The Artemis program is a human spaceflight program by the United States. The Artemis program is intended to reestablish a human presence on the Moon for the first time since Apollo 17 in 1972; mid-term objectives include establishing an international expedition team, and a sustainable human presence on the Moon. Long-term objectives for Artemis are laying the foundations for the extraction of lunar resources, and eventually making crewed missions to Mars and beyond feasible.
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To date, missions in the program are aimed at exploration of the Moon, including crewed and robotic exploration of the lunar surface. Three flights of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle are currently planned for launch in the Artemis program in the early 2020s, beginning with Artemis 1. Before Artemis was named, the flights were referred to as "Orion missions". Numerous supporting scientific and technology demonstration missions are planned for launch under the program's Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS), in addition to planned and proposed uncrewed logistical missions to construct and resupply the Gateway and its expendable and reusable lunar landers in lunar orbit.
Main missions
| Mission | Launch date | Crew | Launch vehicle[a] | Launch pad | Duration[b] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EFT-1 | 5 December 2014 | — Uncrewed mission | Delta IV Heavy | Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, SLC-37B | 4h24m (success) | |
| Exploration Flight Test 1, high apogee high reentry test, carrying an uncrewed Orion capsule on its first spaceflight | ||||||
Artemis 1 | 16 November 2022[1][2] | — Uncrewed mission | SLS Block 1 Crew | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B | 25.5d (success) | |
| Maiden flight of the SLS, formerly "Exploration Mission 1" (EM1), carrying an uncrewed Orion capsule and ten CubeSats selected through several programs.[3] The payloads were sent on a trans-lunar injection trajectory.[4][5] | ||||||
| Artemis 2 | September 2025[6] |  Reid Wiseman Victor Glover Christina Koch Jeremy Hansen | SLS Block 1 Crew | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B | ≈10d | |
| First crewed flight, carrying four crew members on a circumlunar free-return trajectory. | ||||||
| Artemis 3 | September 2026[6] | TBA | SLS Block 1 Crew | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B | ≈30d | |
| Carrying Artemis III mission hardware. First lunar landing of the Artemis program.[7] | ||||||
| Artemis 4 | September 2028[8][9] | TBA | SLS Block 1B Crew | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B | ≈30d | |
| Second Artemis Lunar landing. Debut of the SLS Block 1B and the Exploration Upper Stage. Co-manifested delivery of the I-HAB module to the Lunar Gateway,[10][11] followed by a crewed lunar landing.[12] | ||||||
| Artemis 5 | March 2030[13][14] | TBA | SLS Block 1B Crew | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B | ≈30d | |
| Co-manifested delivery of the ESPRIT Refueling Module to the Lunar Gateway.[15] | ||||||
| Artemis 6 | March 2031[16] | TBA | SLS Block 1B Crew | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B | ≈30d | |
| Artemis 7 | March 2032[17][18] | TBA | SLS Block 1B Crew | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B | ≈30d | |
| Artemis 8 | 2033 (presumed)[18] | TBA | SLS Block 1B Crew | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B | ≈30d | |
| Artemis 9 (proposed) | 2034 (presumed)[19] | TBA | SLS Block 2 Crew | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B | ≈30d | |
| Artemis 10 (proposed) | 2035 (presumed) | TBA | SLS Block 2 Crew | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39B | <180d | |
Support missions
Technology demonstrations
Launched on 28 June 2022,[20] the Cislunar Autonomous Positioning System Technology Operations and Navigation Experiment ("CAPSTONE") mission is a small (25 kg) technology-demonstration spacecraft designed to test a low-energy trans-lunar trajectories and to demonstrate the near-rectilinear halo orbit (NRHO) intended to support lunar polar missions.[21]
Surface missions
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The Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) program will support the Artemis program by landing several small payloads focused on scouting for lunar resources, in situ resource utilization (ISRU) experiments and lunar science, in preparation for an extended human presence on the lunar surface.[22][23][24]
| Mission | Launch date | Operator | Lander | Rover | Launch pad | Launch vehicle[a] | Duration[b] | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peregrine Mission One | 8 January 2024 | Astrobotic | Peregrine | Iris | Cape Canaveral, SLC-41 | Vulcan Centaur | 10 days (failure) | [25] |
| The lander carried multiple payloads, with a total payload mass capacity of 90 kg.[26] However, the spacecraft was unable to reach the moon because of a propellant leak. It burned up over the Pacific Ocean on 18 January.[27] | ||||||||
| IM-1 | 15 February 2024 | Intuitive Machines | Nova-C | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39A | Falcon 9 | 7 days | [28] | |
| The lander carried six NASA-sponsored instruments, as well as six payloads from other customers, including EagleCAM.[29] The Odysseus lander successfully touched down at Malapert A near the lunar south pole on 22 February 2024.[30] The mission ended after 7 days with the onset of lunar night, after which no further signals from the spacecraft were received.[31] | ||||||||
| Blue Ghost M1 | Q3 2024 | Firefly Aerospace | Blue Ghost | TBA | Falcon 9 | ≈2 weeks | [32][33][34] | |
| Griffin Mission One | November 2024 | Astrobotic | Griffin | VIPER | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39A | Falcon Heavy | ≈100 Earth days | [35][36] |
| IM-2 | Q4 2024 | Intuitive Machines | Nova-C | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39A | Falcon 9 | [37] | ||
| IM-3 | Q1 2025 | Intuitive Machines | Nova-C | Lunar Vertex, CADRE × 4 | Kennedy Space Center, LC-39A | Falcon 9 | ≈9-10 Earth days | [37][38][39] |
| TBA | H1 2025 | TBA | TBA | TBA | TBA | TBA | ≈9-10 Earth days | [40] |
| TBA | Q4 2025 – Q1 2026 | TBA | TBA | TBA | TBA | TBA | ≈9-10 Earth days | [40] |
| ispace Mission 3 | 2026 | ispace / Draper | APEX 1.0 | TBA | TBA | ≈9-10 Earth days | [41][42][43] | |
Logistics missions
Uncrewed missions to assemble and resupply the Gateway will be executed as part of the Artemis program.[44]
| Launch date | Payload | |
|---|---|---|
| 2025[6] | HLS Uncrewed Lunar Demo | for Artemis 3 |
| November 2025[45] | Power and Propulsion Element (PPE) Habitation and Logistics Outpost (HALO) | |
| September 2026[6] | HLS Crewed Lunar Demo | |
| September 2028[17] | International Habitation Module (I-HAB) | for Artemis 4 |
| September 2028[17] | Sustaining HLS Crewed Lunar Demo | |
| 2028[46] | Dragon XL (GLS-1) | |
| September 2029[17] | ESPRIT Refueling Module (ERM) | for Artemis 5 |
| 2029[17] | GLS-2 | |
| September 2030[17] | Crew and Science Airlock module | for Artemis 6 |
| September 2030[17] | GLS-3 | |
| September 2031[17] | GLS-4 | for Artemis 7 |
See also
Notes
References
External links
- Artemis program at NASA