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List of offshore wind farms

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This article lists the largest offshore wind farms that are currently operational rated by nameplate capacity. It also lists the largest offshore wind farms currently under construction, the largest proposed offshore wind farms, and offshore wind farms with notability other than size.

Four offshore wind farms are in the Thames Estuary area: Kentish Flats, Gunfleet Sands, Thanet and London Array. The latter was largest in the world.
Map
Offshore wind farm locations

As of 2022, Hornsea 2 in the United Kingdom is the largest offshore wind farm in the world at 1,386 MW.[1]

Largest operational offshore wind farms

This is a list of offshore wind farms with at least 400 MW nameplate capacity that are currently operational.

Wind farmLocationCoordinatesCapacity
(MW)		Turbines
number		Turbines
model		Commissioning
date		Refs
Hornsea Project TwoUnited Kingdom53°54′36.0″N 1°33′6.5″E / 53.910000°N 1.551806°E / 53.910000; 1.551806 (Hornsea Project Two (1368 MW))1,386165Siemens Gamesa 8.0-167 DD2022[2][3]
Hornsea Project OneUnited Kingdom53°53′6″N 1°47′28″E / 53.88500°N 1.79111°E / 53.88500; 1.79111 (Hornsea Project One (1218 MW))1,218174Siemens Gamesa SWT-7.0-1542019[4][5]
SeagreenUnited Kingdom56°35′17″N 1°44′28″W / 56.58806°N 1.74111°W / 56.58806; -1.74111 (Seagreen (1075 MW))1,075114MHI Vestas V164-10 MW2023[6]
Moray EastUnited Kingdom58°10′1.49″N 2°41′54.67″W / 58.1670806°N 2.6985194°W / 58.1670806; -2.6985194 (Moray East (950 MW))950100MHI Vestas V164-9.5 MW2022[7]
Greater Changhua (1 & 2A)Taiwan24°09′21″N 119°52′10″E / 24.1558°N 119.8694°E / 24.1558; 119.8694 (Greater Changhua 1 & 2A (900 MW))900111Siemens Gamesa 8.0-167 DD2024[8]
Triton KnollUnited Kingdom53°24′N 0°54′E / 53.400°N 0.900°E / 53.400; 0.900 (Triton Knoll (857 MW))85790MHI Vestas V164-9.5 MW2021[9][10]
Hollandse Kust NoordNetherlands52°42′54.4″N 4°15′3.6″E / 52.715111°N 4.251000°E / 52.715111; 4.251000 (Hollandse Kust Noord (759 MW))75969Siemens Gamesa 11.0-200 DD2023[11]
Borssele I & IINetherlands51°42′10″N 3°4′34″E / 51.70278°N 3.07611°E / 51.70278; 3.07611 (Borssele I & II (752 MW))75294Siemens Gamesa 8MW2020[12][13]
Borssele III & IVNetherlands51°42′25.2″N 2°54′44.6″E / 51.707000°N 2.912389°E / 51.707000; 2.912389 (Borssele III & IV (731.5 MW))731.577MHI Vestas V164-9.5 MW2021[14][15]
East Anglia ONEUnited Kingdom52°39′57″N 2°17′44″E / 52.66583°N 2.29556°E / 52.66583; 2.29556 (East Anglia ONE (714 MW))714102Siemens Gamesa SWT-7.0-1542020[16][17]
