This is a list of British scientists.
A
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- Alcuin (735-804), scholar and theologian
- Adelard (1080-1150), mathematician, astronomer, alchemist, physicist philosopher
- Frederick Abel (1827–1902), chemist
- Arthur Adams (1820–1878), physician and naturalist
- William Grylls Adams (1836-1915), physicist and astronomer
- Edgar Douglas Adrian (1889–1977), electrophysiologist
- Arthur Aikin (1773–1855), chemist
- William Aiton (1731–1793), botanist
- John Albery (1936–2013), physical chemist
- John Arderne (1307-1392), physician and surgeon
- Francis William Aston (1877–1945), physicist
- David Attenborough (born 1926), naturalist
- Charlotte Auerbach (1899–1994), geneticist
- David Axon (1951–2012), astrophysicist
B
- Bede (672-735), mathematician and astronomer
- Charles Babbage (1791–1871), mathematician and computer pioneer
- Roger Bacon (1219–1292 approximately), philosopher, advocate of the scientific method
- John Logie Baird (1888–1946), television pioneer
- Isaac Barrow (1640-1676), mathematician
- James Bradley (1692-1762), astronomer
- John Hutton Balfour (1808–1884), botanist
- Neil Bartlett (1932–2008), chemist
- Derek Barton (1918–1998), chemist
- Henry Walter Bates (1825–1892), naturalist
- Patrick Bateson (1938–2017), zoologist
- Michael Bearpark (born 20th century), chemist
- John Beddington (born 1945), population biologist
- Thomas Bell (1792–1880), zoologist
- David Bellamy (1933–2019), botanist
- Ralph Benjamin (1922–2019), inventor
- Edward Turner Bennett (1797–1836), zoologist
- George Bentham (1800–1884), botanist
- Robert Bentley (1821–1893), botanist
- Tim Berners-Lee (born 1955), computer scientist
- Kevin Beurle (1956–2009), space scientist
- Thomas Bewick (1753–1828), wood-engraver and natural history author
- Sheila Bingham (Rodwell) (1947–2009), nutritional epidemiologist
- Ann Bishop (1899–1990), biologist who studied Plasmodium
- Joseph Black (1728–1799), chemist
- John Blackwall (1790–1881), naturalist who studied spiders
- Thomas Blakiston (1832–1891), naturalist
- William Thomas Blanford (1832–1905), geologist
- David Mervyn Blow (1931–2004), biophysicist
- Edward Blyth (1810–1873), ornithologist
- Edward August Bond (1815–1898), palaeographer
- Edmund John Bowen (1898–1980), physical chemist
- Humphry John Moule Bowen (1929–2001), chemist
- Edward Augustus Bowles (1865–1954), botanist
- Robert Boyle (1627–1691), "father of chemistry"
- Charles Vernon Boys (1855–1944), physicist
- Dennis Bray (born 20th century), biologist
- Malcolm Brenner (born 1951), clinical scientist who studies gene therapy and immunotherapy
- Sydney Brenner (1927–2019), molecular biologist
- Alan Brisdon (born 20th century), fluorine chemist
- Donald Broadbent (1926–1993), experimental psychologist
- Robert Brown (1773–1858), botanist
- David Bruce (1855–1931), pathologist and microbiologist who discovered Brucella
- Francis Buchanan-Hamilton (1762–1829), physician, geographer, zoologist, and botanist
- John Burdon-Sanderson (1828–1905), physiologist
- Jocelyn Bell Burnell (born 1943), astrophysicist
- Alan Butement (1904–1990), physicist
C
- Robert W. Cahn (1924–2007), metallurgist
- Sandy Cairncross (born 1948), epidemiologist
- George Caley (1770–1829), explorer and botanist
- Philip Pearsall Carpenter (1819–1877), conchologist
- Mark Catesby (1683–1749), naturalist
- Richard Caton (1842–1926), physiologist
- Henry Cavendish (1731–1810), physicist and chemist
- Colin Cherry (1914–1979), cognitive scientist
- Harriette Chick (1875–1977), microbiologist and protein scientist
- Samuel Hunter Christie (1784–1865), physicist and mathematician
- G. Marius Clore FRS (born 1955), molecular biophysicist
- Marcela Contreras (born 1942), blood expert and immunologist
- Verona Conway (1910–1986), plant ecologist
- Athel Cornish-Bowden (born 1943), biochemist
- Roger Coset (1682-1716), mathematician
- Charles Coulson (1910–1974), theoretical chemist
- Archibald Scott Couper (1831–1892), chemist
- Brian Cox (born 1968), physicist
