The Okanagan Country, also known as the Okanagan Valley, is a region located in the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. state of Washington (where it is spelled the Okanogan Country), defined by the basin of Okanagan Lake and the Okanagan River. With an estimated 400,000 residents, the Okanagan Country spans from the Thompson Plateau near Grindrod, British Columbia in the Okanagan to the Okanagan Highland near Douglas County, Washington in the Okanogan. The largest city in the Canadian portion is Kelowna, with a metropolitan population of 222,162 residents as of 2021, while the largest city in the American portion is Omak, with 4,860 residents as of 2020. The region took its current name in honor of the Okanagan term, ukʷnaqín. The mild climate and close proximity to lakes, rivers and mountainous regions make the Okanagan Country an outdoor recreational destination. The region's economy is dominated by the primary sector industries of agriculture and forestry, although economic diversification has also occurred with retirement communities and recreational tourism. The American portion is considered to be more remote than the Canadian division, with approximately 10 percent of the population.
Geography
The Shuswap Highland and Thompson Plateau, coming out of the unincorporated community of Grindrod, defines the northern border of the region; the terrain here is mountainous and hilly. The southern border is defined by Chelan, Douglas and Grant counties, although portions of these counties lie within the Okanagan Country. The Canada–United States border, which features an official crossing into Osoyoos from Oroville, separates the Okanagan and Okanogan subregions from each other. The Okanagan Highland and Okanagan Basin define the main geographic features, serving as plateau-like hilly areas. The Okanagan River and Okanagan Lake are the most prominent water features in the Okanagan Country, with a combined area of 320 square kilometres (120 sq mi). According to Statistics Canada and the United States Census Bureau, the divided region comprises a total area of more than 40,441 square kilometres (15,614 sq mi), larger than Belgium and Taiwan. The extended region within Chelan, Douglas and Grant divisions make a larger area. The largest municipality by area in the Okanagan Country is Spallumcheen, covering 255.77 square kilometres (98.75 sq mi), making it larger than Seattle by land area. The southernmost community is Electric City, in Grant County. Other geographic features include Alta Lake, Columbia River, Cascade Mountains, Kalamalka Lake, North Gardner Mountain, Mahoney Lake, Mara Lake, McIntyre Bluff, Omak Lake, Osoyoos Lake, Similkameen River, Shuswap River, Skaha Lake, Swan Lake, Tuc-el-nuit Lake, Vaseaux Lake and Wood Lake.
Climate
Like most of southern British Columbia and central Washington, the Okanagan Country experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk), with little precipitation, hot summers and moderate winters. Northern communities have more precipitation and receive cooler temperatures. The city of Kelowna is generally considered to be a transition point between the semi-arid south and the somewhat wetter north, accompanied by a change in climate classification to humid continental (Dfb). Vegetation ranges from cactus and sagebrush in the southern portion, to cedar and hemlock trees in the northern portion. The region was affected by 1872 North Cascades earthquake, the state's largest historical earthquake, on December 14, 1872.[1][2] The center of the earthquake was located at Omak Lake.[3] The earthquake had a magnitude between 6.5 and 7.0 and was followed by an aftershock.[4][5]
Municipalities
| Name[6] | Type | Region | Population (2020)[7] | Percent | Area (2011) | Density (2011) (Pop./km2) | Incorporated |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Armstrong | City | North Okanagan | 5,323 | 1.330% | 5.24 km2 (2.0 sq mi) | 920.0 | 1913 |
| Barney's Junction | Designation | Ferry County | 114 | 0.03% | 0.30 km2 (0.1 sq mi) | 1,452.7 | — |
| Barstow | Designation | Ferry County | 66 | 0.02% | 1.55 km2 (0.6 sq mi) | 272.7 | — |
| Boyds | Designation | Ferry County | 34 | 0.01% | 0.51 km2 (0.2 sq mi) | 452.4 | — |
| Brewster | City | Okanogan County | 1,983 | 0.50% | 3.08 km2 (1.2 sq mi) | 769.0 | 1910 |
| Bridgeport | City | Douglas County | 2,141 | 0.54% | 2.72 km2 (1.1 sq mi) | 885.8 | 1910 |
| Chelan | City | Chelan County | 4,222 | 1.06% | 16.45 km2 (6.4 sq mi) | 238.8 | 1902 |
| Conconully | Town | Okanogan County | 193 | 0.05% | 0.80 km2 (0.3 sq mi) | 261.5 | 1908 |
| Coldstream | District | North Okanagan | 11,171 | 2.79% | 67.25 km2 (26.0 sq mi) | 155.6 | 1906 |
| Coulee Dam | Town | Okanogan County | 1,211 | 0.3% | 2.02 km2 (0.8 sq mi) | 588.8 | 1959 |
