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List of the Cenozoic life of South Dakota

This list of the Cenozoic life of South Dakota contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of South Dakota and are between 66 million and 10,000 years of age.

A

  • †Adeloblarina
    • †Adeloblarina berklandi – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Adjidaumo
    • †Adjidaumo lophatus
    • †Adjidaumo minutus
  • †Aelurodon
  • †Aepinacodon
    • †Aepinacodon deflectus – type locality for species
  • Life restoration of the Miocene camel Aepycamelus, or the long-necked camel. Heinrich Harder (1920).
    †Aepycamelus
  • †Agnotocastor
  • †Agriochoerus
    • †Agriochoerus antiquus
    • †Agriochoerus gaudryi – type locality for species
  • †Alilepus – tentative report
  • †Alismaphyllites
    • †Alismaphyllites grandifolius
  • †Allantodiopsis
    • †Allantodiopsis erosa
  • Alligator
  • †Allomys
    • †Allomys harkseni
    • †Allomys storeri – type locality for species
  • †Allophaiomys
    • †Allophaiomys pliocaenicus
  • †Alwoodia
  • †Ambystoma
  • Life restoration of the Miocene elephant relative Amebelodon. Margret Flinsch (1932).
    †Amebelodon
  • †Ameiseophis
    • †Ameiseophis robinsoni
  • †Ampelopsis
    • †Ampelopsis acerifolia
  • †Amphechinus
    • †Amphechinus horncloudi
  • †Amphicaenopus
    • †Amphicaenopus platycephalus – type locality for species
  • †Amynodontopsis
    • †Amynodontopsis bodei
  • †Anchitherium
    • †Anchitherium clarencei
  • †Ansomys
    • †Ansomys cyanotephrus – type locality for species
  • Antilocapra
  • Apalone
    • †Apalone leucopotamica
  • †Aphelops
    • †Aphelops megalodus
  • †Apternodus
    • †Apternodus mediaevus
  • †Archaeocyon
    • †Archaeocyon leptodus
    • †Archaeocyon pavidus
  • †Archaeohippus
    • †Archaeohippus blackbergi – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Archaeolagus
    • †Archaeolagus macrocephalus – type locality for species
    • †Archaeolagus primigenius – type locality for species
  • Life restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene entelodont mammal Archaeotherium
    †Archaeotherium
    • †Archaeotherium lemleyi – type locality for species
    • †Archaeotherium marshi – type locality for species
    • †Archaeotherium mortoni
    • †Archaeotherium trippensis – type locality for species
  • †Arctodus
  • †Arctonasua
  • †Arretotherium
    • †Arretotherium fricki
    • †Arretotherium leptodus – type locality for species
  • Azolla
    • †Azolla schopfi – type locality for species

B

C

D

  • †Dakotallomys
    • †Dakotallomys lillegraveni
    • †Dakotallomys pelycomyoides
  • †Dakotaophis – type locality for genus
    • †Dakotaophis greeni – type locality for species
  • Life restoration of the Eocene-Miocene bear dog Daphoenus
    †Daphoenus
    • †Daphoenus hartshornianus
    • †Daphoenus vetus
  • †Dendrochen – type locality for genus
    • †Dendrochen robusta – type locality for species
  • †Desmathyus
    • †Desmathyus pinensis
  • †Desmatippus
    • †Desmatippus texanus
  • †Desmatochoerus
    • †Desmatochoerus megalodon
  • †Desmocyon
  • †Diceratherium
    • †Diceratherium annectens
    • †Diceratherium armatum – type locality for species
    • †Diceratherium radtkei
    • †Diceratherium tridactylum – type locality for species
  • †Dikkomys
    • †Dikkomys matthewi
  • †Dinictis
    • †Dinictis felina
  • †Dinohyus
  • †Dipoides
  • †Disallomys
    • †Disallomys robustus
  • †Domnina
    • †Domnina dakotensis – type locality for species
    • †Domnina gradata
    • †Domnina greeni – type locality for species
  • †Domninoides
    • †Domninoides riparensis – type locality for species
  • †Douglassciurus
    • †Douglassciurus bjorki – type locality for species
  • †Downsimus
    • †Downsimus chadwicki – type locality for species
  • †Duchesnehippus
    • †Duchesnehippus intermedius
  • Illustration of the fossilized jaws and teeth of the Eocene brontothere mammal Duchesneodus
    †Duchesneodus
    • †Duchesneodus uintensis

E

F

  • A living Ficus, or fig tree
    Ficus
    • †Ficus artocarpoides
    • †Ficus subtruncata
  • †Florentiamys
    • †Florentiamys agnewi – type locality for species
    • †Florentiamys tiptoni
  • †Fossorcastor
    • †Fossorcastor brachyceps