- William Crabtree (1610-1644), mathematician and astronomer
- Eva Crane (1912–2007), entomologist
- Francis Crick (1916–2004), molecular biologist
- Andrew Crosse (1784–1855), pioneer in the study of electricity
- Alexander Crum Brown (1838–1922), organic chemist
- Nicholas Culpeper (1616–1654), botanist
- Allan Cunningham (1791–1839), botanist
- William Curtis (1746–1799), botanist
D
- John Dalton (1766–1844), chemist: "father of modern atomic theory"
- Charles Darwin (1809–1882), originator of the theory of natural selection
- Erasmus Darwin (1731–1802), naturalist
- George Darwin (1845-1912), astronomer
- Donald Davies (1924–2000), computer scientist
- Humphry Davy (1778–1829), chemist and inventor
- Richard Dawkins (born 1941), ethologist and evolutionary biologist
- James Dewar (1842–1923), chemist and physicist
- Lewis Weston Dillwyn (1778–1855), botanist and conchologist
- Paul Dirac (1902–1984), theoretical physicist
- Deborah Doniach (1912–2004), clinical immunologist
- James Donn (1758–1813), botanist
- Henry Doubleday (1808–1875), entomologist
- David Douglas (1799–1834), botanist
E
- George Edwards (1693–1773), ornithologist
- Harry Julius Emeléus (1903–1993), inorganic chemist
- Thomas Campbell Eyton (1809–1880), zoologist
F
- Hugh Falconer (1808–1865), palaeontologist
- Michael Faraday (1791–1867), pioneer of electricity
- John Farrah (1849–1907), English botanist and meteorologist
- Barry Fell (1917–1994), zoologist
- David Fell (born 1947), biochemist and systems biologist
- James Fisher (1922–1970), ornithologist
- Ronald Fisher (1890–1962), geneticist and statistician
- John Flamsteed (1646-1719), astronomer
- Jim Flegg (born 20th century), ornithologist
- Alexander Fleming (1881–1955), physician and microbiologist
- Thomas Bainbrigge Fletcher (1878–1950), entomologist
- E. B. Ford (1901–1988), ecological geneticist
- Jeff Forshaw (born 1968), particle physicist
- Robert Fortune (1813–1880), botanist
- Carey Foster (1835–1919), chemist and physicist
- Henry Foster (1797–1831), naval surveyor
- Ruth Fowler Edwards (1930–2013), geneticist
- Edward Frankland (1825–1899), chemist
- Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790), philosopher, physicist, political scientist
- Rosalind Franklin (1920–1958), X-ray crystallographer
- Elizabeth Fulhame (18th–19th centuries), chemist, pioneer in study of catalysis
- Vera Furness (1921–2002) industrial chemist
G
- William Gascoigne (1610-1644), mathematician and astronomer
- Patrick Geddes (1854–1932), biologist and geographer
- John Gerard (1545–1611/12), botanist
- Michael Gerzon (1945–1996), acoustic physicist
- William Gilbert (1544-1603), philosopher and physician
- Charles Henry Gimingham (1923–2018), botanist
- Stephan Gray (1666-1736), physicist who studied electrostatic induction
- Frederick DuCane Godman (1834–1919), naturalist and ornithologist
- Jane Goodall (born 1934), primatologist, ethologist and anthropologist
- June Goodfield (born 1927), historian of science
- Dougal Goodman (born 20th century), low-temperature physicist
- Guy Goodwin (born 1947), neuroscientist
- George Gordon (1806–1879), botanist
- Raymond Gosling (1926–2015), physicist
- Philip Henry Gosse (1810–1888), naturalist
- John Gould (1804–1881), ornithologist
- Monica Grady (born 1958), space scientist
- Thomas Graham (1805–1869) chemist
- George Robert Gray (1808–1872), zoologist
- John Edward Gray (1800–1875), zoologist
- Malcolm Green (1936–2020), inorganic chemist
- Edward Grey (1862–1933), ornithologist
- Frederick Griffith (1879–1941), bacteriologist
- Robert Grosseteste (1168-1253), mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, theologian
- Albert Günther (1830–1914), zoologist
- Frederick Guthrie (1833–1886), physicist and chemist
- Helen Gwynne-Vaughan (1879–1967), botanist and mycologist
H
- J. B. S. Haldane (1892–1964), evolutionary biologist
- John Scott Haldane (1860–1936), physiologist
- Wendy Hall (born 1952), computer scientist
- Edmond Halley (1656–1742), astronomer
- Frances Mary Hamer (1894–1980), chemist
