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List of tsunamis in Europe

The following is a list of notable tsunamis in Europe.

The aftermath of the Messina earthquake and tsunami on December 28, 1908

Causes

Most of the tsunamis that have occurred within Europe have happened in the Mediterranean Sea because in the Mediterranean Sea there are earthquakes, submarine landslide and volcanoes. Most of the earthquakes occur on the Eurasian Plate but earthquakes and submarine landslide also occur in western Europe like France, Norway and the United Kingdom which have been struck by tsunamis.

Tsunamis

DateCountryDeadCauseNotes
~6225-6170 BC Scotland, United KingdomUnknownUnderwater landslideStoregga Slide, Norway[1]
6000 BC Sicily, ItalyUnknownVolcanic eruption
3500 BC Northern IslesManyTsunamiUnclear[2]
1410 BC Santorini, GreeceUnknownVolcanic eruption[3]
426 BC Gulf of Euboea, GreeceUnknownEarthquake426 BC Malian Gulf tsunami[3]
373 BC Helike, GreeceUnknownEarthquakeAn earthquake and a tsunami destroyed the prosperous Greek city Helike, lying 2 km away from the sea. The fate of the city, which remained permanently submerged, was often commented upon by ancient writers and may have inspired Plato when writing his story of Atlantis in Timaeus and Critias.[3]
227 BC Dodecanese, GreeceUnknownEarthquake226 BC Rhodes earthquake[3]
210 BC Gulf of Cadiz, PortugalUnknownEarthquake[4]
79 AD Gulf of Naples, ItalyUnknownVolcanic eruptionA smaller tsunami was witnessed in the Bay of Naples by Pliny the Younger during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.[5]
21 July 365 Crete, GreeceThousands8.0 earthquake365 Crete earthquake[3]
7 July 551 Menidi, Aetolia-Acarnania, GreeceUnknownEarthquake[3]
15 August 554 Kos, GreeceUnknownEarthquake[3]
24 October 842 Channel Islands United KingdomUnknownEarthquake[6]
1050 Santorini, GreeceUnknownVolcanic eruption[3]
11 November 1099 Cornwall, United Kingdom,UnknownUnknown[6]
1 October 1134 North Sea, United Kingdom, NetherlandsUnknownUnknown[7]
4 February 1169 Strait of Messina, Italy,UnknownEarthquake[5]
11 May 1222 CyprusUnknownEarthquake[3]
8 August 1303 Crete, GreeceThousands8.0 earthquake1303 Crete earthquake[3]
25 November 1343 Tyrrhenian Sea, ItalyLoss of lives recorded unknown number.Earthquake[5]
5 December 1456 Province of Benevento, Italy30,000–70,000Earthquake[5] Largest earthquake to strike Italy.
3 May 1481 Rhodes, GreeceUnknownEarthquake[3]
6 April 1580 Strait of Dover, United Kingdom120Earthquake/Underwater landslideThe 5.9 earthquake caused freak waves in the Strait of Dover which were observed in England and France.[6]
30 January 1607 Bristol Channel, United Kingdom2,000disputed tsunami caused by earthquake off Ireland
27 March 1638 Sicily, Italy9,581–30,000Earthquake[5]
6 April 1667 Adriatic Sea, CroatiaUnknownEarthquakeThe tsunami struck the city of Dubrovnik.[8]
9 October 1680 Alboran Sea, SpainUnknownUnknown[9]
11 January 1693 Italy1000Earthquake[5]
1693 IcelandUnknownVolcanic earthquake[10]
21 February 1723 Lefkada, GreeceUnknownEarthquake[3]
20 February 1743 Apulia, Italy180–300Earthquake[5]
14 May 1748 Gulf of Patras, GreeceUnknownEarthquake[3]
7 July 1757 Isles of Scilly, United KingdomUnknownEarthquake[6]
21 January 1760 Baltic Sea, Denmark, GermanyUnknownUnderwater landslide[11]
5 September 1767 Dublin Republic of IrelandUnknownUnknown[12]
February 5, February 6, February 7, March 1, March 28, 1783 Calabria, Italy50,000Earthquakes[5]
1 November 1755 Lisbon, Portugal10,000Earthquake[13]
31 March 1761 Lisbon, PortugalUnknownEarthquakeModerate tsunami observed in Cornwall and Barbados.
18 September 1763 Weymouth, Dorset, United KingdomUnknownUnknown[6]
2 April 1808 Coast, ItalyUnknownEarthquakeAn earthquake in Italy caused a possible tsunami that was observed in Marseille, France.[5][14]
23 August 1817 Gulf of Corinth, GreeceUnknownEarthquake[3]
29 December 1820 Zakynthos, GreeceUnknownEarthquake[3]
5 July 1843 Cornwall, United KingdomUnknownUnknown[6]
12 October 1856 Crete, GreeceUnknownEarthquake[3]
19 September 1867 Ionian Sea Greece12Earthquake[3]
3 April 1881 Chios, Greece7,866Earthquake[3]
27 August 1886 Ionian Sea, GreeceUnknownEarthquake[3]
23 February 1887 Ligurian Sea, FranceUnknownEarthquake[5][14]
14 June 1893 Adriatic Sea, AlbaniaUnknown7.5 earthquake[15]
31 March 1901 Black Sea, Bulgaria07.2 earthquake[16]
16 January 1905 Loen, Norway61Landslide[17]
8 September 1905 Calabria, Italy557Earthquake[5]
28 December 1908 Messina, Italy200,0007.2 earthquake[5]
11 September 1930 Italy2Earthquake[5]
26 September 1932 Ierissos, Greece491Earthquake1932 Ierissos earthquake[3]
7 April 1934 Tafjord Norway40
Landslide[17]
13 September 1936 Loen, Norway74Landslide[17]
September 10 1953 Paphos, Cyprus40Earthquake
9 July 1956 Aegean Islands Greece3Earthquake[3]
9 July 1956 Dodecanese Greece56Earthquake[3]
9 October 1963 Monte Toc, Italy1,450Landslide
28 February 1969 Portugal0Earthquake[13]
21 June 1978 Vela Luka, Croatia0Meteorologic[18]
16 October 1979 Nice, France8-23Landslide and underwater landslide[19]
1 January 1980 Azores, Portugal0Earthquake[13]
13 December 1990 Italy6Earthquake[5]
30 December 2002 Stromboli, Italy0Landslide[5]
21 May 2003 Balearic islands, Spain0EarthquakeThe earthquake was off the coast of Algeria.[20][21]
29 June 2011 Cornwall, United Kingdom0Underwater landslide[6][22][23][24]
30 October 2020 Aegean Islands, Greece1EarthquakeA magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck off the coast of Turkey, producing a 2.2 meter-high tsunami that would later strike the coast of Turkey, and the Aegean Islands, including Ikaria, Kos, Chios, and Samos.[25][20]

See also

References

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