G

  • †Galbreathia
    • †Galbreathia novellus
  • Geomys
  • †Geringia
    • †Geringia gloveri
    • †Geringia mcgregori
  • †Gigantocamelus
    • †Gigantocamelus spatulus
  • Glyptostrobus
    • †Glyptostrobus nordenskioldi
  • Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene elephant relative Gomphotherium
    †Gomphotherium
    • †Gomphotherium obscurum
  • †Grangerimus
    • †Grangerimus dakotensis
  • Graptemys
  • †Gregorymys
    • †Gregorymys curtus – type locality for species
    • †Gregorymys formosus – type locality for species
  • †Gripholagomys – type locality for genus
    • †Gripholagomys lavocati – type locality for species
  • †Guildayomys
    • †Guildayomys hibbardi – or unidentified comparable form

H

I

J

  • †Javazapus
    • †Javazapus weeksi

K

  • †Kirkomys
    • †Kirkomys martintau
    • †Kirkomys nebraskensis

L

  • †Lambdoceras
    • †Lambdoceras hessei – type locality for species
  • Lampropeltis
    • †Lampropeltis similis
  • †Leidymys
    • †Leidymys blacki
    • †Leidymys juxtaparvulus
  • Lepisosteus
  • Lepomis
  • †Leptarctus
    • †Leptarctus primus – type locality for species
  • Restoration of the Oligocene-Miocene oreodont mammal Leptauchenia
    †Leptauchenia
    • †Leptauchenia decora – type locality for species
    • †Leptauchenia major – type locality for species
  • †Leptictis
    • †Leptictis dakotensis
    • †Leptictis haydeni
  • †Leptochoerus
    • †Leptochoerus elegans
    • †Leptochoerus supremus – type locality for species
  • †Leptocyon
    • †Leptocyon delicatus – type locality for species
    • †Leptocyon douglassi
    • †Leptocyon gregorii
    • †Leptocyon matthewi
    • †Leptocyon vafer – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Leptocyon vulpinus
  • Life restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene even-toed ungulate Leptomeryx
    †Leptomeryx
    • †Leptomeryx evansi
  • †Leptoromys
    • †Leptoromys wilsoni – type locality for species
  • Lepus
    • †Lepus americanus – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Lepus ennisianus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Lignimus
    • †Lignimus austridakotensis – type locality for species
  • †Limnoecus
    • †Limnoecus compressus – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Limnoecus niobrarensis
  • †Longirostromeryx
    • †Longirostromeryx wellsi – type locality for species

M

  • †Macrogenis
    • †Macrogenis crassigenis
  • †Macrognathomys
    • †Macrognathomys gemmacolis – type locality for species
  • †Macrorhineura – type locality for genus
  • †Mammacyon
    • †Mammacyon obtusidens – type locality for species
  • †Mammuthus
  • †Manitsha – type locality for genus
    • †Manitsha tanka – type locality for species
  • Martes
    • †Martes campestris
  • †Megacerops
  • †Megachoerus – tentative report
    • †Megachoerus latidens – type locality for species
  • †Megalagus
    • †Megalagus primitivus – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Megalagus turgidus
  • †Megaleptictis
  • †Megalictis
  • †Megalonyx
  • †Megapaloelodus – type locality for genus
    • †Megapaloelodus connectens – type locality for species
  • †Megasminthus
    • †Megasminthus gladiofex – type locality for species
    • †Megasminthus tiheni
  • †Megoreodon
    • †Megoreodon grandis
  • †Meniscomys
    • †Meniscomys hippodus
  • Life restoration of the Miocene rhinoceros Menoceras
    †Menoceras
  • †Menops
    • †Menops marshi
    • †Menops serotinus
    • †Menops walcotti
  • †Merychippus
    • †Merychippus insignis
  • †Merychyus
  • Restorative portrait of the Oligocene-Miocene oreodont mammal Merycochoerus
    †Merycochoerus
    • †Merycochoerus chelydra
    • †Merycochoerus matthewi – type locality for species
  • †Merycodus
    • †Merycodus major – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Merycodus necatus
  • †Merycoides
    • †Merycoides longiceps
    • †Merycoides pariogonus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Merycoidodon
    • †Merycoidodon bullatus – type locality for species
    • †Merycoidodon culbertsoni – type locality for species
    • †Merycoidodon major
  • Skull fossils of the Oligocene-Miocene dog Mesocyon
    †Mesocyon
    • †Mesocyon temnodon
  • †Mesohippus
    • †Mesohippus bairdi
    • †Mesohippus exoletus
  • †Mesoreodon
    • †Mesoreodon chelonyx
    • †Mesoreodon minor
  • †Mesoscalops
  • Restoration of the Eocene-Miocene swamp rhinoceros Metamynodon. Charles R. Knight (1896).
    †Metamynodon
  • †Michenia
    • †Michenia exilis
  • Microtus
    • †Microtus meadensis
    • †Microtus paroperarius
  • Mictomys
    • †Mictomys kansasensis
  • †Mimomys
    • †Mimomys dakotaensis
  • †Miniochoerus
    • †Miniochoerus affinis
    • †Miniochoerus forsythae
    • †Miniochoerus gracilis
    • †Miniochoerus starkensis – type locality for species
  • †Mioheteromys
    • †Mioheteromys arcarius
  • Fossilized skull of the Eocene-Oligocene three-toed horse Miohippus
    †Miohippus
    • †Miohippus annectens – type locality for species
    • †Miohippus equiceps
    • †Miohippus equinanus
    • †Miohippus gemmarosae – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Miohippus gidleyi – type locality for species
    • †Miohippus grandis
    • †Miohippus intermedius – type locality for species
    • †Miohippus obliquidens – type locality for species
  • †Mionictis
    • †Mionictis pristinus
  • †Miortyx – type locality for genus
    • †Miortyx teres – type locality for species
  • †Miospermophilus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Monosaulax
    • †Monosaulax curtus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Moropus
  • Mustela
  • †Mustelavus
    • †Mustelavus priscus – type locality for species
  • †Mylagaulus
    • †Mylagaulus sesquipedalis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Mystipterus
    • †Mystipterus martini – or unidentified comparable form