- William Donald Hamilton (1936–2000), evolutionary biologist
- Sylvanus Charles Thorp Hanley (1819–1899), conchologist and malacologist
- William Vernon Harcourt (1789–1871), clergyman and student of glass
- Arthur Harden (1865–1940), biochemist
- Anita Harding (1952–1995), neurologist
- Thomas Hardwicke (1755–1835), naturalist
- Alister Clavering Hardy (1896–1985), marine biologist
- Richard Harrison (born 20th century), physicist
- William Henry Harvey (1811–1866), phycologist
- Charles Hatchett (1765–1847), mineralogist and analytical chemist
- Walter Norman Haworth (1883–1950), chemist
- Stephen Hawking (1942–2018), cosmologist
- Arthur Hay (1824–1878), ornithologist
- Oliver Heaviside (1850–1925), mathematician and physicist
- James Hector (1834–1907), geologist and naturalist
- John Stevens Henslow (1796–1861), mineralogist and botanist
- William Herschel (1738-1822), astronomer
- Vernon Heywood (1927–2022), botanist
- Julia Higgins (born 1942), polymer scientist
- Peter Higgs (1929–2024), particle physicist
- Archibald Vivian Hill (1886–1977), physiologist,
- Cyril Norman Hinshelwood (1897–1967), physical chemist
- Peter Hirsch (born 1925), minerals scientist
- George Hockham (1938–2013), electromagnetic engineer
- Dorothy Hodgkin (1910–1994), chemist
- Brian Houghton Hodgson (1800–1894), naturalist
- Anthony Hollander (born 1964), integrative biologist
- Robert Hooke (1635–1703), natural philosopher
- Joseph Dalton Hooker (1817–1911), botanist
- William Jackson Hooker (1785–1865), botanist
- Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1861–1947), biochemist
- Jeremiah Horrocks (1618-1641), astronomer
- Victor Horsley (1857–1916), medical scientist
- Albert Howard (1873–1947), botanist
- Henry Eliot Howard (1873–1940), ornithologist
- Allan Octavian Hume (1829–1912), ornithologist
- Rob Hume (born 20th century), ornithologist
- Robert Hues (1553-1632), geographer
- Rosalinde Hurley (1929–2004), microbiologist
- Harold Edwin Hurst (1880–1978), hydrologist
- Janet Husband (born 20th century), radiologist
- Frederick Hutton (1835–1905), biologist and geologist
- Hugh Huxley (1924–2013), muscle biochemist
- Julian Sorell Huxley (1887–1975), zoologist and evolutionary theorist
- Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895), zoologist
I
- Ray Iles (born 20th century), oncologist
- Jan Ingenhousz (1730–1799), botanist
- Jane Ingham (1897–1982), botanist
- Christopher Kelk Ingold (1893–1970), mechanistic organic chemist
- Keith Ingold (1929–2023), chemist
- Tom Iredale (1880–1972), conchologist and ornithologist
J
- William Jardine (1800–1874), naturalist
- Alec Jeffreys (born 1950), geneticist
- Edward Jenner (1749–1823), pioneer immunologist
- John Gwyn Jeffreys (1809–1885), conchologist and malacologist
- Thomas C. Jerdon (1811–1872), zoologist and botanist
- Harren Jhoti (born 1962), structural biologist
- Joanne Johnson (born 1977): geologist, Antarctic scientist
- Mark H. Johnson (born 1960), cognitive neuroscientist
- Pauline Johnson (born 20th century), immunologist and microbiologist
- James Prescott Joule (1818-1889), physicist and chemist
K
- Henrik Kacser (1918–1995), geneticist and biochemist
- Charles K. Kao (1933–2018), electrical engineer and physicist
- Alan R. Katritzky (1928–2014), chemist
- Janet Kear (1933–2004), ornithologist
- Frank Kearton (1911–1992), chemist
- Peter Keightley (born 20th century), evolutionary geneticist
- Douglas Kell (born 1953), biochemist
- David Kelly (1944–2003), weapons expert
- 1st Baron Kelvin, born William Thomson (1824–1907), mathematical physicist
- John Kendrew (1917–1997) biochemist and crystallographer
- Gerald A. Kerkut (1927–2004), zoologist and physiologist
- Ebenezer Kinnersley (1711-1778), physicist
- Alexander King (1909–2007), chemist
- Norman Boyd Kinnear (1882–1957), zoologist
- William Kirby (1759–1850), entomologist
- Aaron Klug (1926–2018), biophysicist and chemist
- Gilbert Knowles (1667–1734), botanist
- Jeremy Knowles (1935–2008), enzyme chemist
- Rudolf Kompfner (1909–1977), engineer and physicist
- Harry Kroto (1939–2016), chemist.