Walney ExtensionUnited Kingdom54°2′38.4″N 3°31′19.2″W / 54.044000°N 3.522000°W / 54.044000; -3.522000 (Walney Extension (659 MW))65940+47MHI-Vestas 8.25 MW
Siemens Gamesa SWT-7.0-154		2018[18]
London ArrayUnited Kingdom51°38′38″N 01°33′13″E / 51.64389°N 1.55361°E / 51.64389; 1.55361 (London Array (630 MW))630175Siemens Gamesa SWT-3.6-1202013[19][20][21]
Kriegers FlakDenmark55°3′46″N 13°0′17″E / 55.06278°N 13.00472°E / 55.06278; 13.00472 (Kriegers Flak (605 MW))60572Siemens Gamesa SWT-8.4-1672021[22][23]
Gemini Wind FarmNetherlands54°2′9.6″N 5°57′46.8″E / 54.036000°N 5.963000°E / 54.036000; 5.963000 (Gemini Wind Farm (600 MW))600150Siemens Gamesa SWT-4.02017[24][25][26][27]
BeatriceUnited Kingdom58°7′48″N 3°4′12″W / 58.13000°N 3.07000°W / 58.13000; -3.07000 (Beatrice Wind Farm (588 MW))58884Siemens Gamesa SWT-7.0-1542019[28]
Gode Wind (phases 1+2)Germany54°3′0″N 7°1′48″E / 54.05000°N 7.03000°E / 54.05000; 7.03000 (Gode Wind I+II (582 MW))58297Siemens Gamesa SWT-6.0-1542017[29][30]
Gwynt y MôrUnited Kingdom53°27′N 3°35′W / 53.450°N 3.583°W / 53.450; -3.583 (Gwynt y Môr (576 MW))576160Siemens Gamesa SWT-3.6-1072015[31]
Race BankUnited Kingdom53°16′30″N 0°50′0″E / 53.27500°N 0.83333°E / 53.27500; 0.83333 (Race Bank (573 MW))57391Siemens Gamesa SWT-6.0-1542018[32][33]
Greater GabbardUnited Kingdom51°52′48″N 1°56′24″E / 51.88000°N 1.94000°E / 51.88000; 1.94000 (Greater Gabbard wind farm (504 MW))504140Siemens Gamesa SWT-3.6-1072012[34][35][36]
Jiangsu Qidong H1+H2China32°7′12″N 122°9′36″E / 32.12000°N 122.16000°E / 32.12000; 122.16000 (Jiangsu Qidong H1+H2 (503 MW))50384Shanghai Electric2021[37][38]
CGN Shanwei Jiazi IChina22°36′05″N 116°05′07″E / 22.6015°N 116.0854°E / 22.6015; 116.0854 (CGN Shanwei Jiazi I (503 MW))50378MySE6.45-1802022[39]
Jieyang Shenquan IIChina22°40′02″N 116°18′58″E / 22.6673°N 116.3162°E / 22.6673; 116.3162 (Jieyang Shenquan II (502 MW))50234+16Shanghai Electric2022[40]
Shandong Bozhong B2China38°16′26″N 118°55′21″E / 38.2739°N 118.9225°E / 38.2739; 118.9225 (Shandong Bozhong B2 (501.5 MW))501.5592023[41]
Shandong Bozhong AChina38°18′01″N 118°32′26″E / 38.3003°N 118.5405°E / 38.3003; 118.5405 (Shandong Bozhong A (501 MW))50160CSIC Haizhuang H220-8.352022[42]
Huadian Yangjiang Qingzhou IIIChina20°58′12″N 111°36′29″E / 20.9699°N 111.6080°E / 20.9699; 111.6080 (Huadian Yangjiang Qingzhou III (500.6 MW))500.637+30MySE6.8-158
MySE8.3-180		2022[43]
CGN Shanwei HouhuChina22°42′55″N 116°03′30″E / 22.7152°N 116.0582°E / 22.7152; 116.0582 (CGN Shanwei Houhu (500.5 MW))500.591MingYang MySE5.5-1552021[44]