N

  • Partial fossilized mandible of the Miocene-Pliocene horse Nannippus
    †Nannippus
  • †Nanotragulus
    • †Nanotragulus loomisi
    • †Nanotragulus ordinatus – type locality for species
  • †Nelumbago
    • †Nelumbago montanum
  • †Neohipparion – type locality for genus
  • †Neonatrix
    • †Neonatrix elongata
  • Neotoma
    • †Neotoma amplidonta – type locality for species
  • Nerodia
  • Nettion
    • †Nettion greeni – type locality for species
  • †Nexuotapirus
    • †Nexuotapirus marslandensis
  • †Niglarodon
    • †Niglarodon koerneri
  • Illustration of the fossilized skull of the Oligocene false saber-toothed cat Nimravus
    †Nimravus
    • †Nimravus sectator – type locality for species
  • †Nothodipoides
    • †Nothodipoides planus
  • Notophthalmus
    • †Notophthalmus crassus – type locality for species
  • †Nototamias
    • †Nototamias quadratus
  • †Notropis
  • †Noturus – tentative report

O

  • †Ocajila
    • †Ocajila makpiyahe – type locality for species
  • †Octacodon
    • †Octacodon valens – type locality for species
  • †Ogmophis
    • †Ogmophis miocompactus – type locality for species
  • †Oligoryctes
    • †Oligoryctes altitalonidus
  • †Oligoscalops
    • †Oligoscalops galbreathi
  • †Oligospermophilus
  • †Oligotheriomys
    • †Oligotheriomys magnus – type locality for species
  • Ondatra
    • †Ondatra annectens
  • Onychomys
    • †Onychomys pedroensis
  • †Oreodontoides
    • †Oreodontoides oregonensis
  • Ortalis
    • †Ortalis pollicaris – type locality for species
  • †Osbornodon
    • †Osbornodon sesnoni
  • †Otarocyon
    • †Otarocyon cooki
    • †Otarocyon macdonaldi – type locality for species
  • †Oxetocyon
    • †Oxetocyon cuspidatus – type locality for species
  • Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Oligocene-Miocene camel Oxydactylus
    †Oxydactylus
    • †Oxydactylus lacota – type locality for species
    • †Oxydactylus wyomingensis – or unidentified comparable form

