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United Left (Spain)

(Redirected from Izquierda Unida (España))

United Left (Spanish: Izquierda Unida [iθˈkjeɾðawˈniða], IU) is a federative political movement in Spain that was first organized as a coalition in 1986, bringing together several left-wing political organizations, most notably the Communist Party of Spain.[8]

United Left
Izquierda Unida
General CoordinatorAntonio Maíllo
FoundedApril 1986 (as coalition)
2 November 1992 (as party federation)
Youth wingÁrea de Juventud de Izquierda Unida
LGBT wingALEAS
Membership (2023)Decrease 18,000[1]
IdeologyCommunism[2]
Socialism[2]
Republicanism[3]
Political positionLeft-wing[4][5] to far-left[6][7]
National affiliationThe Left (2009–2014)
Plural Left (2011) (2011–2015)
Plural Left (2014) (2014–2019)
Popular Unity (2015–2016)
Unidas Podemos (2016–2023)
Sumar (since 2023)
European affiliationParty of the European Left
International affiliationIMCWP
Colours  Red
Congress of Deputies
5 / 350
Spanish Senate
0 / 266
European Parliament
0 / 61
Regional Parliaments
10 / 1,268
Local Government
1,678 / 67,515
Website
izquierdaunida.org

IU was founded as an electoral coalition of seven parties, but the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) is the only remaining integrated member of the IU at the national level.[8] Despite that, IU brings together other regional parties, political organizations, and independents.[8] It currently takes the form of a permanent federation of parties.

Congress seats from 1977 (as PCE) to 2011

IU took part of the Unidas Podemos coalition and the corresponding parliamentary group in the Congreso de los Diputados between 2016 and 2023. Since January 2020, it participated for the first time in a national coalition government, with one minister. For the 2023 general election, IU took part of the Sumar platform.[9]

History

United Left logo from 1986. It was composed of the logos of the parties that signed the coalition. It would not be until 1988 that a specific logo for IU would be designed.
Julio Anguita, general coordinator of United Left from 1989 to 1999.

Following the electoral failure of the PCE in the 1982 (from 10% to 4%), PCE leaders believed that the PCE alone could no longer effectively challenge the electoral hegemony of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) on the left.[8] With this premise, the PCE began developing closer relations with other left-wing groups, with the vision of forming a broad left coalition.[8] IU slowly improved its results, reaching 9% in 1989 (1,800,000 votes) and nearly 11% in 1996 (2,600,000 votes). The founding organizations were: Communist Party of Spain, Progressive Federation, Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain, PASOC, Carlist Party, Humanist Party, Unitarian Candidacy of Workers, and Republican Left.

In contrast to the PCE prior to the formation of IU, which pursued a more moderate political course, the new IU adopted a more radical strategy and ideology of confrontation against the PSOE.[10][8] IU generally opposed cooperating with the PSOE, and identified it as a "right-wing party", no different from the People's Party (PP).[10][8]

After achieving poor results in the 1999 local and European elections, IU decided to adopt a more conciliatory attitude towards the PSOE, and agreed to sign an electoral pact with the PSOE for the upcoming general election in 2000.[8] They also adopted a universal policy in favor of cooperating with the PSOE at local level.[8]

IU currently has around 70,000 members.[11]

Composition

PartyNotes
Communist Party of Spain (PCE)
The Dawn Marxist Organization (La Aurora (OM))Joined in 1998
Republican Left (IR)Left in 2002, rejoined in 2011
Unitarian Candidacy of Workers (CUT)Left in 2015, rejoined in 2018
Feminist Party of Spain (PFE)Joined in October 2015, expelled in February 2020 due to stances on transgender rights.
Humanist Party (PH)April–July 1986
Carlist Party (PC)Expelled in 1987
Progressive Federation (FP)Left in December 1987
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)Left in 1988
Socialist Action Party (PASOC)Dissolved in 2001
Red Current (CR)Joined in 2002, left in 2004
Anti-capitalist Left (IA)Joined in 1995, left in 2008
Coalition for Melilla (CpM)Joined in 2008, left in 2013
Open Left (IzAb)Formed in February 2012, left in December 2018.

Federations of IU

Leaders

NamePeriodNotes
Gerardo Iglesias1986
Julio Anguita1986–1999
Francisco Frutos1999-2001
Gaspar Llamazares2001–2008
Cayo Lara2008–2016
Alberto Garzón2016–2023

Electoral performance

Cortes Generales

Cortes Generales
ElectionLeading candidateCongressSenateGov.
Votes%#Seats+/–Seats+/–
1986Gerardo Iglesias935,5044.65th
7 / 350
 3
0 / 208
 0Opposition
1989Julio Anguita1,858,5889.13rd
17 / 350
 10
1 / 208
 1Opposition
19932,253,7229.63rd
18 / 350
 1
0 / 208
 1Opposition
19962,639,77410.53rd
21 / 350
 3
0 / 208
 0Opposition
2000Francisco Frutos1,263,0435.43rd
8 / 350
 13
0 / 208
 0Opposition
2004Gaspar Llamazares1,284,0815.03rd
5 / 350
 3
1 / 208
 1Confidence and supply
2008969,9463.83rd
2 / 350
 3
1 / 208
 0Opposition
2011Cayo Larawith Plural Left
7 / 350
 5
0 / 208
 1Opposition
2015Alberto Garzónwith Popular Unity
2 / 350
 5
0 / 208
 0New election
2016with Unidos Podemos
8 / 350
 6
2 / 208
 2Opposition (2016–18)
Confidence and supply (2018–19)
Apr-2019with Unidas Podemos
5 / 350
 3
0 / 208
 2New election
Nov-2019with Unidas Podemos
5 / 350
 0
0 / 208
 0Coalition (PSOE–UP)
2023with Sumar
5 / 350
 0
0 / 208
 0Coalition (PSOE–Sumar)

European Parliament

European Parliament
ElectionLeading candidateVotes%#Seats+/–
1987Fernando Pérez Royo1,011,8305.34th
3 / 60
—
1989961,7426.14th
4 / 60
 1
1994Alonso Puerta2,497,67113.43rd
9 / 64
 5
19991,221,5665.83rd
4 / 64
 5
2004Willy Meyer643,1364.14th
2 / 54
 2
2009with The Left
2 / 54
 0
2014with Plural Left
4 / 54
 2
2019Sira Regowith UPCE
2 / 54
 2
2024Manu Pinedawith Sumar
0 / 61
 2

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Izquierda Unida.
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