- John Howard Kyan (1774–1850), inventor of a process for preserving wood
L
- David Lack (1910–1973), ornithologist
- Patrick Laidlaw (1881–1940), virologist
- Aylmer Bourke Lambert (1761–1842), botanist
- Hugh Lamprey (1928–1996), ecologist
- John Latham (1740–1837), ornithologist
- John Latham (1937–2021), physicist
- Colin Leakey (1933–2018), tropical botanist
- Louis Leakey (1903–1972), archaeologist and naturalist
- Louise Leakey (born 1972), paleontologist
- Mary Leakey (1913–1996), paleoanthropologist
- Meave Leakey (born 1942), paleontologist
- Richard Leakey (1944–2022), paleontologist and archaeologist
- John Henry Lefroy (1817–1890), physicist and magnetism surveyor
- John Lennard-Jones (1894–1954), theoretical physicist
- John Lightfoot (1735–1788), conchologist and botanist
- John Lindley (1799–1865), botanist
- Joseph Lister (1827–1912), pioneer of antiseptic surgery
- Christopher Longuet-Higgins (1923–2004), theoretical chemist and cognitive scientist
- John Claudius Loudon (1783–1843), botanist
- Ada Lovelace (1815–1852), mathematician and computing pioneer
- James Lovelock (1919–2022), father of the Gaia hypothesis
- Percy Lowe (1870–1948), ornithologist
- Martin Lowry (1874–1936), physical chemist
- Richard Lydekker (1849–1915), naturalist
M
- John Macadam (1827–1865), botanist
- George G. Macfarlane (1916–2007), researcher on radar
- William MacGillivray (1796–1852), naturalist
- Walcher of Malvern (death 1135), mathematician
- Harry Marsh (1926–2023), carbon chemist
- Charles James Martin (1866–1955), epidemiologist
- John Martyn (1699–1768), botanist
- Thomas Martyn (1735–1825), botanist, entomologist and conchologist
- Francis Masson (1741–1805), botanist
- Neil D. Mathur (born 20th century), materials physicist
- James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879), physicist
- Harold Maxwell-Lefroy (1877–1925), entomologist
- John McCafferty (born 20th century), immunologist
- Robert May (1936–2020), ecologist and mathematician
- Edmund Meade-Waldo (1855–1934), ornithologist
- Archibald Menzies (1754–1852), naturalist
- Peter H Millard (1937–2018), geriatrician
- Philip Miller (1691–1771), botanist
- John F. B. Mitchell (born 1948), climatologist
- Peter Mitchell (1920–1992), biochemist
- George Jackson Mivart (1827–1900), biologist
- Henry Moseley (1887–1915), physicist, originator of the concept atomic number
- William Musgrave (1655–1721), physician and antiquary
N
- John Napier (1550–1617), mathematician, physicist and astronomer
- John Needham (1713–1781), naturalist
- Joseph Needham (1900–1995), biochemist and historian
- Charles F. Newcombe (1851–1924), botanist
- John Newlands (1837–1898), chemist who studied the periodicity of elements
- Alfred Newton (1829–1907), zoologist
- Isaac Newton (1642–1726/27), mathematician, physicist and astronomer
- Henry Alleyne Nicholson (1844–1899), zoologist
- William Nicholson (1753–1815), chemist
- Denis Noble (born 1936), physiologist
- Ronald George Wreyford Norrish (1897–1978), chemist
- Thomas Norton (1416-1513), alchemist
- Paul Nurse (born 1949), biochemist and geneticist
O
- William of Ockham (1287-1347), physicist and philosopher
- William Ogilby (1808–1873), naturalist
- Bridget Ogilvie (born 1938), parasitologist
- William Robert Ogilvie-Grant (1863–1924), ornithologist
- Tony Orchard (1941–2005) inorganic chemist.
