Foreign relations of Belize

Belize maintains 14 embassies to foreign countries, one consulate, and three missions to international organizations.[1] In 1990, Belize became a member of the Organization of American States, and the Commonwealth of Nations in 1981.

To strengthen its potential for economic and political development, Belize has sought to build closer ties with the Spanish-speaking countries of Central America to complement its historical ties to the English-speaking Caribbean states. Recent foreign policy initiatives include joining with the other Central American countries in signing the CONCAUSA Agreement on regional sustainable development and becoming a full member of the Central American Integration System (SICA). Belize is a member of CARICOM which was founded in 1973.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries with which Belize maintains diplomatic relations with:

#CountryDate[2][3]
1  GuyanaUnknown
2  Bahamas21 September 1981
3  Barbados21 September 1981
4  Dominica21 September 1981
5  Grenada21 September 1981
6  Mexico21 September 1981
7  Saint Kitts and Nevis21 September 1981
8  Saint Lucia21 September 1981
9  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines21 September 1981
10  Trinidad and Tobago21 September 1981
11  United Kingdom21 September 1981
12  United States21 September 1981
13  Costa RicaSeptember 1981
14  NicaraguaSeptember 1981
15  GhanaSeptember 1981
16  Fiji20 October 1981[4]
17  Canada24 November 1981
18  FranceNovember 1981
19  Panama1 December 1981
20  Australia17 January 1982
21  Colombia15 February 1982
22  Nigeria19 April 1982
23  Germany31 May 1982
24  Honduras21 September 1982
25  Italy1 October 1982
26  Jamaica3 November 1982
27  Japan3 November 1982
28  Sweden17 November 1982[5]
29  Belgium1982
30  El Salvador1982
31  Haiti1982[6]
32  Iraq25 January 1983[7]
33  Antigua and Barbuda4 February 1983
34  Brazil1 March 1983
 Holy See9 March 1983
35  India28 March 1983
36  Bangladesh29 August 1983[8]
37  Norway12 July 1984
 Israel (suspended)11 March 1985
38  Greece4 September 1986
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic18 November 1986
39  Netherlands13 April 1987
40  South Korea14 April 1987
41  Uruguay28 September 1987
42  Bolivia1 October 1987
43  TurkeyNovember 1987[9]
44  Spain13 January 1989
45  Venezuela25 April 1989
46  Dominican Republic6 June 1989
47   SwitzerlandJuly 1989
48  Austria14 September 1989
 Taiwan11 October 1989
49  Chile11 October 1990
50  North Korea20 June 1991
51  Russia25 June 1991
52  Guatemala11 September 1991
53  Seychelles11 September 1991
54  Denmark15 November 1991
55  Peru27 November 1991
56  United Arab Emirates10 December 1991
57  Argentina8 January 1992
58  Bahrain20 July 1992
59  Slovenia19 November 1992
60  Iran24 November 1992
61  Portugal9 December 1992
62  Romania25 March 1993
63  Philippines19 April 1993
64  Marshall Islands21 May 1993
65  Bulgaria15 January 1994
66  Egypt6 May 1994
67  Cambodia1 November 1994
68  Vietnam4 January 1995
69  Poland2 May 1995
70  Cuba15 July 1995
71  Singapore23 August 1995
72  Croatia23 January 1996
73  Bosnia and Herzegovina24 January 1996
74  North Macedonia25 January 1996
75  Czech Republic18 July 1996
76  Slovakia6 August 1996
77  Turkmenistan11 September 1996
78  South Africa14 May 1997
79  Finland19 June 1997
80  Mozambique30 September 1997
81  Suriname13 May 1998
82  Armenia12 February 1999
83  Estonia5 May 1999
84  Thailand11 June 1999
85  Ukraine1 October 1999
86  Ecuador14 October 1999
 Sovereign Military Order of Malta1999[10]
87  Malaysia11 February 2000
88  Maldives11 February 2000
89  Cyprus21 July 2000
90  Ireland21 July 2000
91  Belarus4 August 2000[11]
92  Morocco3 November 2000
93  Angola25 January 2001
94  Lebanon29 June 2001
95  Syria28 August 2001
96  Algeria28 November 2001
97  Qatar17 May 2002
98  Azerbaijan24 June 2002
99  East Timor15 April 2003
100  Zambia18 September 2003[12]
101  Iceland7 July 2004
102  Malta1 October 2004
103  Paraguay7 November 2004
104  Lithuania30 December 2004[13]
105  Latvia3 February 2005
106  San Marino15 March 2005
107  Oman3 March 2006
108  Kuwait8 May 2006
109  Jordan28 June 2006
110  Botswana28 February 2008
111  Luxembourg15 May 2008
112  Kazakhstan11 November 2013[14]
113  Indonesia9 July 2014[15]
 State of Palestine9 July 2014[15]
114  Hungary10 June 2015
115  Pakistan23 October 2015[16]
 Kosovo29 April 2016[17]
116  Mongolia20 June 2017
117  Montenegro6 September 2017[18]
118  Georgia1 October 2017
119  Tajikistan21 December 2017
120  Andorra26 February 2018
121  Mauritius4 April 2018
122  New Zealand18 March 2019[19]
123  Serbia24 September 2019
124  Rwanda22 January 2020
125  Sierra Leone23 September 2021
126    Nepal1 April 2022
127  Kenya22 June 2022[20]
128  Moldova3 August 2022
129  Saudi Arabia24 September 2022
130  Benin14 September 2023
131  Solomon Islands22 September 2023
132  Gambia22 September 2023[21]
133  Cape Verde15 February 2024
134  Uzbekistan5 March 2024[22]
135  Uganda20 May 2024[23]

