Krasny Kholm, Krasnokholmsky District, Tver Oblast

What is now Krasny Kholm was first attested as the village of Spas-na-Kholmu as early as 1518.^{[citation needed]} The village belonged to the Antoniyev Monastery of St. Nicholas until its lands were secularized in 1764. In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate), but in 1727 it was transferred to Moscow Governorate.^{[citation needed]} In 1775, Tver Viceroyalty was formed from the lands which previously belonged to Moscow and Novgorod Governorates,^{[citation needed]} and in 1776, Krasnokholmsky Uyezd was established as a part of Tver Viceroyalty.^[12] In 1776, the village was granted town status and received its current name.^{[citation needed]} In 1796, the viceroyalty was transformed into Tver Governorate; Krasnokholmsky Uyezd was abolished, with its territory transferred to Vesyegonsky Uyezd.^[12] The railway between Rybinsk and St. Petersburg reached the town in 1899, boosting its development.

On March 10, 1918, Krasnokholmsky Uyezd was re-established.^[12] On April 25, 1921, it was transferred to newly established Rybinsk Governorate.^[13] On February 6, 1923, Rybinsk Governorate was abolished^{[citation needed]} and the uyezd was transferred back to Tver Governorate.^[13] On March 3, 1924, Krasnokholmsky Uyezd was abolished and split between Bezhetsky and Vesyegonsky Uyezds.^[13]

On July 12, 1929 the governorates and uyezds were abolished.^[13] Krasnokholmsky District, with the administrative center in Krasny Kholm, was established within Bezhetsk Okrug of Moscow Oblast on the territories which previously belonged to Bezhetsky and Vesyegonsky Uyezds.^[13] On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast.^[14] On January 29, 1935, Krasnokholmsky District was transferred to newly established Kalinin Oblast.^[13]

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Krasny Kholm serves as the administrative center of Krasnokholmsky District.^[5] As an administrative division, it is, together with two rural localities, incorporated within Krasnokholmsky District as Krasny Kholm Urban Settlement.^[2] As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban settlement status and is a part of Krasnokholmsky Municipal District.^[6]

The main industrial enterprise in the town is Krasny Kholm Electromechanical Plant. There are enterprises of timber, textile, and food industries as well.^[15]

A railway connecting Moscow and Mga via Sonkovo and Pestovo passes through Krasny Kholm. Krasny Kholm railway station is a major station in the town.

Krasny Kholm is connected by roads with Ustyuzhna via Vesyegonsk, with Tver via Bezhetsk, and with Sandovo via Molokovo. There are also local roads with bus traffic originating from Krasny Kholm.

Krasny Kholm contains thirteen cultural heritage monuments of federal significance and additionally forty objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance. The federal monuments are the buildings of the Antoniyev Krasnokholmsky Monastery.^[16] On the bank of the Mologa River, within two miles from the town, lie the ruins of the Antoniyev Monastery. The monastery cathedral was commissioned by Andrey Bolshoy in 1481; it was consecrated in 1493 and was rebuilt in limestone half a century later. This building—the oldest in the oblast—was reduced by the Bolsheviks to rubble; it still stands roofless and continues to decay. The Intercession Church (1596), as well as 17th-century walls and cells, were either demolished or mutilated beyond repair.

Krasnokholmsky District Museum, located in Krasny Holm, was established in 1964. It has expositions on local history.^[17]

Krasny Kholm was the birthplace of Oleg Lomakin and Alexander Myasnikov, who was one of the most famous therapists of the Soviet period. Myasnikov was present at Stalin's dacha (Kuntsevo Dacha) in the last days of Stalin.^{[citation needed]}

It is also thought that Krasny Kholm is linked to the myth of Kitezh.^{[citation needed]}

• Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №34-ЗО от 17 апреля 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области», в ред. Закона №66-ЗО от 1 октября 2014 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 18 Закона Тверской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Тверской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №17 (специальный выпуск), 19 апреля 2006 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #34-ZO of April 17, 2006 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast, as amended by the Law #66-ZO of October 1, 2014 On Amending Article 18 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Tver Oblast". Effective as of the official publication date.).
• Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №32-ЗО от 28 февраля 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований, входящих в состав территории муниципального образования Тверской области "Краснохолмский район", и наделении их статусом городского, сельского поселения», в ред. Закона №33-ЗО от 30 мая 2013 г. «О представительных органах и главах вновь образованных муниципальных образований Тверской области и о внесении изменений в отдельные Законы Тверской области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №10, 11–17 марта 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #32-ZO of February 28, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations Comprised by the Territory of the Municipal Formation of "Krasnokholmsky District" and on Granting Them the Status of Urban, Rural Settlements, as amended by the Law #33-ZO of May 30, 2013 On the Representative Bodies and Heads of Newly Established Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast an on Amending Various Laws of Tver Oblast. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
• Законодательное Собрание Тверской области. Закон №4-ЗО от 18 января 2005 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов», в ред. Закона №65-ЗО от 24 июля 2012 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 2 Закона Тверской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований Тверской области и наделении их статусом городских округов, муниципальных районов"». Вступил в силу через десять дней после официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Тверские ведомости", №3, 21–27 января 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Tver Oblast. Law #4-ZO of January 18, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts, as amended by the Law #65-ZO of July 24, 2012 On Amending Article 2 of the Law of Tver Oblast "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations of Tver Oblast and on Granting Them the Status of Urban Okrugs, Municipal Districts". Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).
• Снытко, О. В.; et al. (2009). С. Д. Трифонов; Т. Б. Чуйкова; Л. В. Федина; А. Э. Дубоносова (eds.). Административно-территориальное деление Новгородской губернии и области 1727-1995 гг. Справочник. [Administrative-Territorial Division of Novgorod Governorate and Oblast in 1727–1995. A Reference.] (PDF) (in Russian). Saint Petersburg. Retrieved August 19, 2014.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

• Ruins of the Krasnokholmsky Monastery