Hohe SeeGermany54°26′N 6°19′E / 54.433°N 6.317°E / 54.433; 6.317 (Hohe See (497 MW))49771Siemens Gamesa SWT-7.0-1542019[45]
Saint-BrieucFrance48°51′36″N 2°32′6″W / 48.86000°N 2.53500°W / 48.86000; -2.53500 (Saint-Brieuc Wind Farm (496 MW))49662Siemens Gamesa SG 8.0-167 DD2023[46][47][48]
Saint-Nazaire [fr]France47°9′38″N 2°37′36″W / 47.16056°N 2.62667°W / 47.16056; -2.62667 (Saint-Nazaire Wind Farm (480 MW))48080GE Haliade 150-6MW2022[49]
Borkum Riffgrund 2Germany53°56′49″N 6°29′7″E / 53.94694°N 6.48528°E / 53.94694; 6.48528 (Borkum Riffgrund 2 (450 MW))45056MHI Vestas V164-8.0 MW2019[50]
Horns Rev 3Denmark55°41′49″N 7°40′9″E / 55.69694°N 7.66917°E / 55.69694; 7.66917 (Horns Rev 3 (407 MW))40749MHI Vestas V164-8.3 MW2019[51]
CGN Shanwei Jiazi IIChina22°37′15″N 116°09′48″E / 22.6209°N 116.1632°E / 22.6209; 116.1632 (CGN Shanwei Jiazi II (403 MW))40362MySE6.45-1802022[39][52]
DudgeonUnited Kingdom53°14′56.4″N 1°23′24.0″E / 53.249000°N 1.390000°E / 53.249000; 1.390000 (Dudgeon Offshore Wind Farm (402 MW))40267Siemens Gamesa SWT-6.0-1542017[53]
Veja MateGermany54°40′N 6°10′E / 54.667°N 6.167°E / 54.667; 6.167 (Veja Mate Wind Farm (402 MW))40267Siemens Gamesa SWT-6.0-1542017[54][55]
CGN Yangjiang Nanpeng IslandChina21°28′13″N 112°15′16″E / 21.4702°N 112.2545°E / 21.4702; 112.2545 (CGN Yangjiang Nanpeng Island (401.5 MW))401.573Mingyang MY-5.5 MW2020[56][57]
AnholtDenmark56°36′0″N 11°12′36″E / 56.60000°N 11.21000°E / 56.60000; 11.21000 (Anholt Offshore Wind Farm (400 MW))400111Siemens Gamesa SWT-3.6-1202013[58][59][60][61]
BARD Offshore 1Germany54°21′30″N 5°58′30″E / 54.35833°N 5.97500°E / 54.35833; 5.97500 (BARD Offshore 1 (400 MW))40080BARD 5.0MW2013[62][63][64]
Global Tech I [de]Germany54°30′0″N 6°21′30″E / 54.50000°N 6.35833°E / 54.50000; 6.35833 (Global Tech I (400 MW))40080Areva Multibrid M5000 5.0MW2015[65]
RampionUnited Kingdom50°39′53″N 0°16′44″W / 50.66472°N 0.27889°W / 50.66472; -0.27889 (Rampion (400 MW))400116MHI Vestas V112-3.45 MW2018[66]
Binhai North H2China34°30′00″N 120°20′00″E / 34.50000°N 120.33333°E / 34.50000; 120.33333 (Binhai North Wind)400100Siemens Gamesa SWT-4.0-1202018[67]
CTGNE Yangjiang Shapa - phase IIChina21°19′05″N 111°29′18″E / 21.3180°N 111.4882°E / 21.3180; 111.4882 (CTGNE Yangjiang Shapa - phase II (400 MW))40062Mingyang MySE6.45-1802021[68][69]
Rudong H6China400100Siemens Gamesa SWT-4.0-1462021[70][68]
Rudong H10China400100Siemens Gamesa SWT-4.0-1462021[71][68]
SPIC Rudong H7China400100Siemens Gamesa SWT-4.0-1462021[72]
SPIC Rudong H4China400100Siemens Gamesa SWT-4.0-1462021[73]

