsa Gidoni and Genia Averbuch, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.
• Apartment house, Tel Aviv, 1937, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.
• Research library, 23 West 26th Street, New York, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.
• Architectural drawings for a department store ("Hecht Co."), Ballston, Virginia, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C.