| Curlew | Designation | Ferry County | 105 | 0.03% | 2.07 km2 (0.8 sq mi) | 403.0 | — |
| Curlew Lake | Designation | Ferry County | 512 | 0.13% | 14.76 km2 (5.7 sq mi) | 274.2 | — |
| Disautel | Designation | Okanogan County | 47 | 0.01% | 9.80 km2 (3.8 sq mi) | 54.0 | — |
| Electric City | City | Grant County | 956 | 0.24% | 6.06 km2 (2.3 sq mi) | 219.8 | 1950 |
| Elmer City | Town | Okanogan County | 239 | 0.06% | 0.54 km2 (0.2 sq mi) | 437.6 | 1947 |
| Enderby | City | North Okanagan | 3,028 | 0.76% | 4.26 km2 (1.6 sq mi) | 690.0 | 1905 |
| Grand Coulee | City | Grant County | 972 | 0.24% | 3.34 km2 (1.3 sq mi) | 320.6 | 1935 |
| Inchelium | Designation | Ferry County | 431 | 0.110% | 68.80 km2 (26.6 sq mi) | 6.0 | — |
| Kaleden | Designation | Okanagan-Similkameen | 1,186 | 0.3% | 4.32 km2 (1.7 sq mi) | 283.6 | — |
| Keller | Designation | Ferry County | 229 | 0.06% | 15.28 km2 (5.9 sq mi) | 63.7 | — |
| Kelowna | City | Central Okanagan | 144,576 | 36.14% | 211.82 km2 (81.8 sq mi) | 553.8 | 1905 |
| Lake Country | District | Central Okanagan | 15,817 | 3.95% | 122.19 km2 (47.2 sq mi) | 95.8 | 1995 |
| Loomis | Designation | Okanogan County | 161 | 0.04% | 2.20 km2 (0.8 sq mi) | 72.0 | — |
| Lumby | Village | North Okanagan | 2,063 | 0.52% | 5.27 km2 (2.0 sq mi) | 301.6 | 1955 |
| Malott | Designation | Okanogan County | 464 | 0.12% | 1.80 km2 (0.7 sq mi) | 685.0 | — |
| Methow | Designation | Okanogan County | 92 | 0.02% | 4.70 km2 (1.8 sq mi) | 260.2 | — |
| Naramata | Designation | Okanagan-Similkameen | 1,628 | 0.41% | 7.99 km2 (3.1 sq mi) | 206.2 | — |
| Nespelem | Town | Okanogan County | 236 | 0.06% | 0.49 km2 (0.2 sq mi) | 479.6 | 1935 |
| Nespelem Community | Designation | Okanogan County | 283 | 0.07% | 59.90 km2 (23.1 sq mi) | 4.2 | — |
| North Omak | Designation | Okanogan County | 651 | 0.16% | 29.00 km2 (11.2 sq mi) | 23.7 | — |
| Olalla | Designation | Okanagan-Similkameen | 415 | 0.10% | 0.49 km2 (0.2 sq mi) | 826.3 | — |
| Oliver | Town | Okanagan-Similkameen | 5,094 | 1.27% | 4.88 km2 (1.9 sq mi) | 990.0 | 1945 |
| Okanagan Falls | Designation | Okanagan-Similkameen | 2,266 | 0.57% | 2.00 km2 (0.8 sq mi) | 840.0 | — |
| Okanogan | City | Okanogan County | 2,379 | 0.59% | 5.20 km2 (2.0 sq mi) | 505.3 | 1907 |
| Omak | City | Okanogan County | 4,860 | 1.22% | 9.10 km2 (3.5 sq mi) | 545.4 | 1911 |
| Orient | Designation | Ferry County | 75 | 0.02% | 1.03 km2 (0.4 sq mi) | 689.4 | — |
| Oroville | City | Okanogan County | 1,795 | 0.45% | 4.35 km2 (1.7 sq mi) | 396.9 | 1908 |
| Osoyoos | Town | Okanagan-Similkameen | 5,556 | 1.39% | 8.76 km2 (3.4 sq mi) | 553.1 | 1946 |
| Pateros | City | Okanogan County | 593 | 0.15% | 1.27 km2 (0.5 sq mi) | 525.6 | 1913 |
| Peachland | District | Central Okanagan | 5,789 | 1.450% | 15.75 km2 (6.1 sq mi) | 330.2 | 1909 |
| Penticton | City | Okanagan-Similkameen | 36,885 | 9.22% | 42.10 km2 (16.3 sq mi) | 780.9 | 1908 |
| Republic | City | Ferry County | 992 | 0.25% | 4.12 km2 (1.6 sq mi) | 260.5 | 1900 |
| Pine Grove | Designation | Ferry County | 129 | 0.03% | 1.29 km2 (0.5 sq mi) | 697.2 | — |
| Riverside | Town | Okanogan County | 329 | 0.08% | 2.56 km2 (1.0 sq mi) | 111.5 | 1913 |
| Spallumcheen | District | North Okanagan | 5,307 | 1.33% | 255.77 km2 (98.8 sq mi) | 19.8 | 1892 |
| Summerland | District | Okanagan-Similkameen | 12,042 | 3.01% | 74.06 km2 (28.6 sq mi) | 152.3 | 1906 |
| Tonasket | City | Okanogan County | 1,103 | 0.28% | 2.07 km2 (0.8 sq mi) | 498.1 | 1927 |
| Torboy | Designation | Ferry County | 43 | 0.01% | 2.58 km2 (1.0 sq mi) | 137.0 | — |
| Twin Lakes | Designation | Ferry County | 99 | 0.02% | 10.90 km2 (4.2 sq mi) | 5.4 | — |
| Twisp | Town | Okanogan County | 992 | 0.25% | 3.06 km2 (1.2 sq mi) | 300.7 | 1909 |
| Vernon | City | North Okanagan | 44,519 | 11.13% | 95.76 km2 (37.0 sq mi) | 398.4 | 1892 |
| West Kelowna | City | Central Okanagan | 36,078 | 7.72% | 123.51 km2 (47.7 sq mi) | 250.1 | 2015 |
| Winthrop | Town | Okanogan County | 504 | 0.130% | 2.43 km2 (0.9 sq mi) | 161.8 | 1924 |
Government
Population estimates from 2021 and 2020 released by Statistics Canada and United States Census Bureau indicated that there were over 400,000 residents. The American portion covers 10 percent of the population.[7] Federally, the Canadian portion of the Okanagan Country is part of the British Columbia Southern Interior electoral district, while the American portion is part of Washington's 4th congressional district.[8] The Okanagan Country is part of the North Okanagan, Central Okanagan, Okanagan-Similkameen regional districts, and the Okanogan and Ferry counties;[9] however, portions of Grant, Clark and Douglas counties also lie within the divided region.[10]