Largest under construction

This is a list of wind farms with a nameplate capacity of more than 400 MW currently under construction.

Wind farmLocationCoordinatesCapacity
(MW)		Turbines & modelCompletionOwnershipRefs
SofiaUnited Kingdom54°58′45.8″N 2°13′48.4″E / 54.979389°N 2.230111°E / 54.979389; 2.230111 (Sofia (1400 MW))1,400100 × Siemens Gamesa 14MW2026RWE[74]
Dogger Bank AUnited Kingdom54°44′56.0″N 1°55′48.4″E / 54.748889°N 1.930111°E / 54.748889; 1.930111 (Dogger Bank A (1200 MW))1,20095 × GE Haliade-X 13MW2023SSE (40%), Equinor (40%), Vårgrønn (20%)[75]
Dogger Bank BUnited Kingdom54°59′11.8″N 1°39′43.9″E / 54.986611°N 1.662194°E / 54.986611; 1.662194 (Dogger Bank B (1200 MW))1,20095 × GE Haliade-X 13MW2024SSE (40%), Equinor (40%), Vårgrønn (20%)[75]
Borkum Riffgrund 3Germany54°2′35″N 6°11′46″E / 54.04306°N 6.19611°E / 54.04306; 6.19611 (Borkum Riffgrund 3 (913 MW))91383 × Siemens Gamesa 11.0-200 DD2025Ørsted[76]
Moray WestUnited Kingdom58°5′38″N 2°59′17″W / 58.09389°N 2.98806°W / 58.09389; -2.98806 (Moray West (882 MW))88260 × Siemens Gamesa 14-222 DD2025[77]
Vineyard WindUnited States41°02′00″N 70°37′00″W / 41.03325°N 70.61667°W / 41.03325; -70.61667 (Vineyard Wind (800 MW))80062 x 13.6MW GE Haliade-X2024CIP(50%), Avangrid (50%)[78][79][80][81]
Hollandse Kust (Zuid) III & IVNetherlands52°22′0.001″N 4°7′0.001″E / 52.36666694°N 4.11666694°E / 52.36666694; 4.11666694 (Hollandse Kust (Zuid) III & IV (770 MW))77070 × Siemens Gamesa 11.0-200 DD2023Vattenfall (50.5%), BASF(24.3%) and Allianz(25.2%)[82]
Hollandse Kust (Zuid) I & IINetherlands52°22′0.001″N 4°7′0.001″E / 52.36666694°N 4.11666694°E / 52.36666694; 4.11666694 (Hollandse Kust (Zuid) I & II (770 MW))75969 × Siemens Gamesa 11.0-200 DD2023Vattenfall (50.5%), BASF(24.3%) and Allianz(25.2%)[83]
Revolution WindUnited States41°07′30″N 71°23′17″W / 41.124974°N 71.38818°W / 41.124974; -71.3881870464 × Siemens Gamesa 11.0-200 DD2024Ørsted (50%), GIP (50%)[84][85][86]

[87][88]

YunlinTaiwan23°35′09″N 120°01′48″E / 23.5859°N 120.0300°E / 23.5859; 120.0300 (Yunlin (640 MW))64080 × Siemens Gamesa 8.0-167 DD2023[89][90]
ChangfangTaiwan24°00′11″N 120°08′20″E / 24.0030°N 120.1388°E / 24.0030; 120.1388 (Changfang 1 & 2 (541.5 MW))58962 × MHI Vestas V174-9.5 MW2023[91][92][93]
Guodian Xiangshan 1 phase 2China50041 x 12MW units2025[39][94]
FécampFrance49°54′15.1″N 0°13′13.1″E / 49.904194°N 0.220306°E / 49.904194; 0.220306 (Fécamp Wind Farm (497 MW))49771 × Siemens Gamesa SWT-7.0-1542023EDF (82.1%), Enbridge (17.9%)[95]
Baltic EagleGermany54°49′29.3″N 13°51′42.1″E / 54.824806°N 13.861694°E / 54.824806; 13.861694 (Baltic Eagle (476 MW))47650 × MHI Vestas V174-9.5 MW2024Iberdrola[96]
CalvadosFrance49°27′22″N 0°29′53″W / 49.45611°N 0.49806°W / 49.45611; -0.49806 (Calvados Wind Farm (448 MW))44864 × Siemens Gamesa SWT-7.0-1542024EDF (88.3%), Enbridge (21.7%)[97]
Neart na GaoitheUnited Kingdom56°16′4″N 2°19′15″W / 56.26778°N 2.32083°W / 56.26778; -2.32083 (Neart na Gaoithe (448 MW))45054 × Siemens Gamesa 8.0-167 DD2023EDF, ESB[98][99]

