There are seven stable isotopes of mercury (80Hg) with 202Hg being the most abundant (29.86%). The longest-lived radioisotopes are 194Hg with a half-life of 444 years, and 203Hg with a half-life of 46.612 days. Most of the remaining 40 radioisotopes have half-lives that are less than a day. 199Hg and 201Hg are the most often studied NMR-active nuclei, having spin quantum numbers of 1/2 and 3/2 respectively. All isotopes of mercury are either radioactive or observationally stable, meaning that they are predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed. These isotopes are predicted to undergo either alpha decay or double beta decay.
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Standard atomic weight Ar°(Hg) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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180Hg, producible from 180Tl, was found in 2010 to be capable of an unusual form of spontaneous fission.[4] The fission products are 80Kr and 100Ru.
List of isotopes
Nuclide [n 1] | Z | N | Isotopic mass (Da) [n 2][n 3] | Half-life [n 4] | Decay mode [n 5] | Daughter isotope [n 6] | Spin and parity [n 7][n 4] | Natural abundance (mole fraction) | |||||||||||
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Excitation energy[n 4] | Normal proportion | Range of variation | |||||||||||||||||
170Hg[5] | 80 | 90 | 80(+400-40) μs | α | 166Pt | 0+ | |||||||||||||
171Hg | 80 | 91 | 171.00376(32)# | 80(30) μs [59(+36−16) μs] | α | 167Pt | 3/2−# | ||||||||||||
172Hg | 80 | 92 | 171.99883(22) | 420(240) μs [0.25(+35−9) ms] | α | 168Pt | 0+ | ||||||||||||
173Hg | 80 | 93 | 172.99724(22)# | 1.1(4) ms [0.6(+5−2) ms] | α | 169Pt | 3/2−# | ||||||||||||
174Hg | 80 | 94 | 173.992864(21) | 2.0(4) ms [2.1(+18−7) ms] | α | 170Pt | 0+ | ||||||||||||
175Hg | 80 | 95 | 174.99142(11) | 10.8(4) ms | α | 171Pt | 5/2−# | ||||||||||||
176Hg | 80 | 96 | 175.987355(15) | 20.4(15) ms | α (98.6%) | 172Pt | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (1.4%) | 176Au | ||||||||||||||||||
177Hg | 80 | 97 | 176.98628(8) | 127.3(18) ms | α (85%) | 173Pt | 5/2−# | ||||||||||||
β+ (15%) | 177Au | ||||||||||||||||||
178Hg | 80 | 98 | 177.982483(14) | 0.269(3) s | α (70%) | 174Pt | 0+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (30%) | 178Au | ||||||||||||||||||
179Hg | 80 | 99 | 178.981834(29) | 1.09(4) s | α (53%) | 175Pt | 5/2−# | ||||||||||||
β+ (47%) | 179Au | ||||||||||||||||||
β+, p (.15%) | 178Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
180Hg[n 8] | 80 | 100 | 179.978266(15) | 2.58(1) s | β+ (52%) | 180Au | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (48%) | 176Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
SF | 100Ru, 80Kr | ||||||||||||||||||
181Hg | 80 | 101 | 180.977819(17) | 3.6(1) s | β+ (64%) | 181Au | 1/2(−) | ||||||||||||
α (36%) | 177Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
β+, p (.014%) | 180Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
β+, α (9×10−6%) | 177Ir | ||||||||||||||||||
181mHg | 210(40)# keV | 13/2+ | |||||||||||||||||
182Hg | 80 | 102 | 181.97469(1) | 10.83(6) s | β+ (84.8%) | 182Au | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (15.2%) | 178Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
β+, p (10−5%) | 181Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
183Hg | 80 | 103 | 182.974450(9) | 9.4(7) s | β+ (74.5%) | 183Au | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
α (25.5%) | 179Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
β+, p (5.6×10−4%) | 182Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
183m1Hg | 198(14) keV | 13/2+# | |||||||||||||||||
183m2Hg | 240(40)# keV | 5# s | β+ | 183Au | 13/2+# | ||||||||||||||
184Hg | 80 | 104 | 183.971713(11) | 30.6(3) s | β+ (98.89%) | 184Au | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (1.11%) | 180Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
185Hg | 80 | 105 | 184.971899(17) | 49.1(10) s | β+ (94%) | 185Au | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
α (6%) | 181Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
185mHg | 99.3(5) keV | 21.6(15) s | IT (54%) | 185Hg | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
β+ (46%) | 185Au | ||||||||||||||||||
α (.03%) | 181Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
186Hg | 80 | 106 | 185.969362(12) | 1.38(6) min | β+ (99.92%) | 186Au | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (.016%) | 182Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
186mHg | 2217.3(4) keV | 82(5) μs | (8−) | ||||||||||||||||
187Hg | 80 | 107 | 186.969814(15) | 1.9(3) min | β+ | 187Au | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
α (1.2×10−4%) | 183Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