- Edward Latham Ormerod (1819–1873), physician and entomologist
- Eleanor Anne Ormerod (1828–1901), entomologist
- William Charles Osman Hill (1901–1975), anatomist and primatologist
- Ian Osterloh (born 20th century), clinical researcher
- Richard Owen (1804–1892), biologist, palaeontologist and taxonomist
P
- Edward Palmer (1829–1911), botanist
- Woodbine Parish (1796–1882), geology and palaeontologist
- William Paterson (1755–1810), botanist and explorer
- Arthur Lindo Patterson (1902–1966), X-ray crystallographer
- Robert Patterson (1802–1872), naturalist
- David Peakall (1931–2001), toxicologist
- Thomas Pennant (1726–1798), naturalist and antiquary
- Joseph Barclay Pentland (1797–1873), geographer
- William Henry Perkin (1838–1907), organic chemist
- William Henry Perkin, Jr. (1860–1929), organic chemist
- Max Perutz (1914–2002), x-ray crystallographer and molecular biologist
- George Perry (born 1771), naturalist
- Samuel Victor Perry (1918–2009), muscle biochemist
- Eva Philbin (1914–2005), chemist
- Chris Phillips (born ca. 1958), physicist
- Constantine John Phipps (1744–1792), explorer
- David Andrew Phoenix (born 1966), biochemist
- Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge (1860–1905), entomologist
- Octavius Pickard-Cambridge (1828–1917), entomologist
- Henry Piddington (1797–1858), meteorologist
- Andrew Pitman (born 1964), atmospheric scientist
- Reginald Innes Pocock (1863–1947), taxonomist
- Vicky Pope (born 20th century), climatologist
- John Pople (1925–2004), theoretical chemist
- Cicely Popplewell (1920–1995), computer scientist
- George Porter (1920–2002), chemist
- Thomas Littleton Powys (1833–1896), ornithologist
- James Price (1752—1783), chemist
- Joseph Hubert Priestley (1883–1944), botanist
- Joseph Priestley (1733–1804), chemist and philosopher
R
- Stamford Raffles (1781–1826), statesman and botanist
- Venki Ramakrishnan (born 1952), structural biologist
- William Ramsay (1852–1916), chemist who discovered the noble gases
- Matthew Raper (1705–1778), astronomer and mathematician
- Chris Rapley (born 1947), climatologist
- John Ray, also written John Wray (1627–1705), naturalist
- Lovell Augustus Reeve (1814–1865), conchologist
- Michael Reiss (born 1960), bioethicist
- Osborne Reynolds (1842–1912), physicist
- Tracey Reynolds (born early 1970s), sociologist
- John Richardson (1787–1865) naval surgeon, naturalist and arctic explorer
- Henry Nicholas Ridley (1855–1956) botanist, geologist and naturalist
- George Ripley (1415-1490), alchemist
- Robert Robinson (1886–1975) organic chemist
- Sheila Rodwell (Sheila Bingham, 1947–2009), nutritional epidemiologist
- Lawrence Rooke (1622-1662), mathematician and astronomer
- Miriam Louisa Rothschild (1908–2005), entomologist
- Walter Rothschild (1868–1937), zoologist
- William Roxburgh (1759–1815), botanist
- Gordon Rugg (born 1955), computer scientist
- Daniel Rutherford (1749–1819), physician, chemist and botanist
- Ernest Rutherford (1871–1937), physicist, known as the father of nuclear physics
- Bertrand Russell (1872–1970), philosopher and mathematician
S
- Joseph Sabine (1770–1837), botanist and horticulturist
- Johannes de Sacrobosco (1195-1256), mathematician and astronomer
- Edward James Salisbury (1886–1978), botanist
- Richard Anthony Salisbury (1761–1829), botanist
- Frederick Sanger (1918–2013), biochemist
- Herbert M. Sauro (born 1960), biochemist and systems biologist
- Thomas Savery (17-18th century), Engineer who invented the first commercial steam pump
- Philip Sclater (1829–1913), zoologist
- Henry Seebohm (1832–1895), ornithologist
- Prideaux John Selby (1788–1867), botanist and ornithologist
- Sydney Selwyn (1934–1996), medical microbiologist
- Nigel Shadbolt (born 1956), computer scientist
- Richard Bowdler Sharpe (1847–1909), zoologist
- George Shaw (1751–1813), botanist and zoologist
- George Ernest Shelley (1840–1910), ornithologist
- John Sherwood (ca. 1933 to 2020), physical organic chemist