Africa

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Botswana28 February 2008

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 February 2008.[24]

 GhanaSeptember 1981

Both countries established diplomatic relations in September 1981.[2]

  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations and the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States.
 Mozambique30 September 1997

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 September 1997.[2]

  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations and the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States.
 Nigeria19 April 1982
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 April 1982.[2]
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations and the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States.
 Seychelles11 September 1991

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 September 1991.[2]

  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations and the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States.
 South Africa14 May 1997
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 May 1997.[25]
  • Belize does not have any representation in South Africa.[26]
  • South Africa is represented in Belize by its High Commission in Kingston, Jamaica.[27]
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations and the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States.
 Tunisia

Both countries have passed a number of bilateral agreements.[28]

Americas

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Antigua and Barbuda4 February 1983
 Argentina8 January 1992
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 January 1992.[29]
  • In 2013 both countries have an agreement on Technical cooperation.[30]
  • Argentina is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City.[31]
 Barbados21 September 1981
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 1981.[2]
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, CARIFORUM, the Caribbean Community, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of American States and the United Nations.
 Bahamas21 September 1981
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 1981.[2]
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, CARIFORUM, the Caribbean Community, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of American States and the United Nations.
 Bolivia1 October 1987
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1987.[2]
  • Both countries are full members of Organization of American States and the United Nations.
 Brazil1 March 1983See Belize–Brazil relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 March 1983.[2]

 Canada
  • Canada is accredited to Belize from its embassy in Guatemala City.[32]
  • Belize is accredited to Canada from its embassy in Washington, D.C., and maintains an honorary consulate in Calgary.[32]
  • Both countries are member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of American States and the United Nations.
 Chile11 October 1990
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 October 1990.[2]
  • Both countries are full members of the Organization of American States, and the United Nations.
 Colombia15 February 1982

On 15 February 1982, formal relations were established. Colombia's embassy in Belize closed in 2002 in order to cut down on costs though the embassy of Colombia in El Salvador is also concurrent to Belize. On 17 April 2013, the Prime Minister and Foreign Minister met with the Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs of Colombia in order to strengthen relations.[33]

  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, the Organization of American States and the United Nations.
 Costa RicaSeptember 1981
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in September 1981.[2]
  • Belize is accredited to Costa Rica from its embassy in Guatemala City.
  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Belmopan.
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, the Organization of American States, and the United Nations.
 Cuba1995

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1995.[34]

  • Belize has an embassy in Havana.
  • Cuba has an embassy in Belize City.
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, the Organization of American States, the Group of 77, and the United Nations.
 Dominican Republic
  • Belize has an embassy in Santo Domingo.
  • Dominican Republic is accredited to Belize from a non-resident ambassador in Santo Domingo and maintains an honorary consulate in Belmopan.