P

  • †Paciculus
    • †Paciculus cedrus – type locality for species
    • †Paciculus montanus – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Paciculus nebraskensis – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Paciculus woodi
  • †Palaeoborus
    • †Palaeoborus rosatus – type locality for species
  • Spiral-shaped fossilized burrow and associated skeleton of the Oligocene-Miocene beaver Palaeocastor
    †Palaeocastor
    • †Palaeocastor peninsulatus
    • †Palaeocastor wahlerti
  • †Palaeogale
    • †Palaeogale dorothiae – type locality for species
    • †Palaeogale sectoria
  • †Palaeolagus
    • †Palaeolagus burkei
    • †Palaeolagus haydeni
    • †Palaeolagus hypsodus
    • †Palaeolagus intermedius
    • †Palaeolagus philoi – type locality for species
  • †Palaeonossax – type locality for genus
    • †Palaeonossax senectus – type locality for species
  • †Paleoheterodon
    • †Paleoheterodon tiheni
  • †Parablastomeryx
    • †Parablastomeryx gregorii
  • †Paracrax
    • †Paracrax gigantea – type locality for species
    • †Paracrax wetmorei – type locality for species
  • †Paradaphoenus
    • †Paradaphoenus minimus
    • †Paradaphoenus tooheyi – type locality for species
  • †Paradjidaumo
    • †Paradjidaumo trilophus
  • †Paraenhydrocyon
    • †Paraenhydrocyon robustus
  • †Parahippus
    • †Parahippus cognatus – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Parahippus pawniensis
    • †Parahippus pristinus – type locality for species
  • †Paramerychyus
    • †Paramerychyus harrisonensis
    • †Paramerychyus relictus
  • †Paramys
    • †Paramys relictus
  • †Paranymphaea
    • †Paranymphaea crassifolia
  • †Paranyroca – type locality for genus
    • †Paranyroca magna – type locality for species
  • †Parapliosaccomys
    • †Parapliosaccomys hibbardi – or unidentified related form
  • †Paratomarctus
    • †Paratomarctus euthos
  • †Paratylopus
    • †Paratylopus labiatus
  • †Parictis
    • †Parictis dakotensis – type locality for species
    • †Parictis gilpini – type locality for species
    • †Parictis major – type locality for species
    • †Parictis parvus – type locality for species
  • †Parvericius
    • †Parvericius montanus
  • Fossilized skull of the Eocene-Oligocene lizard Peltosaurus
    †Peltosaurus
  • †Pelycomys
    • †Pelycomys placidus
  • †Penetrigonias
    • †Penetrigonias dakotensis
  • †Peraceras
    • †Peraceras superciliosum
  • †Perchoerus
    • †Perchoerus minor
    • †Perchoerus nanus
    • †Perchoerus probus – or unidentified comparable form
  • Perognathus
    • †Perognathus brevidens
    • †Perognathus coquorum – or unidentified comparable form
    • †Perognathus trojectioansrum
  • Peromyscus
  • †Philotrox
  • †Phlaocyon
  • Phrynosoma
  • †Planera
    • †Planera raynoldsi
  • Restoration of a herd of alarmed Miocene-Pleistocene peccaries of the genus Platygonus. Charles R. Knight (1922).
    †Platygonus
  • †Plesiosorex
    • †Plesiosorex coloradensis
    • †Plesiosorex donroosai – type locality for species
  • †Pleurolicus
    • †Pleurolicus clasoni
    • †Pleurolicus dakotensis – type locality for species
    • †Pleurolicus sulcifrons
  • †Pliauchenia
    • †Pliauchenia magnifontis
  • †Pliogale
    • †Pliogale manka
  • Fossilized skull of the Miocene horse Pliohippus
    †Pliohippus
  • †Pliophenacomys
    • †Pliophenacomys osborni – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Pliosaccomys
    • †Pliosaccomys dubius – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Poebrotherium
    • †Poebrotherium wilsoni
  • †Pogonodon
    • †Pogonodon brachyops
    • †Pogonodon cismontanus – type locality for species
    • †Pogonodon eileenae
  • †Problastomeryx
    • †Problastomeryx primus
  • †Procamelus
  • †Procastoroides
    • †Procastoroides sweeti – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Procrax – type locality for genus
    • †Procrax brevipes – type locality for species
  • †Prodipodomys
    • †Prodipodomys idahoensis
  • †Prodipoides
    • †Prodipoides dividerus
  • †Proharrymys
    • †Proharrymys fedti – type locality for species
    • †Proharrymys schlaikjeri
    • †Proharrymys wahlerti
  • †Proheteromys
    • †Proheteromys gremmelsi – type locality for species
    • †Proheteromys ironcloudi – type locality for species
    • †Proheteromys matthewi – type locality for species
  • †Promartes
    • †Promartes gemmarosae
    • †Promartes lepidus – type locality for species
    • †Promartes olcotti
  • Restoration of the Miocene hippopotamus-like oreodont Promerycochoerus both onshore and in the water. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913).
    †Promerycochoerus
    • †Promerycochoerus carrikeri
    • †Promerycochoerus superbus
  • †Promylagaulus
    • †Promylagaulus riggsi – type locality for species
  • †Proscalops
    • †Proscalops evelynae – type locality for species
    • †Proscalops secundus
    • †Proscalops tertius
  • †Prosciurus
    • †Prosciurus dawsonae
  • †Prosthennops
    • †Prosthennops niobrarensis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Protapirus
    • †Protapirus obliquidens – type locality for species
    • †Protapirus simplex – type locality for species
  • †Proterix
    • †Proterix bicuspis
    • †Proterix loomisi
  • Life restoration of a female (left) and male of the Oligocene-Miocene even-toed ungulate Protoceras. Charles R. Knight (1896).
    †Protoceras
    • †Protoceras celer
    • †Protoceras skinneri – type locality for species
  • †Protohippus
  • †Protolabis
    • †Protolabis heterodontus
  • †Protospermophilus
  • Pseudacris
    • †Pseudacris clarki – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Pseudaelurus
  • †Pseudhipparion
    • †Pseudhipparion gratum
    • †Pseudhipparion retrusum
  • †Pseudoblastomeryx
    • †Pseudoblastomeryx advena
  • †Pseudograptemys
    • †Pseudograptemys inornata – type locality for species
  • Fossilized skeleton of the Eocene protoceratid mammal Pseudoprotoceras
    †Pseudoprotoceras
    • †Pseudoprotoceras longinaris
    • †Pseudoprotoceras minor
  • †Pseudotheridomys
  • †Pseudotrimylus
    • †Pseudotrimylus dakotensis
  • †Pterogaulus
  • †Pterygoboa – type locality for genus
    • †Pterygoboa miocenica – type locality for species