- Charles Scott Sherrington (1857–1922), physiologist and neuroscientist
- Andrew Smith (1797–1872), zoologist
- Edgar Albert Smith (1847–1916), zoologist and conchologist
- Frederick Smith (1805–1879), entomologist
- George D. W. Smith (born 1943), materials scientist
- James Edward Smith (1759–1828), botanist
- John Maynard Smith (1920–2004), biologist
- Douglas Spalding (1841–1877), behaviourist
- Walter Baldwin Spencer (1860–1929), anthropologist
- Charles Stanhope (1753–1816), mathematician and physicist
- Edward Stanley (1775–1851), naturalist
- James Francis Stephens (1792–1853), zoologist
- Frederick Campion Steward (1904–1993), botanist
- James Stirling (1953–2018), physicist
- Peter A. Stott (born 20th century), climatologist
- John Struthers (1823–1899), anatomist
- Audrey Stuckes (1923–2006), material scientist
- Samuel Stutchbury (1798–1859), naturalist and geologist
- William John Swainson (1789–1855), ornithologist, malacologist, conchologist and entomologist
- Robert Swinhoe (1836–1877), naturalist
- Peter Sykes (1923–2003), chemist
- William Henry Sykes (1790–1872), ornithologist
- Frederick Soddy (1877-1956), chemist
T
- Oldfield Thomas (1858–1929) zoologist
- Benjamin Thompson (Count Rumford, 1753–1814), physicist and inventor
- D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson (1860–1942), mathematician and biologist
- William Thompson (1805–1852), ornithologist and naturalist
- Charles Wyville Thomson (1832–1882), marine biologist
- J. J. Thomson (1856–1940), physicist
- William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), 1824–1907), physicist
- Samuel Tickell (1811–1875), ornithologist
- Stephen Toulmin (1922–2009), philosopher and historian of science
- John Sealy Townsend (1868–1957), mathematical physicist
- Thomas Stewart Traill (1781–1862), doctor and naturalist
- Eric Trist (1909–1993), psychologist
- Henry Baker Tristram (1822–1906), ornithologist
- Bernard Tucker (1901–1950), ornithologist
- Marmaduke Tunstall (1743–1790), ornithologist
- Alan Turing (1912–1954), computer scientist
- Arthur James Turner (1889–1971), textile technologist
- William Turton (1762–1835), naturalist
U
- James Underwood (born 1942), pathologist
- Olga Uvarov (1910–2001), veterinary surgeon
V
- Nicholas Aylward Vigors (1785–1840), zoologist
W
- Nicholas Wald (born 20th century), Professor of Preventive Medicine
- Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), naturalist and biologist
- Richard of Wallingford (1292-1336), mathematician, astronomer, astrologer
- Kevin Warwick (born 1954), computer scientist and neurobiologist
- Charles Waterton (1782–1865), naturalist
- Andrew Watson (born 1952), marine biologist
- Alexander Watt (1892–1985), botanist
- John Westwyk (born 14th century), astronomer
- Edwin C. Webb (1921–2006), biochemist
- Philip Barker Webb (1793–1854), botanist
- Hugh Algernon Weddell (1819–1877), botanist
- Richard Burkewood Welbourn (1919–2005), endocrinologist
- Michael Wells (born 1952), pathologist
- Thomas Summers West (1927–2010), chemist
- Michael Whelan (born 1931), materials scientist
- William Joseph Whelan (1924–2021) biochemist
- Gilbert White (1720–1795), naturalist
- John White (c. 1756–1832), botanist
- Frank Whittle (1907–1996), engineer and aviation pioneer
- Elsie Widdowson (1906–2000), nutritionist
- Maurice Wilkins (1916–2004), biophysicist
- James H. Wilkinson (1919–1986), numerical analyst
- Mark Williamson (born 20th century), biologist
- Francis Willoughby (1635-1672), ornithologist and ichthyologist
- Alan Wilson (born 1939), mathematician
- Alexander Wilson (1766–1813), ornithologist
- E. A. Wilson (1872–1912), naturalist
- Greg Winter (born 1951), molecular biologist
- Heinz Wolff (1928–2017), bioengineer
- John Wray, also written John Ray (1627–1705), naturalist
Y
- William Yarrell (1784–1856), naturalist
- John Zachary Young (1907–1997), neurophysiologist
- Thomas Young (1773–1829), polymath
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