Both countries are members of the Association of Caribbean States, CARIFORUM, the Organization of American States (OAS), and Group of 77, and the United Nations.

 Dominica21 September 1981
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 21 September 1981.[2][35]
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, CARIFORUM, the Caribbean Community the Commonwealth of Nations, and the United Nations.
 Ecuador14 October 1999
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 October 1999.[2]
  • Both countries are full members of the Organization of American States, and the United Nations.
 El Salvador
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1982 or 1985.[2]
  • Belize has an embassy in San Salvador.
  • El Salvador has an embassy in Belize City.
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, the Central American Integration System, the Organization of American States, and the United Nations.
 Grenada21 September 1981
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 1981.[2]
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, CARIFORUM, the Caribbean Community, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of American States and the United Nations.

.

 GuatemalaSee Belize–Guatemala relations

Belize's principal external concern has been the dispute involving the Guatemalan claim to Belizean territory. Initially a dispute between formerly Spanish Guatemala and the United Kingdom's colony of British Honduras, Guatemala continued its claim after Belizean independence in 1981; it recognized its neighbour's independence one decade later, in 1991. The dispute remains unresolved.

  • Belize has an embassy in Guatemala City.
  • Guatemala has an embassy in Belize City and a consulate-general in Benque Viejo del Carmen.
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, the Central American Integration System, the Organization of American States, and the United Nations.
 Guyana
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations.[2]
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, CARIFORUM, the Caribbean Community, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of American States and the United Nations.
  • Belize has a high commission in Georgetown.
  • Guyana has an honorary consulate in Belize.
 Haiti
  • Belize is accredited to Haiti from its embassy in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
  • Haiti is accredited to Belize from its embassy in Panama City.
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, the Caribbean Community, and Organization of American States.
 Honduras21 September 1982
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 1982.[2]
  • Belize has an embassy in Tegucigalpa.
  • Honduras has an embassy in Belize City.
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, the Central American Integration System, the Organization of American States, and the United Nations.
 Jamaica3 November 1982
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 November 1982.[2]
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, CARIFORUM, the Caribbean Community, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of American States and the United Nations.
 Mexico1981See Belize–Mexico relations

Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Belize were established in 1981.

  • Mexico has an embassy in Belmopan.[36]
  • Belize has an embassy in Mexico City.
  • Both countries are members of the Association of Caribbean States, the Central American Integration System, the Organization of American States, and the United Nations.
 Nicaragua1981

Diplomatic relations between Nicaragua and Belize were established in 1981.

  • Nicaragua does not have an embassy in Belize.
  • Belize is accredited to Nicaragua from its embassy in Guatemala City.
  • Both countries are members of the Association of Caribbean States, the Central American Integration System, the Organization of American States, and the United Nations.
 Panama1 December 1981

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 1981.[37]

  • Belize is accredited to Panama from its embassy in Guatemala City.
  • Panama has an embassy in Belize City.
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, the Central American Integration System, the Organization of American States, and the United Nations.
 Paraguay7 November 2004
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 November 2004.[2][38]
  • Both countries are full members of Organization of American States, and the United Nations.
 Peru27 November 1991
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 November 1991.[2]
  • Both countries are full members of Organization of American States and the United Nations.
 Saint Lucia21 September 1981
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 21 September 1981.[2]
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, CARIFORUM, the Caribbean Community, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of American States and the United Nations.
 Saint Kitts and Nevis21 September 1981
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 21 September 1981.[2]
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, CARIFORUM, the Caribbean Community, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of American States and the United Nations.
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines21 September 1981
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 21 September 1981.[2]
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, CARIFORUM, the Caribbean Community, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of American States and the United Nations.
 Suriname13 May 1998
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 May 1998.[2]
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, CARIFORUM, the Caribbean Community, the Organization of American States and the United Nations.
 Trinidad and Tobago21 September 1981
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 1981.[2]
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, CARIFORUM, the Caribbean Community, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organization of American States and the United Nations
 United StatesSee Belize–United States relations

Belize-United States relations have traditionally been close and cordial. The United States is Belize's principal trading partner and major source of investment funds. It is also home to the largest Belizean community outside Belize, estimated to be 70,000 strong. Because Belize's economic growth and accompanying democratic political stability are important U.S. objectives, Belize benefits from the U.S. Caribbean Basin Initiative.