Largest proposed

The following table lists largest offshore wind farm areas (by nameplate capacity) that are only at a proposal stage, and have achieved at least some of the formal consents required before construction can begin.

Wind farmLocationCoordinatesCapacity
(MW)		Projected completionConsentsRefs
ChaozhouChina43,300Projected to start work before 2025[100]
Sinan Korea OffshoreSouth Korea8,2002030Project approved in 2021. Estimated cost: €36 billion.[101][102][103]
Berwick BankUnited Kingdom4,1002027SSE merged Berwick Bank (2.3GW) and Marr Bank (1.85GW) into single project.[104] Planning application will be sent to Scottish government in Spring 2022. If accepted, project will be shovel ready by 2024 and will be generating electricity by 2027[105][106][107][108][109][110]
East Anglia Hub

(formerly Norfolk Bank)

United Kingdom3,1002026ScottishPower Renewables merged East Anglia TWO (900 MW), East Anglia THREE (1,400 MW) and East Anglia ONE North (800MW) into single hub.

Anticipated project start in 2022. Project completion anticipated in 2026.

[111][112]
Med WindItaly2,8002030

Floating offshore wind farm. Scoping procedure completed in 2021. Construction to start in 2025. Expected project completion in 2030.

[113][114]
Coastal Virginia Offshore WindUnited States36°53′16″N 75°29′50″W / 36.8878333°N 75.4973333°W / 36.8878333; -75.49733332,640Phase 1 (880 MW), Phase 2 (880 MW), Phase 3 (880 MW)[115][116][117][118][119]
Hornsea Project FourUnited Kingdom2,600[120]
Southwest OffshoreSouth Korea2,500Phase 1 (60 MW), Phase 2 (400 MW), Phase 3 (2000 MW)[121][122][123][124]
Hornsea Project ThreeUnited Kingdom2,400Crown Estate Round 3[125]
Mayflower WindUnited States2,400 in two phasesTBABOEM
Wilmington East & Wilmington West Wind FarmUnited States2,250TotalEnergy Renewables USA[126][127]
Formosa IIITaiwan2,000Undergoing environmental impact assessment and approvals which are expected to be completed between 2021 and 2025.[128]
IJmuiden Ver AlphaNetherlands2,0002029[129]
IJmuiden Ver BetaNetherlands2,0002029[129]
IJmuiden Ver GammaNetherlands2,000[129]
Norfolk VanguardUnited Kingdom1,800Planning Consent Granted on 11 February 2022. Offshore works expected to begin in 2025[130][131][132][133][134]
Norfolk BoreasUnited Kingdom1,800Planning Consent Granted on 10 December 2021. Offshore works are expected to begin in 2025.[135][136][137][133] Project shelved in July 2023.[138]
OWF Bałtyk IPoland1,560Connection to national grid approved in 2021[139][140][141]
Atlantic ShoresUnited States1,5102028NJBPU[142][143]
Dogger Bank C

(formerly Teesside A)

