| Year | Category | Nominees(s) | Nominated for | Result |
|---|
| 1960 | Best Instrumental Soloist Performance (without orchestra) | Arthur Rubinstein[a] | Beethoven: Sonatas No. 21 in C (Waldstein) and No. 18 in E-flat | Won |
| 1975 | Best Classical Album | Krzysztof Penderecki | Penderecki: Magnificat (Album) | Nominated |
| 1975 | Best Choral Performance | Penderecki: Magnificat (Album) | Nominated |
| 1975 | Best Chamber Music Performance | Pierre Fournier, Arthur Rubinstein & Henryk Szeryng[b] | Brahms: Trios (Complete)/Schumann: Trio No. 1 in D Minor | Won |
| 1976 | Best Chamber Music Performance | Pierre Fournier, Arthur Rubinstein & Henryk Szeryng | Schubert: Trios Nos. 1 in B-flat, Op. 99 and 2 in E-flat, Op. 100 (Piano Trios) | Won |
| 1978 | Best Instrumental Soloist Performance (without orchestra) | Arthur Rubinstein | Beethoven: Piano Sonata No. 18 in E-flat/Schumann: Fantasiestücke, Op. 12 | Won |
| 1987 | Best Contemporary Composition | Witold Lutosławski (composer) & Esa Pekka Salonen (conductor) | Lutosławski: Symphony No. 3 | Won |
| 1988 | Best Contemporary Composition | Krzysztof Penderecki | Penderecki: Cello Concerto No. 2 | Won |
| 1991 | Best Choral Performance | Penderecki: Polish Requiem (Album) | Nominated |
| 1991 | Best Choral Performance | Penderecki: St. Luke Passion (Album) | Nominated |
| 1999 | Best Classical Contemporary Composition | Penderecki: Violin Concerto No. 2, Metamorphosen | Won |
| 1999 | Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist(s) Performance (with orchestra) | Penderecki: Violin Concerto No. 2, Metamorphosen | Won |
| 2013 | Best Classical Compendium | Antoni Wit (conductor); Aleksandra Nagorko and Andrzej Sasin (producers) | Penderecki: Fonogrammi; Horn Concerto; The Awakening of Jacob; Anaklasis [1] | Won |
| Record of the Year | Fun[c] | "We Are Young"[d] | Nominated |
| Album of the Year | Some Nights[e] | Nominated |
| 2014 | Taylor Swift[f] | Red[g] | Nominated |
| Best Large Jazz Ensembe Album | Randy Brecker[h], Wlodek Pawlik Trio, Kalisz Philharmonic | Night in Calisia [2] | Won |
| 2017 | Best Choral Album | Krzysztof Penderecki (conductor)/Warsaw Philharmonic Choir | Penderecki Conducts Penderecki, Volume 1 | Won |
| 2017 | Best Opera Recording | Antonio Pappano (conductor); Georgia Jarman, Mariusz Kwiecień & Saimir Pirgu (soloists); Jonathan Allen (producer) | Szymanowski: Król Roger | Nominated |
| 2018 | Best Opera Recording | Gianandrea Noseda (conductor)/Metropolitan Opera Orchestra; Metropolitan Opera Choir [i] | Bizet: Les pêcheurs de perles | Nominated |
| 2021 | Best Opera Recording | Jakub Józef Orliński | Handel: Agrippina | Nominated |
| 2023 | Best Opera Recording | Jakub Józef Orliński | Aucoin: Eurydice | Nominated |