187mHg | 59(16) keV | 2.4(3) min | β+ | 187Au | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
α (2.5×10−4%) | 183Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
188Hg | 80 | 108 | 187.967577(12) | 3.25(15) min | β+ | 188Au | 0+ | ||||||||||||
α (3.7×10−5%) | 184Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
188mHg | 2724.3(4) keV | 134(15) ns | (12+) | ||||||||||||||||
189Hg | 80 | 109 | 188.96819(4) | 7.6(1) min | β+ | 189Au | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
α (3×10−5%) | 185Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
189mHg | 80(30) keV | 8.6(1) min | β+ | 189Au | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
α (3×10−5%) | 185Pt | ||||||||||||||||||
190Hg | 80 | 110 | 189.966322(17) | 20.0(5) min | β+[n 9] | 190Au | 0+ | ||||||||||||
191Hg | 80 | 111 | 190.967157(24) | 49(10) min | β+ | 191Au | 3/2(−) | ||||||||||||
191mHg | 128(22) keV | 50.8(15) min | β+ | 191Au | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
192Hg | 80 | 112 | 191.965634(17) | 4.85(20) h | EC[n 10] | 192Au | 0+ | ||||||||||||
193Hg | 80 | 113 | 192.966665(17) | 3.80(15) h | β+ | 193Au | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
193mHg | 140.76(5) keV | 11.8(2) h | β+ (92.9%) | 193Au | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
IT (7.1%) | 193Hg | ||||||||||||||||||
194Hg | 80 | 114 | 193.965439(13) | 444(77) y | EC | 194Au | 0+ | ||||||||||||
195Hg | 80 | 115 | 194.966720(25) | 10.53(3) h | β+ | 195Au | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
195mHg | 176.07(4) keV | 41.6(8) h | IT (54.2%) | 195Hg | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
β+ (45.8%) | 195Au | ||||||||||||||||||
196Hg | 80 | 116 | 195.965833(3) | Observationally Stable[n 11] | 0+ | 0.0015(1) | |||||||||||||
197Hg | 80 | 117 | 196.967213(3) | 64.14(5) h | EC | 197Au | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
197mHg | 298.93(8) keV | 23.8(1) h | IT (91.4%) | 197Hg | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
EC (8.6%) | 197Au | ||||||||||||||||||
198Hg | 80 | 118 | 197.9667690(4) | Observationally Stable[n 12] | 0+ | 0.0997(20) | |||||||||||||
199Hg | 80 | 119 | 198.9682799(4) | Observationally Stable[n 13] | 1/2− | 0.1687(22) | |||||||||||||
199mHg | 532.48(10) keV | 42.66(8) min | IT | 199Hg | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
200Hg | 80 | 120 | 199.9683260(4) | Observationally Stable[n 14] | 0+ | 0.2310(19) | |||||||||||||
201Hg | 80 | 121 | 200.9703023(6) | Observationally Stable[n 15] | 3/2− | 0.1318(9) | |||||||||||||
201mHg | 766.22(15) keV | 94(3) μs | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||||
202Hg | 80 | 122 | 201.9706430(6) | Observationally Stable[n 16] | 0+ | 0.2986(26) | |||||||||||||
203Hg | 80 | 123 | 202.9728725(18) | 46.595(6) d | β− | 203Tl | 5/2− | ||||||||||||
203mHg | 933.14(23) keV | 24(4) μs | (13/2+) | ||||||||||||||||
204Hg | 80 | 124 | 203.9734939(4) | Observationally Stable[n 17] | 0+ | 0.0687(15) | |||||||||||||
205Hg | 80 | 125 | 204.976073(4) | 5.14(9) min | β− | 205Tl | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
205mHg | 1556.40(17) keV | 1.09(4) ms | IT | 205Hg | 13/2+ | ||||||||||||||
206Hg | 80 | 126 | 205.977514(22) | 8.15(10) min | β− | 206Tl | 0+ | Trace[n 18] | |||||||||||
207Hg | 80 | 127 | 206.98259(16) | 2.9(2) min | β− | 207Tl | (9/2+) | ||||||||||||
208Hg | 80 | 128 | 207.98594(32)# | 42(5) min [41(+5−4) min] | β− | 208Tl | 0+ | ||||||||||||
209Hg | 80 | 129 | 208.99104(21)# | 37(8) s | 9/2+# | ||||||||||||||
210Hg | 80 | 130 | 209.99451(32)# | 10# min [>300 ns] | 0+ | ||||||||||||||
211Hg | 80 | 131 | 210.99380(200)# | 26(8) s | 9/2+# | ||||||||||||||
212Hg | 80 | 132 | 212.02760(300)# | 1# min [>300 ns] | 0+ | ||||||||||||||
213Hg | 80 | 133 | 213.07670(300)# | 1# s [>300 ns] | 5/2+# | ||||||||||||||
214Hg | 80 | 134 | 214.11180(400)# | 1# s [>300 ns] | 0+ | ||||||||||||||
215Hg | 80 | 135 | 215.16210(400)# | 1# s [>300 ns] | 3/2+# | ||||||||||||||
216Hg | 80 | 136 | 216.19860(400)# | 100# ms [>300 ns] | 0+ | ||||||||||||||
This table header & footer: |
References
- Isotope masses from:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030001. Bibcode:2017ChPhC..41c0001A. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001.
- Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051.
- "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 October 2005.
- Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- Audi, G.; Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S. (2017). "The NUBASE2016 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 41 (3): 030001. Bibcode:2017ChPhC..41c0001A. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/41/3/030001.
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.