United Kingdom1,200Offshore export cable installation will commence in Q1 2024; Offshore platform installation will commence in Q2, 2024; foundation installation will commence in Q3, 2024; Turbine installation will commence in Q2, 2025. First power is anticipated in Q3, 2025 and full power in Q1, 2026.[75]
Rampion 2United Kingdom1,200Concept/Early Planning. Planning application expected 2022[144][145]
Beacon WindUnited States1,2302028NYSERDA[146][147][148]
Baltic PowerPoland1,1402026[149]
ThorDenmark1,0082027[150]
Inch CapeUnited Kingdom1,000Consent Authorised. Up to 72 wind turbines[151]
StorgrundetSweden1,000Environmental permit granted in September 2023[152][153]
Nordlicht IGermany9802027Vattenfall[154]
SkipjackUnited States9662027Ørsted (company)[155][156][157]
He DreihtGermany9602025[158]
GennakerGermany9272026[159]
Sunrise WindUnited States8802024NYSERDA[160][161][162]
Empire WindUnited States40°19′45″N 73°30′28″W / 40.329226°N 73.507861°W / 40.329226; -73.5078618162024NYSERDA[163][164][165][161][162]
Park City WindUnited States8042025Connecticut DEEP[166]
Kitty Hawk WindUnited States8002026800 MW in Phase 1, proposed total of 2500 MW BOEM[167][168]
Hollandse Kust (West) VINetherlands7502026Shell, Eneco[169]
Hollandse Kust (West) VIINetherlands7502026RWE[169]
OWF Bałtyk IIPoland7202026Construction anticipated in 2025/2026[170][140]
OWF Bałtyk IIIPoland7202026Construction anticipated in 2025/2026[171][140]
Baltic Sea Energy Island ILithuania55°55′00″N 20°20′00″E / 55.916667°N 20.333333°E / 55.916667; 20.3333337002028Expected to be finished by 2028. Several investors that submitted bids is currently under evaluation by Lithuanian government[172][173][174][175]
Baltic Sea Energy Island IILithuania7002030Expected to be finished by 2030 after first wind park completed[176]
NoirmoutierFrance4962023Delivery and commissioning expected for 2023. Project will consist of 62 Siemens Gamesa 8.0-167 DD.[177][178]

Largest Cancelled Wind Farms

Ocean Wind 1United States39°21′58″N 74°24′51″W / 39.366111°N 74.414167°W / 39.366111; -74.4141671,1002024NJBPU[179][180][181][182][183]
Ocean Wind 2United States1,1482027NJBPU[142][184]

Other notable offshore wind farms

Wind FarmCountryCoordinatesYearNotabilityRefs
VindebyDenmark54°58′12″N 11°7′48″E / 54.97000°N 11.13000°E / 54.97000; 11.13000 (Vindeby (4.95 MW))1991First offshore wind farm; 11 × Bonus 450 kW. Decommissioned in 2017.[185][186][187][188][189][190][191]
BeatriceUnited Kingdom58°7′48″N 3°4′12″W / 58.13000°N 3.07000°W / 58.13000; -3.07000 (Beatrice Wind Farm)2007Deepest fixed-foundation at 45-metre water depth. 2 × Senvion 5MW prototype turbines[192][193][194]
Yttre StengrundSweden56°9′N 16°3′E / 56.150°N 16.050°E / 56.150; 16.050 (Yttre Stengrund (10 MW))2001First offshore wind farm to be decommissioned (in November 2015)
FryslânNetherlands53°0′0″N 5°16′0″E / 53.00000°N 5.26667°E / 53.00000; 5.26667 (Fryslân (382.7 MW))2021Largest freshwater wind farm with a total capacity of 382.7 MW[195][196]
HywindNorway2009First full-scale, deep-water floating turbine: Siemens 2.3 MW turbine in 220 meter-deep water[197][198]
Hywind ScotlandUnited Kingdom57°29′0″N 1°21′0″W / 57.48333°N 1.35000°W / 57.48333; -1.35000 (Hywind Scotland (30 MW))2017First full-scale, deep-water floating wind farm, at 30 MW capacity[199]
Hywind TampenNorway61°20′1.7″N 2°15′33.8″E / 61.333806°N 2.259389°E / 61.333806; 2.259389 (Hywind Tampen (88 MW))2022Currently the largest deep-water floating wind farm with 88 MW capacity. Built specifically to power offshore oil and gas platforms.[200]

See also

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Offshore wind farms.
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