As a member of CARICOM Belize strongly backed efforts by the United States to implement United Nations Security Council Resolution 940 designed to facilitate the departure of Haiti's de facto authorities from power. The country agreed to contribute military personnel to the Multinational Task Force which restored the democratically elected Government of Haiti in October 1994 and to the United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH).

Belize is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the American military (as covered under Article 98).

International crime issues dominate the agenda of bilateral relations between the United States and Belize. The United States is working closely with the Government of Belize to fight illicit narcotics trafficking, and both governments seek to control the flow of illegal migrants to the United States through Belize. Belize and the United States brought into force a stolen vehicle treaty, an extradition treaty, and a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty between 2001 and 2003.

The United States is the largest provider of economic assistance to Belize, contributing $2.5 million in various bilateral economic and military aid programs to Belize in FY 2006. Of this amount, nearly $500,000 was provided by the U.S. Military Liaison Office. The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) closed its Belize office in August 1996 after a 13-year program during which USAID provided $110 million worth of development assistance to Belize. Belize still benefits from USAID regional programs. In addition, during the past 42 years, almost 2,000 Peace Corps volunteers have served in Belize. As of April 2007, the Peace Corps had 58 volunteers working in Belize.

Until the end of 2002, Voice of America operated a medium-wave radio relay station in Punta Gorda that broadcast to the neighboring countries of Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador. The U.S. military has a diverse and growing assistance program in Belize that included the construction and renovation of several schools and youth hostels, medical assistance programs, and drug reduction programs. Private North American investors continue to play a key role in Belize's economy, particularly in the tourism sector.

 Uruguay28 September 1987
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 September 1987.[2]
  • Both countries are full members of the Organization of American States and the United Nations.
 Venezuela25 April 1989
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 April 1989.[2]
  • Venezuela has an embassy in Belmopan.
  • Both countries are full members of the Association of Caribbean States, Organization of American States, and the United Nations.

Asia

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 ChinaBelize does not have Diplomatic recognition of China. See Foreign relations of China.

In June 2020, Belize openly opposed the Hong Kong national security law[39]

 IndiaSee Belize–India relations
  • India has an honorary consulate in Belize City.[40]
  • Belize maintains an honorary consulate in New Delhi.[41]
 Israel11 March 1985 (Diplomatic relations severed 15 November 2023)
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1983.[42]
  • Belize is represented in Israel through its embassy in London.[43]
  • Israeli is represented in Belize through its embassy in San Salvador.[44]
  • Since 2011, both countries have an agreement between the government of the state of Israel and the government of Belize on visa exemption for holders of diplomatic, service and national passports.[45]
  • Both countries severed diplomatic relations on 15 November 2023 amid the 2023 Israel-Hamas War.[46]
 JapanNovember 1982
  • Both countries established diplomatic relation in November 1982.[47]
  • Japan has an embassy in Belmopan.
 Palestine

Under the previous premiership of Said Musa, Belize remained a staunch supporter of Palestinian rights and shunned relations with Israel due to the latter's military and intelligence support for Guatemala.[48] Since the election of Dean Barrow in 2008, however, relations with Israel have improved considerably. In June 2011, Foreign Minister Wilfred Elrington met with Israeli envoy Danny Ayalon to discuss an upcoming resolution in September aimed at recognising a Palestinian state. Following the meeting, Ayalon claimed that he had gained the support of Belize in opposing the resolution. However, on 9 September, the Belizean Foreign Ministry issued an official statement recognizing the State of Palestine with the borders prior to the Six-Day War.

 South Korea14 April 1987

Belize and South Korea established diplomatic relation on April 14, 1987.

The two nations have good relations.[49]

 Taiwan1989See Belize–Taiwan relations

Belize recognizes the Republic of China (ROC, commonly known as Taiwan)[50] as the sole legitimate government of China. Relations were established between Belize and the ROC in 1989.