Q

  • †Quadrodens
    • †Quadrodens wilsoni – type locality for species
  • Querquedula
    • †Querquedula integra – type locality for species

R

S

  • Salvadora
    • †Salvadora paleolineata
  • †Sanctimus
    • †Sanctimus stuartae – type locality for species
  • †Scalopoides
    • †Scalopoides isodens – or unidentified comparable form
  • Scaphiopus
  • †Scaptohyus
    • †Scaptohyus altidens – type locality for species
  • †Schaubeumys
    • †Schaubeumys clivosus
    • †Schaubeumys galbreathi
    • †Schaubeumys grangeri – type locality for species
  • †Schizodontomys
    • †Schizodontomys harkseni
  • †Scottimus
    • †Scottimus exiguus
    • †Scottimus lophatus
  • †Semotelus – tentative report
  • †Sespia
    • †Sespia nitida – type locality for species
  • †Sinclairella
    • †Sinclairella dakotensis
  • Sorex
  • Spea
    • †Spea neuter – type locality for species
  • Spermophilus
  • Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene elephant relative Stegomastodon
    †Stegomastodon
  • †Steneofiber
    • †Steneofiber fossor
    • †Steneofiber gradatus
  • †Stibarus
    • †Stibarus obtusilobus
    • †Stibarus quadricuspis
  • Strix
    • †Strix dakota – type locality for species
  • Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Eocene-Oligocene tortoise Stylemys
    †Stylemys
    • †Stylemys nebrascensis
  • †Subhyracodon
    • †Subhyracodon mitis
    • †Subhyracodon occidentalis
  • †Sunkahetanka
  • Sylvilagus

T

  • Tapirus
  • Restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene rhinoceros Teleoceras
    †Teleoceras
  • †Teleodus – type locality for genus
    • †Teleodus avus – type locality for species
  • †Temperocastor
    • †Temperocastor valentinensis
  • †Tenudomys
    • †Tenudomys macdonaldi – type locality for species
  • Thamnophis
  • †Thinohyus
  • Thomomys
  • †Tisisthenes
    • †Tisisthenes parvus
  • Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Miocene-Pleistocene camel Titanotylopus
    †Titanotylopus
  • †Trigenicus
    • †Trigenicus profectus
  • †Trigonias
  • †Trilaccogaulus
    • †Trilaccogaulus ovatus
  • †Triletes
    • †Triletes velus – type locality for species
  • †Tylionomys
    • †Tylionomys woodi
  • Tympanuchus
    • †Tympanuchus stirtoni – type locality for species
  • †Tyrannomys
    • †Tyrannomys harkseni

U

W

  • †Wilsoneumys – tentative report
    • †Wilsoneumys planidens
  • †Wilsonosorex
    • †Wilsonosorex bateslandensis
  • †Woodoceras – type locality for genus
    • †Woodoceras brachyops – type locality for species

X

  • †Xenochelys
    • †Xenochelys formosa – type locality for species

Z

References

  • Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". Retrieved 17 December 2021.
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