 TurkeyOct. 29, 1981[51]See Belize–Turkey relations
  • Turkish Embassy in Port of Spain is accredited to Belize. Turkey has an Honorary Consul in Belize City.[52][51]
  • Belize has an Honorary Consulate in İzmir.[52]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 13.7 million USD in 2019 (Belize's exports/imports: 3.6/10.1 million USD).[51]
 United Arab Emirates10 December 1991

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1991.[2]

  • UAE is accredited to Belize from its embassy in Mexico City.

Europe

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Belgium1982

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1982.[2]

  • Belize has an embassy in Brussels.
  • Belgium is accredited to Belize from its embassy in Mexico City.
 Bulgaria15 February 1994
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 15 February 1994.[2]
  • Bulgaria is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City.[53]
 Cyprus21 July 2000
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 July 2000.[54]
  • Cyprus is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico.[55]
  • Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
 Czech Republic15 February 1994
  • The Czech Republic is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City[56] and has an honorary consulate.[57]
  • Belize has an honorary consulate in Prague.[58]
 Denmark15 November 1991[59]
 Estonia5 May 1999
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 May 1999.[62]
  • Estonia has an honorary consulate in Belize.[63]
 Finland19 June 1997
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 June 1997.[64]
  • Finland is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City and an honorary consulate in Belize City.[64]
 France
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in November 1981.[2]
  • France is represented in Belize through its embassy in San Salvador, El Salvador.[65]
 Germany1982
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1982.[66]
  • Germany is represented in Belize through its embassy in Guatemala.[67]
 Greece4 September 1986
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 4 September 1986.[2]
  • Belize's Embassy in Mexico has parallel accreditation for Greece. Belize has an Honorary Consulate in Athens since 1992.[68][69]
  • Greece does not have any representation in Belize, its embassy in Mexico is also accredited to Belize.[68]
 Hungary

Hungary is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City.[70]

 Holy See9 March 1983

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 March 1983.[2]

  • Belize has an embassy to the Holy See in Rome.
  • Holy See is accredited to Belize from its apostolic nunciature in San Salvador, El Salvador.
 Italy1 October 1982
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1982.[2]
  • Belize has a consulate-general in Milan.[71]
  • Italy is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City and an honorary consulate.[72]
 Norway

Since 2011, Belize and Norway have an Agreement concerning the exchange of information relating to tax matters they had signed in 2010.[73]

 Russia25 June 1991

Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1991. Belize immediately recognized Russia as the USSR's successor after the breakup of the Soviet Union.

Russia is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City and an honorary consulate in Belize City.

 Slovakia

Slovakia is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City.[74]

 Slovenia

Belize is represented in Slovenia through its embassy in Vienna.[75]

 Spain13 January 1989See Belize–Spain relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 January 1989.[2]

 Sweden

Sweden is represented in Belize through its embassy in Stockholm and an honorary consulate in Belmopan.[76]

  Switzerland
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1988.[77]
  • Switzerland is represented in Belize through its embassy in Mexico City and since 1996 an honorary consulate in Belize City.[77]
 United Kingdom1981See Belize–United Kingdom relations

Belize is a member of the Commonwealth and was granted independence from the United Kingdom in 1981. Formerly known as British Honduras, the British maintained a garrison in Belize well into the 1990s, until Guatemala, which has always claimed sovereignty of the country, signed a treaty recognizing Belize's independence. The United Kingdom maintains a training center for the army in Belize.

On 3 March 2012, Prince Harry visited Belize on a tour of Commonwealth countries in the region as the Queen's representative in her Diamond Jubilee, making this his first solo royal tour. There he renamed Zennia Boulevard (also known as Cohune Walk Boulevard) in the capital to "Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II Boulevard", in honour of his grandmother.[78]

  • Belize has a High Commission in London.
  • The United Kingdom has a High Commission in Belmopan.

Oceania

CountryFormal Relations BeganNotes
 Australia
 New Zealand

New Zealand is accredited to Belize from its embassy in Mexico City.[80]

Belize and the Commonwealth of Nations

Belize has been a member state of the Commonwealth since 1981, when it became an independent Commonwealth realm.

King Charles III as King of Belize is viceregally represented by the Governor-General of Belize.

Multilateral membership

Belize is a member of the following multilateral bodies.

See also

References

External links

Dominican Republic
Russia
Belize

 This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.  This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.